不同人为干扰下纳帕海湖滨湿地植被及土壤退化特征

以滇西北高原纳帕海湖滨退化湿地为研究对象,对比分析了人为隔断水源补给、牛羊过度放牧和家猪拱地三种人为干扰下湿地植被和土壤退化特征。结果表明：三种干扰方式下,纳帕海湖滨湿地植物群落类型多样性、物种丰富度、物种数、Shannon-Wiener指数、沼生植物重要值以及土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、含水率、毛管孔隙度变化规律为：人为隔断水源补给＞牛羊过度放牧＞家猪拱地,而土壤容重和全钾含量变化规律完全相反。Pearson相关性分析表明,不同人为干扰下相同土壤指标之间相关性质和相关强度不同;CCA分析表明植物群落种类组成和分布与土壤含水率和全磷含量显著相关。以原生湿地样点为对照,人为隔断水源补给、牛羊过度放牧和家猪拱地样带土壤退化指数分别为-7.40%、-14.53%、-45.01%。认为纳帕海湖滨湿地退化是三种干扰协同作用结果,但作用程度不同,其顺序为家猪拱地＞牛羊过度放牧＞人为隔断水源补给。     

长期耕种对江苏沿海围垦区滨海盐土理化性质和小麦产量的影响

江苏沿海地区拥有丰富的滩涂资源滩涂围垦长期以来为国家提供了大量土地利用后备资源,而耕地又是其围垦后最主要的土地利用方式之一。利用实验室土壤理化分析调查江苏东台滩涂围垦区耕种60a内耕地土壤理化属性及对应小麦产量的变化。结果表明:(1)在58a的耕种过程中耕地土壤整体表现出脱盐、脱碱和养分积累的的趋势土壤电导率(EC_(1:5))、pH_(1:2.5)由耕种前的5.29dS/m和8.76下降至0.11dS/m和7.93,土壤有机质(SOM)和全氮(TN)则由2.64g/kg和0.15g/kg上升至13.72g/kg和1.12g/kg;(2)土壤碱解氮(AH-N)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)受施肥和作物生长影响强烈,除AK持续流失外,AHN和AP均表现出先增长后减少的趋势;(3)土壤碳氮比(C/N)和阳离子交换量(CEC)在耕种15-53a经历了剧烈波动,反应出此期间该地区土壤的脆弱性,除AK外,各土壤理化指标均在耕种53a后开始影响20cm以下的深层土壤;(4)随着土壤环境的改善,小麦产量的上升经历了快速增产(0—15a)、波动中产(15—53a)和稳定高产(53a以上)3个阶段,在耕种53年后可达到该品种小麦(扬麦16)正常产量。虽然高强度的农业开发使土壤质量和小麦产量的都有了大幅提升,但耕种0—40年间所表现出的土壤环境的剧烈变化和波动,以及化肥投入与小麦产量之间不对应所可能导致的生态系统问题却应当引起重视,为日后的农业开发提供参考依据。     

沿黄地区盐碱地种植水稻土壤理化性质的比较

土壤盐碱化是一个世界性的问题,中国盐渍土面积为3. 47×105 km2(不包括滨海滩涂) [1]. 陕西省沿黄地区分布有大面积盐碱地,该地区土地利用率极低. 盐碱地治理通常采用水利工程、化学改良和生物改良等措施[2-4] ,植物改良技术因具有费用少、见效快以及在改善大面积盐碱土的同时能获得经济效益等优点而受到广泛关注. 已有的在盐碱地区种植水稻(Oryza sativa Linn.)的研究集中在不同改良剂对盐碱地的改良效果及对水稻产量的影响,盐分胁迫对水稻生长的影响以及作物收获还田后对盐碱地的改良等方面[5-7]. Hussain等[8]研究了水稻在盐碱地的耐盐机制;罗新正等[9]认为,连续多年采用种稻模式进行单纯性洗排盐碱可明显降低松嫩平原盐碱地表层土壤的含盐量.     

