溴氰菊酯对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾感受雌性信息素的影响

为了探索溴氰菊醋对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾感受雌性信息素的影响,本文运用触角电位仪和风洞装置对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾进行了电生理和行为反应的测试．结果表明,处理雄蛾对不同比例雌性信息素的触角电位反应分别在E／Z;1／9、5／5和9／1处出现峰值,与对照相比无显著改变,但反应幅度为0．25—0．45mV,比对照下降0．15—0．35mV．对不同剂量的性信息素,引起可见触角电位反应的低限阈值为1ng,饱和反应剂量为10000ng,但反应幅度亦下降0．1—0．5mV,说明溴氰菊酯主要是影响雄蛾周缘感受系统的敏感性．但在风洞测试中,雄蛾除在反应率上比对照明显降低外,其峰值感受比例从E／Z＝1／1漂移到7／3以上．雄蛾对雌性信息素的低限反应剂量也从10ng漂移到100ng,并且高限反应剂量也从100000ng降低到50000ng,使有效作用剂量范围缩小．这说明溴氰菊酯对雄蛾的行为反应有较大影响,不仅使雄蛾对性信息素感受的敏感性降低,也影响到其感受的专化性。     

亚洲玉米螟对丁硫克百威的抗性筛选及交互抗性

采用点滴法测定丁硫克百威对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)幼虫的致死中量,并采用亚致死剂量筛选亚洲玉米螟10代。结果表明,丁硫克百威处理亚洲玉米螟5代后,抗性即显著上升,抗性倍数为3.23倍,到10代时,抗性达到了5.43倍。对高效氯氟氰菊酯、辛硫磷和丁硫克百威3种玉米螟抗性品系进行交互抗性测定,发现丁硫克百威与其它2种农药存在交互抗性。建议在害虫防治谨慎使用丁硫克百威。     

Two mitochondrial lineages occur in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in Japan

The genealogy and diversity of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene were investigated for Ostrinia furnacalis in Japan. A preliminary examination of mitochondrial lineages in China and the Philippines was also made. Two lineages (A and B) were found in the COII gene. Lineage A was frequent throughout the Japanese main islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu), while the frequency of lineage B varied among these islands. No clear patterns of geographical population structure were found. Population genetic features suggested that the O. furnacalis population harboring the lineage A mitochondria expanded in the recent past, while lineage B showed weak signals of a population expansion. It is not clear whether the two lineages of mtDNA evolved in separate or identical geographical regions. We discuss two hypotheses regarding the two lineages of mtDNA: a cryptic race/species hypothesis and a selective sweep hypothesis.     

亚洲玉米螟对常见植物甾醇代谢利用研究

亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furndcalis G.在缺少甾醇的饲料上不能正常生长发育,能通过脱烷基化作用将△⁵-植物甾醇,如谷甾醇和豆甾醇脱去支链上的烷基变成胆甾醇加以利用,而对△⁷-烯甾烷醇的代谢则有困难。     

Oviposition deterrents from the egg masses of the adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis and Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis

Bioassays using gravid females of the adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis (Walker), and the Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), showed that the presence of an egg mass of a conspecific deters oviposition. Volatile chemicals emanating from the egg mass were responsible for the deterrence, and these deterrents could be extracted from the egg mass with hexane. When fractionated using a Sep‐Pak® Plus NH₂ cartridge, the deterrents were eluted with a 98 : 2 mixture of diethyl ether and acetic acid (polar lipid fraction). The polar lipid fraction contained free fatty acids with 14–20 carbons, and palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid were predominant. A blend of all identified fatty acids, a blend of six major fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids), a blend of the two Z‐9‐alkenoic acids (palmitoleic and oleic acids), palmitoleic acid alone, and oleic acid alone showed deterrence against O. scapulalis which was comparable to that provoked by the full egg extract. The dose‐dependency of the deterrent effects of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid was verified in O. scapulalis. The binary blend of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid was also confirmed to deter oviposition in O. furnacalis.     

