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1.
【目的】为揭示南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard)与其寄主相互作用的机理, 为利用诱导抗性控制南美斑潜蝇的发生为害奠定必要的基础。【方法】本文采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和超高效液相色谱法-质谱联用法(UPLC MS), 分别测定了南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害对黄瓜叶片中茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)和水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)的诱导作用。【结果】南美斑潜蝇幼虫持续为害1 d后, 受害黄瓜叶片内JA含量即显著高于健康对照, 轻度受害处理和重度受害处理分别在第3天和第5天上升幅度最大, 分别比健康对照增加2.01倍和1.62倍; 而SA含量在3 d后才显著高于健康对照, 轻度受害处理和重度受害处理在第9天上升幅度最大, 分别比健康对照增加4.66倍和1.67倍; 轻度受害对JA和SA的系统诱导作用不明显, 而重度受害对JA和SA具有明显的系统诱导作用。【结论】南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害对黄瓜叶片内JA和SA具有诱导作用。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis为我国重要的入侵害虫,我们于2017年7月首次发现其已扩散至西藏。本研究旨在了解西藏地区南美斑潜蝇的发生现状及其寄生蜂种类。【方法】2017和2018年6月上旬-9月中旬对西藏拉萨、林芝、山南和日喀则4个地区的南美斑潜蝇的发生危害及其寄生蜂组成进行了调查采样。【结果】调查的西藏这4个地区均发现南美斑潜蝇分布和危害;温室发生时间为6月上旬-9月中旬,而露地的发生高峰在7月下旬-8月上旬。其寄主植物有9科21种,主要有豆科(Fabaceae)、茄科(Solanaceae)和伞形科(Umbelliferae)等,主要嗜好经济作物有豇豆Vigna unguiculata, 扁豆Lablab purpureus , 莴笋Lactuca sativa var. angustana和白菜Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis。其寄生蜂包括姬小蜂科(Eulophidae)、茧蜂科(Braconidae)和瘿蜂科(Cynipidae)共计3科9属16种,分别为双斑潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus bimaculatus, 豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea, 小斑潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus minoeus, 万氏潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus wani, Diglyphus sp., 纵纹瑟姬小蜂Cirrospilus vittatus, Hemiptarsenus sp., 芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa, 底比斯姬小蜂Chrysocharis pentheus, 普金姬小蜂Chrysocharis pubicornis, Chrysocharis sp., 潜蝇柄腹姬小蜂Pediobius metallicus, Pnigalio sp., 西伯利亚离颚茧蜂Dacnusa sibirica, Dacnusa sp.和Gronotoma sp.;其中优势种为西伯利亚离颚茧蜂、双斑潜蝇姬小蜂和豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂,其个体数量占比分别为总采集个体数的48.7%, 22.1%和12.9%。【结论】西藏南美斑潜蝇的寄生蜂种类丰富,发挥着重要的自然控制作用。建议进一步加强优势寄生蜂生物学、控害潜力评价以及利用研究,为南美斑潜蝇的绿色防控提供指导。  相似文献   

3.
南美斑潜蝇在山东发生危害的特点观察   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过室内饲养及田间调查了解南美斑潜蝇的发生危害特点。结果表明 ,雌虫并非一定将卵产在取食孔内 ;当粗潜道形成时 ,潜道数和幼虫数不一致 ;幼虫在不同寄主植物上取食危害的症状不同 ,其化蛹部位也不同。  相似文献   

4.
Abstract:  Olfactometer and feeding/oviposition preference tests were carried out to study if host plant preference in two agromyzid leafminers, Liriomyza trifolii and Liriomyza huidobrensis , is influenced by pre-imaginal or imaginal experience, and at what level (host plant species, host plant variety or host age). It was found that the choice of host plant species (potato or tomato) and host plant variety had a pre-imaginal component, which could be reinforced (or modified) by an imaginal component. On the other hand, preference for potato leaves of different ages did not appear to be based on either pre-imaginal or imaginal factors, but resulted from differential performance and oviposition preference. The Hopkins' host selection principle appears to operate in these leafminers at the level of host species, and to some extent at the level of host variety, but not with respect to host age.  相似文献   

5.
南美斑潜蝇取食和产卵行为研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
在室内用菜豆和蚕豆作为寄主植物饲养南美斑潜蝇Liriomyzahuidobrensis (Blanchard) ,观察其取食和产卵习性 ,测量出南美斑潜蝇在这两种作物上的取食孔、取食斑、产卵孔及卵的大小。研究表明 :南美斑潜蝇主要在叶片正面取食 ,在叶片背面产卵 ;南美斑潜蝇在蚕豆和菜豆上取食斑的数量与卵粒数无相关性。  相似文献   

6.
    