腾格里沙漠固沙植被区蚂蚁群落分布特征及其对土壤理化性质的影响

为了阐明固沙过程中蚂蚁群落结构分布特征及其对土壤性质的影响,在腾格里沙漠固沙植被区选取流动沙地以及5 a、8 a、34 a和57 a固沙植被区为研究样地,对不同样地蚂蚁群落的个体数、类群数以及蚁丘内外土壤理化性质进行测定,进而分析了不同样地蚂蚁群落分布特征及其与土壤因子间的关系。结果表明:(1)固沙植被区蚂蚁群落中的优势类群为掘穴蚁(Formica cunicularia),个体数占比为78.87%。(2)57 a固沙植被区蚂蚁密度显著低于8 a和34 a固沙植被区(P < 0.05);5 a固沙植被区蚂蚁类群数显著低于其他植被区(P < 0.05)。(3)57 a固沙植被区蚁丘中土壤含水量、土壤黏粒和土壤全钾显著高于非蚁丘,而土壤电导率和土壤粉粒显著低于非蚁丘(P < 0.05)。8 a和57 a固沙植被区蚁丘中土壤pH显著高于非蚁丘,8 a固沙植被区蚁丘中土壤有机碳显著高于非蚁丘,8 a和34 a固沙植被区蚁丘中土壤全氮显著高于非蚁丘(P < 0.05)。(4)蚂蚁群落组成与土壤粒径、电导率、pH、有机碳、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量的相关关系显著;偏RDA 结果表明,蚂蚁类群数是影响固沙区土壤理化性质的主要限制因子。综合表明,腾格里沙漠不同固沙年限植被区蚂蚁群落组成差异较大,更丰富的蚂蚁群落有利于改善土壤质地,促进土壤理化性质向良好的方向发展,对实现荒漠生态系统恢复起到推进作用。     

古尔班通古特沙漠生物土壤结皮下土壤有机碳垂直分布特征及影响因素

为了探究沙漠不同生物土壤结皮类型覆盖下土壤有机碳(SOC)垂直分布特征及与土壤理化因素的关系,解析影响因素,以古尔班通古特沙漠腹地藻类、藓类生物土壤结皮和裸沙三种不同地被覆盖类型为研究对象,通过野外采集不同类型结皮样品及其下层0-2 cm、2-5 cm、5-10 cm、10-20 cm、20 -30 cm、30-50 cm、50-70 cm以及70-100 cm土层土壤(裸沙对照),测定不同土层的SOC含量及土壤理化指标,开展相关研究。结果表明:(1)不同地被类型下0-100 cm SOC含量随着土壤深度增加呈减小的趋势,在10-30 cm 土层存在SOC含量升高的现象,藓类、藻类和裸沙三种地被类型0-100 cm土层SOC含量范围分别在:1.61-2.70、1.41-2.56、1.21-1.92 g/kg;(2)不同地被类型下同一土层SOC含量在0-5 cm土层存在显著差异,5-100 cm土层SOC整体无显著差异,同层SOC含量均表现为:藓类>藻类>裸沙对照;(3)Pearson法分析结果表明不同地被覆盖下SOC含量与养分(全氮、全磷)呈现正相关关系,与pH和电导率(EC)呈现负相关关系。通过结构方程模型结果表明,土壤养分和粒径(砂粒占比)是影响垂直分布的主要因子,其中粒径是裸沙和藻类的最主要影响因子,藓类最重要的影响因子是养分(全磷)。生物土壤结皮的发育会逐步提高土壤碳的积累,改变SOC的垂直分布特征,对SOC的影响主要集中在5 cm以上土层,土壤理化特征对垂直分布特征具有调控作用。     

Effects of fire disturbance on the soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation of Pinus massoniana forest in south subtropical area