Inheritance of photoperiodic induction of larval diapause in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis

The Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) enters facultative diapause as fully‐developed larvae in response to short‐day conditions. As a consequence of geographical variation in photoperiodic response, moths from Nanchang (28°46′N, 115°50′E) enter diapause in response to short day‐lengths (D strain), even at the high temperatures whereas moths from Ledong (18°47′N, 108°89′E) exhibit almost no diapause under the same conditions (N strain). In the present study, crosses between the two strains are used to evaluate the inheritance of diapause under different photoperiods at temperatures of 22, 25 and 28 °C. The moths, both reciprocal crosses and backcrosses, show a clear long‐day response, similar to that of the D strain, suggesting that the photoperiodic response controlling diapause in this moth is heritable. However, the critical day‐length for induction of diapause is shorter in hybrids than in the D strain. The N strain also shows a short‐day photoperiodic response at the lower temperature of 22 °C, indicating that the N strain still has the capacity to enter a photoperiodically‐induced diapause, depending on the rearing temperature. The incidence of diapause in all crosses is highest with D strain fathers or grandfathers and lowest with N strain fathers or grandfathers, indicating that the male parent has significantly more influence on the incidence of diapause of subsequent progeny than the female. The results obtained from all crosses under LD 12 : 12 h or LD 13 : 11 h photocycles at 25 °C show that inheritance of diapause in O. furnacalis does not fit an additive hypothesis and that the capacity for diapause is transmitted genetically in the manner of incomplete dominance.     

一种快速鉴别亚洲玉米螟蛹雌雄的方法

报道了一种采用体视镜和三维显微镜对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)蛹雌雄进行外部形态学观察,快速准确通过外部形态特征区分玉米螟蛹雌雄的方法。结果表明,雌蛹生殖孔与产卵孔连接成1条短裂缝且都位于第8腹节,生殖孔与第7腹节后缘相连;雄蛹生殖孔位于第9腹节,距离第7腹节后缘约390μm。根据羽化后成虫鉴定结果,此方法鉴定准确率为100%。     

Factors influencing parasitism of Trichogramma dendrolimi on eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

Laboratory studies were made to determine the capacity of Trichogramma dendrolimi to parasitize eggs of Ostrinia furnacalis, as affected by the rearing host species, substrate of host eggs, host age, original locality of host populations, and cold storage of host eggs. Wasps reared from eggs of Antheraea pernyi showed parasitic capacity on eggs of O. furnacalis on average twice as high as that of the wasps reared from eggs of Corcyra cephalonica. When the age of O. furnacalis eggs at 26 °C increased from 0–6 h to 18–24 h, the proportion of wasps that successfully parasitized host eggs, the number of host eggs parasitized, and the rate of parasitization all decreased by >50%. The number of O. furnacalis eggs parasitized per female T. dendrolimi increased with the number of host eggs available, and reached 22.9 in a 24 h period. However, the parasitic capacity of female T. dendrolimi on eggs of O. furnacalis laid on plant leaves was similar to that of O. furnacalis eggs laid on wax paper. Levels of parasitism of O. furnacalis eggs from two widely separated localities, i.e. Changchun (43.50° N, 125.20° E) and Hangzhou (30.18° N, 120.07° E), were similar. Cold storage of O. furnacalis eggs at 4 °C for 5 days did not affect parasitization. Results obtained in this study indicate that although O. furnacalis is a less preferred and less suitable host than many other hosts, such as Dendrolimus punctatus, Actias selene ningpoane, Philosamia cynthia, A. pernyi, C. cephalonica, within the host-species range of T. dendrolimi, the parasitoid has the potential to achieve 50–60% or even higher rates of parasitization of O. furnacalis eggs in corn fields under suitable conditions, and could be used in the biological control of the pest.     

Seasonal and geographical variation in diapause and cold hardiness of the Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis

Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a key corn pest in the Asian‐Western Pacific countries. It overwinters as full‐grown larvae in plant stalks or in a spun‐silk covering located in the plant debris in the temperate regions of China. Supercooling point (SCP) and survival rate after low sub‐zero temperature treatment were assessed for field‐collected populations in the laboratory using a cool bath with a 1°C/min cooling rate until ?40°C. Mean SCPs were varied among geographical populations, with a significant decline from ?22.7°C of Haikou, the multivoltine tropical population in the south, to ?28.5°C of Gongzhuling, the univoltine temperate population in the northeast of China. In addition, there was more than 1°C difference in SCP between Gongzhuling univoltine and bivoltine populations that were from the same geographic origin. Mean SCPs of the Guangzhou population fluctuated over the year, with significantly lower SCPs in winter than in other seasons, which correlated with a significantly higher proportion of diapausing larvae in winter than in other seasons. Over 41% of overwintering larvae from the northeast population could withstand to be supercooled for a few minutes to the low sub‐zero temperature of ?40°C, but only 6.7% of their southern counterparts did so. The findings from this study suggest that O. furnacalis mostly takes advantage of freeze avoidance as diapausing larvae for overwintering in the southern region, whereas it exhibits freeze tolerance in diapause in the northeastern region.     

苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和繁殖的效用

为全面评价苯甲酰脲类(BPUs)杀虫剂对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)的持续控制作用,采用叶片浸渍法,测定氟啶脲、除虫脲、氟铃脲和虱螨脲对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,经4种BPUs处理后,亚洲玉米螟存活幼虫的历期延长了2.4～4.3d,平均单头雌、雄蛹重分别减轻了10.3～13.2mg和0～7.7mg,幼虫化蛹率和成虫交配成功率分别下降了14.1%～43.3%和5.6%～25.6%,产卵量降低了25.5%～53.3%,但卵孵化率没有明显改变。亚洲玉米螟雌、雄蛾吸食蔗糖水药液后,成虫寿命增加了1.3～4.3d,产卵量下降40.3%～58.2%,卵孵化率降低了32.9%～64.3%,F1代幼虫死亡率是对照组的3.5～8.5倍,表明苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂显著抑制了亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长发育和成虫的繁殖力。     

亚洲玉米螟幼虫体内保幼激素二醇激酶cDNA片段克隆与序列分析

为研究亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)幼虫体内保幼激素二醇激酶(JHDK)表达调控的分子机理,根据不同昆虫保幼激素二醇激酶基因序列的保守区域,设计合成简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术从亚洲玉米螟5龄幼虫中扩增出一段cDNA片段,大小为189bp,编码63个氨基酸,预测分子量为6.78ku,理论等电点pI值为4.57。该基因序列中含有保守的GTP结合蛋白特征指纹基序∑3和∑1。BlastP分析结果表明:该片段氨基酸序列与烟草天蛾JHDK氨基酸序列的一致性最高,为69%;与家蚕和小菜蛾JHDK氨基酸序列的一致性分别为55%和52%。构建系统发育树分析了3种鳞翅目昆虫JHDK进化关系,结果显示:亚洲玉米螟cDNA片段氨基酸序列与家蚕JHDK的亲缘关系最近,与小菜蛾JHDK的亲缘关系最远。半定量PCR结果表明:JHDK基因在中肠中表达量最高,随着5龄幼虫的发育,JHDK基因在血细胞、脂肪体和体壁组织中表达量有下降趋势,但在中肠组织中表达量明显增强。     

亚洲玉米螟不同地理种群基于COⅠ基因序列初步分析

本研究通过对我国亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)6个地理种群的线粒体DNACOⅠ基因进行测序,运用分子进化遗传分析软件MEGA5对序列进行对比和同源性分析,并建立系统发育关系。结果表明,COⅠ基因在6个地理种群中进化具有一定的差异,平均遗传距离为0.013;进化树显示,亚洲玉米螟的三亚种群、广州种群与南昌种群聚为一支,然后与泰安种群聚为一支,再与哈尔滨种群聚为一支;而廊坊种群另聚成一支。遗传分歧度与系统发育进化关系均表明不同地理种群的遗传分化与地理距离之间具有一定的相关性。     

甜玉米地亚洲玉米螟为害的生态控制系统研究

利用自然种群生命表方法 ,研究了甜玉米品种抗虫性差异 ,斯氏线虫、玉米螟赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟种群系统的生态控制 ,根据不同卵量水平初步组建了第 5代亚洲玉米螟生态控制系统。结果得出 :亚洲玉米螟为害的生态控制系统由人工生态控制系统和自然控制系统两大部分组成 ,主要通过调控人工生态控制系统中的生态控制措施来达到生态控制目标。当甜玉米品种为穗甜 2号 ,卵密度为 18(块 / 10 0株 )时 ,不采取人为生态控制措施即可控制亚洲玉米螟的为害 ,即在人工生态控制系统内 ,利用穗甜 2号对亚洲玉米螟的抗性即可达到生态控制目标 ;当甜玉米品种为粤甜 1号 ,卵密度为 18或 35 (块 / 10 0株 )时 ,在人工生态控制系统内释放玉米螟赤眼蜂或撒施线虫颗粒剂均可达到生态控制目标 ;当甜玉米品种为粤甜 1号 ,卵密度为 6 2 (块 / 10 0株 )时 ,则要在人工生态控制系统内同时释放玉米螟赤眼蜂和撒施线虫颗粒剂 ,才能达到生态控制目标。通过生态控制系统的建立 ,为甜玉米的无公害化生产提供了一条切实可行的害虫控制途径     