The parasitoid Gronotoma adachiae is reported from Vietnam for the first time. The vegetable leaf miner Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a new host record. The G. adachiae specimens collected in Yunnan Province are the second record of this parasitoid from China.  相似文献   

7.
LeWRKY1基因的克隆及分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了番茄LeWRKY1 cDNA(Genbank登录号为FJ654265)全长,用生物信息学的方法对其进行分析,预测其编码的蛋白的定位和功能。同时利用Northern杂交技术分析了JA(jasmonic acid)或SA(salicylic acid)刺激时LeWRKY1在野生型番茄和番茄JA不敏感突变体jail(JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1)及番茄JA生物合成突变体spr2(prosystemin-mediated responses2)中的表达情况。LeWRKY1 cDNA序列全长1 740 bp,阅读框1 083 bp。生物信息学分析表明LeWRKY1含有1个WRKY结构域和1个C_2H_2型锌指结构。LeWRKY1可能是一种定位于细胞核的DNA结合蛋白,并可能具有转录调控、信号传导功能。表达分析推测LeWRKY1的表达是JA依赖而非SA依赖性的,且LeWRKY1的表达不依赖于生物体内JA的从头合成。  相似文献   

8.
    
Solar UV‐B radiation has been reported to enhance plant defenses against herbivore insects in many species. However, the mechanism and traits involved in the UV‐B mediated increment of plant resistance are unknown in crops species, such as soybean. Here, we studied defense‐related responses in undamaged and Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae‐damaged leaves of two soybean cultivars grown under attenuated or full solar UV‐B radiation. We determined changes in jasmonates, ethylene (ET), salicylic acid, trypsin protease inhibitor activity, flavonoids, and mRNA expression of genes related with defenses. ET emission induced by Anticarsia gemmatalis damage was synergistically increased in plants grown under solar UV‐B radiation and was positively correlated with malonyl genistin concentration, trypsin proteinase inhibitor activity and expression of IFS2, and the pathogenesis protein PR2, while was negatively correlated with leaf consumption. The precursor of ET, aminocyclopropane‐carboxylic acid, applied exogenously to soybean was sufficient to strongly induce leaf isoflavonoids. Our results showed that in field‐grown soybean isoflavonoids were regulated by both herbivory and solar UV‐B inducible ET, whereas flavonols were regulated by solar UV‐B radiation only and not by herbivory or ET. Our study suggests that, although ET can modulate UV‐B‐mediated priming of inducible plant defenses, some plant defenses, such as isoflavonoids, are regulated by ET alone.  相似文献   

9.
南美斑潜蝇蛹期的生物学特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张忠  李子忠 《昆虫知识》2002,39(3):215-219
南美斑潜蝇Liriomyzahuidobrensis在 1 5 ,2 0 ,2 5 ,30 ,35℃时 ,其蛹的历期分别为 34 5 ,1 5 8,1 0 1 ,7 2d ,而在 35℃时则不能正常羽化。土壤相对含水量为 30 %~ 90 %均比较适合南美斑潜蝇蛹的发育 ,就死亡率而言 ,它们之间没有显著差异。浸水处理表明 ,南美斑潜蝇的预蛹及蛹的初期和末期对浸水比较敏感 ,死亡率均达到 90 %以上 ,而处于中间期的蛹对浸水相对不敏感。田间调查和室内饲养均发现 ,南美斑潜蝇在 1 2时以前的化蛹个数占 1d总化蛹个数的 90 %以上 ,而 1 4时以前的羽化数占 1d总羽化数的 99%以上。南美斑潜蝇化蛹的场所在不同时期不同的蔬菜上有所不同 ,越冬时主要是以蛹在越冬寄主田的土壤中越冬 ,在生长季节 ,除了在菜豆的叶片反面化蛹外 ,其它蔬菜上则是在土壤和下部叶鞘上化蛹。  相似文献   