A variety of studies on the impact of fire disturbance on ecosystems has shown that the physical and chemical properties of soil after fire disturbance change notably. Meanwhile, little is known about the effects of different fire intensities on the soil properties and vegetation after fire disturbance, especially in the south subtropical area. In this paper, we analyzed the soil physical and chemical properties, vegetation species and species diversity of fire center, fire edge (which was burned a year ago) and non-burned Pinus massoniana plantation in Gaoyao, Guangdong province, China. The results showed that the soil conductivity, water content, total nitrogen, total potassium, and available potassium content of fire center were significantly higher than those of the non-burned land, and pH was higher than that of fire edge, whereas the available nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter content were much lower, which were generally existed in 0–10 cm soil layer and 10–30 cm soil layer. Changes of the soil properties of fire edge were similar with those of fire center, but less significant, and seemed to be more complex. Effects of burning on the vegetation of fire disturbance plots were found to be notable, species number and average height of plants of fire disturbance plots were lower than those of the non-burned plots, a difference of species diversity and uniformity were also shown, and finally, the composition of plant community also changed, e.g., pioneer species such as D. dichotoma, etc., dominated, and drought-resistant plants, heat-resistant plants and positive plants increased after burning.     

Relationships between anthropogenic disturbance,soil properties and plant invasion in endangered Cumberland Plain Woodland,Australia

Abstract Invasive exotic plants are a significant threat to areas of conservation value, with endangered ecological communities being especially vulnerable. We assessed the role of different anthropogenic disturbances in determining the success of exotic plants in the endangered Cumberland Plain Woodland community of western Sydney and examined the impact of these disturbances on soil characteristics that are likely to impact on vegetation, including total P, pH, water retention capacity, organic matter content and electrical conductivity. The disturbance types were: (i) land use incorporating clearing, agriculture and grazing by stock; (ii) creeks draining a developed catchment; and (iii) roads. Remnants that had been cleared and grazed had higher exotic and lower native species richness and cover than all other disturbance types. Areas that had been grazed but not cleared did not have more exotic species richness or cover than uncleared/ungrazed areas, thus retaining high conservation value. Areas within 2 m of a creek edge had higher exotic species richness and cover than areas further from the creek edge. Areas downslope of sealed roads had significantly higher exotic species richness and cover than areas below unsealed roads. No single soil attribute or combination of soil attributes was consistently able to account for variation in exotic species cover under the different disturbance types. Thus it appears that other factors such as site history and propagule pressure may be more important in determining exotic species success than soil characteristics alone, in this vegetation community.     

The Effects of Saline Water Drip Irrigation on Tomato Yield,Quality, and Blossom-End Rot Incidence --- A 3a Case Study in the South of China

Saline water resources are abundant in the coastal areas of south China. Most of these resources still have not been effectively utilized. A 3-year study on the effects of saline water irrigation on tomato yield, quality and blossom-end rot (BER) was conducted at different lower limits of soil matric potential (-10 kPa, -20 kPa, -30 kPa, -40 kPa and -50 kPa). Saline water differing in electrical conductivity (EC) (3 dS/m, 4 dS/m, 4.5 dS/m, 5 dS/m and 5.5 dS/m) was supplied to the plant after the seedling establishment. In all three years, irrigation water with 5.5 dS/m salinity reduced the maximum leaf area index (LAI_m) and chlorophyll content the most significantly when compared with other salinity treatments. However, compared with the control treatment (CK), a slight increase in LAI_m and chlorophyll content was observed with 3~4 dS/m salinity. Saline water improved tomato quality, including fruit density, soluble solid, total acid, vitamin C and the sugar-acid ratio. There was a positive relationship between the overall tomato quality and salinity of irrigation water, as analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The tomato yield decreased with increased salinity. The 5.5 dS/m treatment reduced the tomato yield (Y_t) by 22.4~31.1%, 12.6~28.0% and 11.7~27.3%, respectively in 2012, 2013 and 2014, compared with CK. Moreover, a significant (P≤0.01) coupling effect of salinity and soil matric potential on Y_t was detected. Saline water caused Y_t to increase more markedly when the lower limit of soil matric potential was controlled at a relatively lower level. The critical salinity level that produced significant increases in the BER_i was 3 dS/m~4 dS/m. Following the increase in BER_i under saline water irrigation, marketable tomato yield (Y_m) decreased by 8.9%~33.8% in 2012, 5.1%~30.4% in 2013 and 10.1%~32.3% in 2014 compared with CK. In terms of maintaining the Y_t and Y_m, the salinity of irrigation water should be controlled under 4 dS/m, and the lower limit of soil matric potential should be greater than -20 kPa.     