取食转Bt基因抗虫玉米后亚洲玉米螟幼虫中肠的组织病理变化

利用透射显微镜（TEM）观察亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)幼虫取食了表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白的转Bt基因玉米心叶组织后中肠的组织病理变化, 以探讨转Bt基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟的致病机理, 为其合理、安全和持续利用提供理论依据。结果表明：亚洲玉米螟取食Bt玉米后中肠细胞及其细胞器发生了明显的病变。取食Bt玉米12 h后中肠细胞开始病变, 首先微绒毛脱落、内质网开始肿胀, 24 h后内质网肿胀、增多, 杯状细胞杯腔增大, 48 h后微绒毛大量脱落, 细胞开始空泡化, 随着取食时间的增加, 细胞空泡化程度加剧, 在感染前期细胞间的病变程度差异较大。微绒毛脱落、内质网肿胀断裂是在多数取食Bt玉米的亚洲玉米螟中肠细胞发生的普遍病变。由此表明, 人工修饰的Cry1Ab基因导入到玉米染色体组中所表达的杀虫蛋白可使玉米螟幼虫中肠细胞发生病变, 最终导致其死亡。     

亚洲玉米螟滞育诱导外源性因子研究

研究了食料、温度、光周期等外源性因子对亚洲螟滞育的影响,试验证明,食料性质对其滞育诱导影响显著,取食玉米雌的幼虫以滞育诱导光周反应的敏感性强于取食棉铃的幼虫,在一定范围内,食料中可溶性糖含量增加可促进幼虫的滞育诱导,而粗蛋白含量的增加则具有抑制滞育诱导的作用,两者的互作效应不显著。高温抑制滞育诱导,你 促进滞育诱导。短光周对幼虫的滞育诱导无特定的敏感龄期,但以３龄与２龄对短光周刺激敏感性较强,包光     

亚洲玉米螟酚氧化酶原的原核表达和性质分析

【目的】昆虫体内酚氧化酶原（PPO）是一种重要的天然免疫蛋白,参与昆虫的体液免疫和细胞免疫过程。本研究采用原核表达体系,大量表达可溶且具有活性的重组PPO蛋白,可用于各种酚氧化酶（PO）抑制剂的筛选,从而为创制抑制昆虫免疫系统的新型杀虫剂提供条件。【方法】利用从亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis 5龄幼虫体内克隆获得PPO基因,构建了pET-28b-PPO原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli中重组表达了亚洲玉米螟PPO蛋白;采用Ni-NAT亲和层析柱快速纯化目的蛋白,进行了Western杂交鉴定;测定分析了重组PPO蛋白激活为PO后的酶学性质以及不同金属离子（Mg²⁺,Cu²⁺和Fe²⁺）对PPO二级结构的影响。【结果】融合蛋白PPO得到了表达和纯化。重组PPO蛋白激活为PO后最适反应温度为30℃,最适pH为7.2,以L-DOPA为底物时PO催化反应的V_max为140.8 U/mg·min,Km为2.96 mmol/L。Fe²⁺存在的情况下重组PPO蛋白中β-折叠结构成分显著增加至53.7%±4.6%,α-螺旋结构成分则显著下降至2.6%±1.2%（P<0.05）;有Mg2+存在的情况下,重组PPO蛋白中β-折叠结构成分显著下降,α-螺旋结构成分稍有上升。有Cu²⁺存在的情况下,重组PPO蛋白中β-折叠结构成分显著下降为10.0%±1.6%,而α-螺旋结构成分则上升至35.3%±6.9%。【结论】结果说明不同金属离子对重组PPO蛋白的二级结构有显著影响。     

亚洲玉米螟成虫寿命与繁殖力的地理差异

为探明亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis繁殖力的地理差异,比较了亚洲玉米螟5个不同地理种群海南乐东(LD)、江西南昌(NC)、山东泰安(TA)、河北廊坊(LF)和黑龙江哈尔滨(HEB)的成虫寿命、产卵历期、产卵量,并分析了这些参数与各种群地理纬度的关系.成虫寿命随纬度升高而延长,从南到北各种群雌虫寿命分别为10.20、13.68、13.90、13.95 d和16.40 d,雄虫寿命分别为8.35、12.50、13.62、13.71 d和14.30 d;产卵历期随纬度升高而延长,从南到北各种群分别为7.45、10.45、11.90、10.62d和13.15 d;产卵量随纬度升高而增大,乐东产卵量显著低于其他种群,从南到北各种群产卵量分别为351.55、500.09、522.90、546.76粒和577.95粒/雌.这些研究结果初步揭示了亚洲玉米螟繁殖略策的地理差异.