10.
温、湿度对南美斑潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇羽化的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
在实验条件下 ,研究了温湿度对南美斑潜蝇Liriomgzahuidobrensis和美洲斑潜蝇Liriomgzasativae羽化的影响。结果表明 ,温度对 2种斑潜蝇日羽化节律有显著的影响。随温度的升高 ,成虫的日羽化时段相应缩短 ,日羽化高峰期相应提前。且 2种斑潜蝇的羽化均集中在 1 2 :0 0之前。 2种斑潜蝇羽化所需要的最适温度 :南美斑潜蝇为 2 0℃ ,美洲斑潜蝇为 2 5℃ ;羽化所需要的最适相对湿度 :南美斑潜蝇为90 % ,美洲斑潜蝇为 1 0 0 %。  相似文献   

11.
岳德成  鲍国军 《昆虫知识》2006,43(2):239-241
系统观察结果表明,南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis(Blanchard)在平凉市日光温室蔬菜全生产期内的种群消长明显呈“两头高中间低”的态势,成虫发生量以春夏生产期最大,可达2.1头/叶;深冬生产期最小,仅为0.1~0.2头/叶;秋冬生产期较大,保持在1.0~1.2头/叶之间。温室内温、湿度条件的变化是引起该虫种群数量波动的主要原因。根据有效积温计算结果,该虫在平凉市日光温室蔬菜全生产期发生9.1代,世代平均发育速率0.030,不同生产期的发生代数和发育速率差异较大。生产上宜采取“前控后治中间松”的防治策略。  相似文献   

12.
    
Control of the widely distributed pest Liriomyza huidobrensis, is complicated due to the protected habit of the leafmining larvae, and their resistance to insecticides. The effects of Melia azedarach, (Meliaceae) fruit extracts against adults and larvae of L. huidobrensis, were investigated. In the laboratory, leaves of Cucurbita, sp. infested with first and third instar larvae were treated with different extract solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing‐spread of adults, were ssessed. Female adult behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba, crop was sprayed four times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival, while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects. In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract treatment, suggesting a selective activity.  相似文献   

13.
南美斑潜蝇成虫的生物学特性与行为   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
邹立  魏佳宁 《动物学研究》1998,19(5):384-388
通过室内饲养观察及野外调查,研究了昆明地区南美斑潜蝇(Liriomyza huidobrensis)成虫的生物学特性,包括羽化、日活动规律、寿命、求偶与交配、取食和产卵。通过观察成虫的行为,发现雄虫在求偶过程中用腿节摩擦腹部摩擦器以吸引雌虫交配。在较高的种群密度下,雄虫之间在交配过程中表现出强较的攻击性。雌虫在搜索寄主时利用跗节、产卵器和喙上的感受器对寄主植物进行探查和评估。本研究的结果为斑潜蝇的  相似文献   

14.
This study aims to investigate the role of Paenibacillus terrae AY-38 to produce bioactive metabolites and to counteract pathogenic infections caused by B. cinerea. The pure culture of P. terrae (AY-38) showed the secretion of significant amount of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) (109.57?±?3.2?µg?mL?1). The AY-38 strain also produced siderophore and glucanase, while in the in vitro test, it showed significant antagonism to Botrytis cinerea. In the in vivo plant experiment, the sole application of AY-38 significantly improved plant growth (plant height and leaf area), while in B. cinerea infected plants, AY-38 inoculation not only decreased the disease incidence on leaves and fruits but also reprogramed the plants for higher growth. AY-38 treatments promoted and rescued plant growth by modulating the defence responses of endogenous hormones, such as jasmonic and salicylic acids. Our findings concluded that P. terrae possesses great potential as a possible biocontrol agent against B. cinerea-induced pathogenic infections.  相似文献   

15.
    