黄河三角洲滨海湿地地下水位变化对土壤种子库特征的影响

地下水位是影响湿地生态系统结构和功能的重要环境因子之一,然而其如何影响滨海湿地土壤种子库特征尚不清楚。通过地下水位控制试验,研究黄河三角洲滨海非潮汐湿地地下水位梯度（-20、-60、-100 cm）下,土壤种子库密度、物种多样性等特征,并通过土壤化学指标与对应的土壤种子库特征之间的通径分析,探讨地下水位深度变化对土壤种子库特征的影响机理。研究发现,在该区域秋季采样的土壤种子库中,碱蓬和盐地碱蓬的种子数量最多;地下水位变化对土壤种子库密度无显著影响,但对土壤种子库的物种组成影响较大,随着地下水位深度增加,多年生草本植物种类呈增加趋势。整体上,随着地下水位深度增加,土壤种子库的Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随之增大。主成分分析表明,土壤盐是影响黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤种子库组成特征的主导因素,贡献率为69.482%,土壤养分为次要影响因素,贡献率为23.710%,进一步通径分析表明,土壤水溶性盐总量对种子库物种多样性起到限制作用,同时,有效磷浓度通过水溶性盐总量对Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener指数表现为间接负作用,总磷浓度对种子库与地上植被相似性起到促进作用。研究表明,黄河三角洲滨海湿地地下水位深度变化,主要通过影响土壤水溶性盐总量,进而影响土壤种子库物种多样性。     

Soil Respiration in Different Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems in an Arid Region

The variation of different ecosystems on the terrestrial carbon balance is predicted to be large. We investigated a typical arid region with widespread saline/alkaline soils, and evaluated soil respiration of different agricultural and natural ecosystems. Soil respiration for five ecosystems together with soil temperature, soil moisture, soil pH, soil electric conductivity and soil organic carbon content were investigated in the field. Comparing with the natural ecosystems, the mean seasonal soil respiration rates of the agricultural ecosystems were 96%–386% higher and agricultural ecosystems exhibited lower CO₂ absorption by the saline/alkaline soil. Soil temperature and moisture together explained 48%, 86%, 84%, 54% and 54% of the seasonal variations of soil respiration in the five ecosystems, respectively. There was a significant negative relationship between soil respiration and soil electrical conductivity, but a weak correlation between soil respiration and soil pH or soil organic carbon content. Our results showed that soil CO₂ emissions were significantly different among different agricultural and natural ecosystems, although we caution that this was an observational, not manipulative, study. Temperature at the soil surface and electric conductivity were the main driving factors of soil respiration across the five ecosystems. Care should be taken when converting native vegetation into cropland from the point of view of greenhouse gas emissions.     

兴安落叶松林火烧迹地土壤理化性质驱动因子

探索火烧迹地土壤理化性质的驱动因子是解释生态系统响应火干扰机制的重要组成部分。旨在分析兴安落叶松林火烧迹地土壤理化性质的决定因子,深入认识火干扰在北方森林生态系统所扮演的角色,为北方森林火烧迹地火后恢复、林业可持续发展提供科学支持和理论依据。以过火后1 a的兴安落叶松林火烧迹地为研究对象,设置了不同火烈度和立地条件的火烧迹地及对照研究样地共计35块。在每个研究样地记录了树种、胸径、存活状态等乔木数据,测量了坡向、坡位、坡度、海拔等地形数据,利用植被变化情况量化了火烈度。分别采集了0—5 cm和5—10 cm的土壤样品并测定其9种理化指标,对比了过火与未过火样地这些土壤理化指标的差异。然后,分析了各土壤理化指标与火烈度量化结果的关联趋势,比较了火烈度、地形和乔木因子对火烧迹地土壤理化性质的影响程度。与对照样地相比,火干扰提升了土壤理化指标观测值的离散程度,显著提高了0—5 cm土壤含水率(MC)(P<0.05)和5—10 cm土壤MC、总氮(TN)、总有机碳(TOC)含量(P<0.05)。土壤理化性质与火烈度有明显关联趋势的并不多,观察到0—5 cm土壤MC随火烈度指数的增加...     

海岸草本植物细根、叶片功能性状及其与土壤因子的关系

植物根、叶是对环境敏感性最高的器官,探究根叶功能性状之间的相互关系以及对环境因子的响应,有助于揭示植物对资源的利用状况及其对环境的适生策略。为探讨沿海植物的适应策略,该文以平潭岛砂质海岸草本植物为研究对象,由海及陆设置了3个距离梯度,选取6个叶功能性状和5个细根功能性状指标,分析海岸植物叶片与细根功能性状及其对土壤因子的响应。结果表明:(1)根、叶功能性状变异系数幅度在潮间带最小,在距高海潮线30～60 m的梯度上最大。单叶面积、叶磷含量、根平均直径、根组织密度、根磷含量随着由海到陆的距离增加呈上升趋势; 叶干物质含量、叶组织密度、比根长、比根面积呈下降趋势。(2)植物通过性状组合,在生长与防御间进行资源分配的权衡,表现在叶性状间、根性状间以及根-叶性状间具不同程度的相关性。其中,在地上-地下对应性状中,叶厚与根平均直径、叶磷含量与根磷含量呈极显著正相关; 而比叶面积与比根面积、比根长,叶组织密度与根组织密度均未表现出显著的相关性。(3)土壤因子对海岸植物功能性状变化的解释度为52.05%,其中土壤含盐量的影响最大,其次是土壤含水量、电导率、pH值。总体而言,在恶劣的海岸环境下,由海向陆土壤含盐量、电导率、含水量及pH值逐渐下降,整体为低磷高盐碱,植物表现为不同的生存策略:距海近的植物采取“叶片资源保守型、根系资源获取型”策略; 距海远的植物则采取“叶片资源获取型、根系资源保守型”。该研究结果为了解海岸草本植物对环境梯度变化的响应机制和适应性提供了一定参考价值,同时也利于通过分析土壤等环境特性按梯度筛选栽种适宜的物种,促进海岸植物的恢复和保护。     

The role of the seed bank,seed rain and the timing of disturbance in gap regeneration

Abstract. Question: Does the degree and timing of disturbance contribute significantly to the pattern and process of regeneration in plant communities as a consequence of the availability and number of species of propagules present? Location: Acid grassland at 230 m a.s.l., eastern Scotland, UK. Methods : Plots were surface disturbed or had their soil profile inverted at monthly intervals at 12 dates during a year. Seed bank and seed rain were assessed at each treatment time. The effect of disturbance intensity and timing on the regenerating vegetation was assessed. Results: Removing the seed bank significantly slowed regeneration, as it contributed 43 % of developing cover after one year where it was present. At an individual seed level, seed in the seed rain had a much higher likelihood of contributing to the regenerating vegetation than a seed in the seed bank. Some species showed a reliance on the seed bank for regeneration, and hence there was a significant difference in the vegetation that developed between plots with the seed bank intact and those where it was removed. Winter disturbed plots (little seed rain) had slower rates of re‐vegetation than summer disturbed plots. Timing had little effect on species composition, though a significantly higher cover of perennial forb species developed on the winter disturbed plots. Conclusion: Removing the contribution of the seed bank had a greater effect on the composition of regenerating vegetation than the effect of seasonal variation on the seed rain.     