Field trials were conducted for 2 yr on celery (Apium graveolens L.) to determine the effects of two translaminar insecticides (abamectin and cyromazine) on the agromyzid leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), and the eulophid parasitoid, Diglyphus isaea Walker. Abamectin and cyromazine were applied once early in the growing season by spray or drip application. Yellow sticky traps and leaf samples were used to monitor population levels; a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer was used to monitor cyromazine residues within the celery plants during 1 yr. Spray applications of abamectin and cyromazine significantly reduced larval leafminers and D. isaea. Contrary to grower practices, application of cyromazine by drip irrigation systems had minor effects on larval leafminer and D. isaea as compared to spray application. Cyromazine residues in the plants treated by spray application declined sharply after 1 wk, and no residues were detected 2 wk after application; less than 0.05 ppm cyromazine residues were detected in plants treated by drip application. Implications of these results on management practices are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
    
The salicylic acid (SA)-induction deficient (sid) mutants of Arabidopsis, eds5 and sid2 accumulate normal amounts of camalexin after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), while transgenic NahG plants expressing an SA hydroxylase that degrades SA have reduced levels of camalexin and exhibit a higher susceptibility to different pathogens compared to the sid mutants. SID2 encodes an isochorismate synthase necessary for the synthesis of SA. NahG was shown to act epistatically to the sid mutant phenotype regarding accumulation of camalexin after inoculation with Pst in eds5NahG and sid2NahG plants. The effect of the pad4 mutation on the sid mutant phenotype was furthermore tested in eds5pad4 and sid2pad4 double mutants, and it was demonstrated that PAD4 acts epistatically to EDS5 and SID2 regarding the production of camalexin after inoculation with Pst. NahG plants and pad4 mutants were also found to produce less ethylene (ET) after infection with Pst in comparison to the wild type (WT) and sid mutants. Both PAD4 and NahG acted epistatically to SID regarding the Pst-dependent production of ET that was found to be necessary for the accumulation of camalexin. Early production of jasmonic acid (JA) 12 h after inoculation with Pst/avrRpt2 was absent in all plants expressing NahG compared to the other mutants tested here. These genetic studies unravel pleiotropic changes in defence signalling of NahG plants that are unlikely to result from their low SA content. This adds unexpected difficulties in the interpretation of earlier findings based solely on NahG plants.  相似文献   

17.
南美斑潜蝇发育起点温度和有效积温的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
在恒温条件下 ,观察了不同温度对南美斑潜蝇LiriomyzahuidobrensisBlanchard生长发育的影响 ,并用直线回归法测得卵、幼虫、蛹和全世代的发育起点温度分别为 7 2℃ ,7 4℃ ,7 7℃和 7 5℃ ,有效积温分别为 4 0 8,98 6 ,1 4 0 5和 2 79 9日·度  相似文献   

18.
三叶斑潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇是广东地区发生和危害比较严重的两种蔬菜潜叶蝇,通过对两种斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂空间生态位的调查研究表明,发现两种斑潜蝇的生态位宽度受寄主影响各有不同,与其寄生蜂的生态位重叠值较小。底比斯釉姬小蜂Chysocharis pentheus(Walker)、冈崎灿姬小蜂Chysonotomyia okazakii(Kamijo)和丽灿姬小蜂Chysonotomyia formosa(Westwood)生态位宽度值相近且均高于其它寄生蜂,分布较其它三种寄生蜂广,三种寄生蜂对斑潜蝇的寄生跟随作用较强;甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂Opius dimidiatus(Ashmead)、黄潜蝇釉姬小蜂Chysocharis oscinidis Ashmead和异角亨姬小蜂Hemiptarenus varicornis(Girault)的时间生态位宽度值(B’i)均小于0.1,在大田中发生的跨度范围很窄,具有季节集中性。三叶斑潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇的种间竞争,表现在对寄主资源的占有和掠夺上具有一定的竞争性,这也是田间三叶斑潜蝇种群数量一直高于美洲斑潜蝇的主要原因之一。  相似文献   

19.
20.
20℃下后熟果实的LOX活性增加先于自由基产生和乙烯生成;JA处理对果实后熟软化启动期(采后1d)和果实快速软化期(采后5d)果实切片中的LOX活性、自由基产生和乙烯生物合成有促进作用,至果实软化后期(采后7d)这种效应消失;亚油酸只在采后1d果实切片中促使LOX活性和乙烯生成;SA处理抑制了果实后熟进程中组织切片的LOX活性、自由基产生和乙烯的生物合成;SA和JA对LOX活性和乙烯生物合成具有明显的拮抗作用。  相似文献   

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