Castor bean growth and rhizosphere soil property response to different proportions of arbuscular mycorrhizal and phosphate-solubilizing fungi

A pot culture experiment was performed to study the effects of infection with different proportions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and phosphate-solubilizing fungus (PSF) on the rhizosphere soil property of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). One AMF, Glomus mosseae, and one PSF, Mortierella sp. (Ms), were applied to non-sterilized coastal saline soil. The plant dry mass, leaf chlorophyll content, and P-uptake of castor bean were assessed. In coastal saline soil, the different proportions of both fungi-inoculated seedlings showed significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than the controls, which had lower root-to-shoot ratios than the inoculated seedlings. An increase in phosphorus (P) and chlorophyll contents was also observed in the inoculated seedlings compared with the controls. The appropriate Ms proportion seemed to be advantageous for AMF colonization. However, available P content of fungi-treated soil increased in proportion to the increase in Ms population and AMF colonization. By contrast, the pH of inoculated soil decreased because of the increased proportion of Mortierella, and electrical conductivity values showed a negative correlation with AMF colonization. Soil enzyme activities (i.e., urease, invertase, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase) and soil organic matter were also stimulated by inoculation with different proportions of both fungi. However, the catalase activities of inoculated soil were inhibited compared with those of the control soil. Results from this study prove that castor bean planting associated with an appropriate proportion of AMF and PSF will benefit the amelioration of coastal saline soils of eastern China.     

Impact of off-road vehicles on soil and vegetation in a desert rangeland in Saudi Arabia

Off-road vehicle driving is considered as main contributor to land degradation in arid regions. This study examined the impact of off-road vehicles (ORV) on soil and vegetation in a natural recreational desert meadow of Raudhat Khuraim, Saudi Arabia. Vegetation canopy cover and plant height away from road tracks were assessed. Also, species density and canopy cover, bare ground cover and soil attributes were assessed in four microhabitats; tracks, inter-tracks, verges, and away from vehicle tracks (undisturbed natural areas). Results show that the cover of forbs and grasses was negatively associated with distance from road verges. It was observed that the height of woody species responded negatively to distance away from tracks. Cover of native species decreased under verge, inter-track and track microhabitats giving more opportunity for weeds to flourish. Bare ground was highest (60.7%) in tracks. ORV impact on soil bulk density was clear with an increase of 38% under tracks compared to soils of undisturbed natural vegetation and a similar decrease in porosity was observed. On the other hand, soil electrical conductivity was significantly higher (5.45 mS cm^?1) under disturbance compared to 1.32 mS cm^?1 in undisturbed natural vegetation. Organic matter and nitrogen were not affected significantly by ORV disturbance. The results emphasize that managing off-road vehicle driving is essential for conserving native vegetation.     

Two Fixed Ratio Dilutions for Soil Salinity Monitoring in Hypersaline Wetlands

Highly soluble salts are undesirable in agriculture because they reduce yields or the quality of most cash crops and can leak to surface or sub-surface waters. In some cases salinity can be associated with unique history, rarity, or special habitats protected by environmental laws. Yet in considering the measurement of soil salinity for long-term monitoring purposes, adequate methods are required. Both saturated paste extracts, intended for agriculture, and direct surface and/or porewater salinity measurement, used in inundated wetlands, are unsuited for hypersaline wetlands that often are only occasionally inundated. For these cases, we propose the use of 1:5 soil/water (weight/weight) extracts as the standard for expressing the electrical conductivity (EC) of such soils and for further salt determinations. We also propose checking for ion-pairing with a 1:10 or more diluted extract in hypersaline soils. As an illustration, we apply the two-dilutions approach to a set of 359 soil samples from saline wetlands ranging in ECe from 2.3 dS m^-1 to 183.0 dS m^-1. This easy procedure will be useful in survey campaigns and in the monitoring of soil salt content.     

单户与联户经营对高寒草甸土壤理化性质与植物多样性的影响

在甘南高寒草甸单户经营草场与联户经营草场进行野外群落学调查,分析其物种多样性和功能多样性的变化,以揭示不同经营方式下土壤理化性质对植物多样性的影响机制。结果显示：（1）联户草场内植物群落的Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Winener指数较大,而Pielou指数在不同放牧经营方式下的差异并不显著。（2）不同经营方式下,土壤含水量、土壤全氮、土壤全磷和土壤有机碳质量分数表现为联户大于单户的趋势且差异显著（P<0.05）;单户草场土壤电导率与土壤pH大于联户草场;随着土层的加深土壤含水量、土壤全氮质量分数、土壤全磷质量分数、土壤有机碳质量分数和土壤电导率增加,而土壤pH在土层之间的差异并不显著。（3）联户经营方式下的功能丰富度、功能均匀度与功能离散度显著大于单户草场（P<0.05）。（4）相关性分析表明,植物群落物种多样性和功能多样性与土壤含水量、土壤全氮质量分数和土壤全磷质量分数存在正相关关系,土壤电导率和土壤pH与植物群落物种多样性和功能多样性存在负相关关系。冗余分析表明,联户经营方式下土壤理化性质对植物多样性的影响更显著,且0相似文献   

若尔盖退化高寒湿地土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物群落的季节动态

以若尔盖退化高寒湿地为研究对象,连续3年(2015—2017年)于植被返青期(4—5月)、草盛期(7—8月)和枯黄期(10—11月)监测高原鼢鼠鼠丘密度、3个土层(0—10、10—20、20—30 cm)土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物数量的季节动态,并分析土壤生物学特征与土壤环境间的季节相关性。结果表明:(1)各植被物候期,土壤pH值、容重指标均随土层加深而显著升高(P<0.05),土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、酶活性及微生物数量指标均随土层加深而显著降低(P<0.05);(2)植被物候期对高寒鼠荒地非土丘土壤养分在不同土层的垂直分配有显著影响,对0—10 cm土层土壤生物学特征含量的影响程度显著大于10—20 cm和20—30 cm土层。(3)冗余分析(RDA)表明3个植被物候期,土壤生物学特征指标与土壤理化性质指标间显著相关(P<0.05),主成分分析(PCA)表明各指标在不同土层均呈现明显的季节性分布,数量特征表现为:枯黄期>返青期>草盛期。揭示了高寒鼠荒地高原鼢鼠季节性活动对土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物数量的影响,为今后青藏高原鼠...     

A chronosequence approach for detecting revegetation patterns after Sphagnum-peat mining, northern Japan

The aim of this study is to detect how vegetation development proceeds after Sphagnum-peat mining and how physical and chemical factors in groundwater are related to the revegetation patterns in Sarobetsu mire, Hokkaido, Japan. A total of 189 plots on peat-mining sites were set in a chronosequence and 18 plots were set on unmined control sites. A vegetation survey was conducted, and seasonal changes in groundwater levels and chemistry (pH, electrical conductance, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, anions, and cations) were monitored. Species richness and plot cover tended to increase with increasing age, but were significantly lower in mined sites than in unmined sites dominated by Sphagnum spp. The trends in vegetation change were (1) bare ground, (2) grasslands dominated by grasses and sedges, e.g., Rhyncohospora alba, Phragmites communis, and Moliniopsis japonica and (3) Sphagnum-dominated vegetation. The characteristics of groundwater level during the plant-growth period mostly determined vegetation recovery, i.e., Sphagnum establishment was promoted when groundwater declined greatly in early summer. The patterns of temporal vegetation changes affected by groundwater characteristics were detected by chronological sequence, and hydrological factors in groundwater were more important for revegetation than chemical factors. The original vegetation has not returned after three decades.     

舟山群岛春秋季黄麂的栖息地特征及其利用的初步研究

栖息地选择是野生动物与其环境之间的基本关系,野生动物的栖息地特征研究对野生动物的保护和利用具有重要意义(骆颖等,2009).动物的食物资源具有季节性变化(蒋志刚,2004),在舟山群岛,春季有蹄类动物的可利用资源相对较为缺乏而到秋季相对丰富,有蹄类动物的栖息地特征由于不同季节间的环境可利用资源不同而产生差异(Sehmitz,1991).研究不同季节动物的柄息地特征及利用机制,可以深入了解动物是如何适应环境的(蒋志刚,2004).