Description of the Immature Stages of Three Nearctic Species of the Genus Berosus Leach (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

Egg cases, larvae, and pupae of Berosus corrini Wooldridge 1964, Berosus hoplites Sharp 1887, and Berosus pugnax LeConte 1863, are described and illustrated with line drawings. Bionomic and behavioral observations of larvae and adults are included. Keys to different instars of B. hoplites and B. pugnax larvae are provided.     

五种鳃金龟幼虫描述（鞘翅目）

对日胸突鳃金龟Hoplosternus japonicus Harold,坦狭肋鳃金龟Holotrichia tonkinensis Moser,白云鳃金龟替代亚种Polyphylla alba vicaria Semenov,大皱鳃金龟Trematodes grandis Semenov和二色希鳃金龟Hilyotrogus bicoloreus(Heyden)5种幼虫首次进行了形态描述,绘制了特征图,并编制了幼虫分类检索表。     

Immature Stages of Hydrobiomorpha spinosa (Orchymont, 1928) (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

The preimaginal stages of the Neotropical species Hydrobiomorpha spinosa (Orchymont) are described and figured for the first time. They are compared to the larvae of the New World species Hydrobiomorpha casta (Say) and to unidentified African and Australian larvae. Bionomical notes on this species are included.     

Immature Stages of Tomapoderus(T.) ruficollis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Attelabidae) from Korea

Eggs, larvae and pupae of Tomapoderus (T.) ruficollis Fabricius are described and illustrated. The species is found on host plants, Zelkova serrata Makino and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai. and is a well‐known forest pest. Taxonomic notes and cradle structure of this species are provided.     

Description of a New Species of Neoadoxoplatys and Immature Stages of Neoadoxoplatys saileri Kormilev (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Associated with Bamboo

Neoadoxoplatys thomasi is described as a new species from Mexico and Venezuela. The immature stages of Neoadoxoplatys saileri Kormilev are presented for the first time. Immature stages are described and illustrated, some bamboo species of Guadua are recorded as hosts, distributional records in Mexico are also included; scanning electron micrographs of the eggs of N. saileri are provided. A key to separate the four known species of Neoadoxoplatys is included.     

Feeding behaviour of the grass grub Costelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Melolonthinae)

The feeding response of 3rd‐instar Costelytra zealandica larvae to 20 amino acids tested individually at 2 concentrations was assessed. Six of these compounds had a phagostimulatory effect; in particular, the ubiquitous amino acids L‐aspartic acid, L‐glutamic acid, and L‐serine induced considerable feeding by the grubs. Ascorbic acid was also a strong feeding stimulant and, in combination with sucrose, evoked an intense behavioural response. A synergistic effect of ‘Salt Mix W on the larval response to sucrose was demonstrated.     

Phylogenetic relationships within Diplotaxini Kirby (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae) with emphasis on Liogenys Guérin‐Méneville

Diplotaxini Kirby is one of the 29 tribes of Melolonthinae with Nearctic, Neotropical, Paleartic, Afrotropical and Oriental distribution. According to the current classification, Diplotaxini is composed of 706 species described in 21 genera. Neotropical Diplotaxini comprise 94 species, of which 78 are members of Liogenys Guérin Méneville, the largest Neotropical genus. Until now, no phylogenetic studies on Diplotaxini have tested whether the tribe is natural or artificial. This study tested the relationships among Diplotaxini genera, created hypotheses for better defining them, and assessed the monophyly of Liogenys. Cladistic analyses using 167 adult morphological characters were performed. The 83 included taxa represent three subfamilies of Melolonthidae, four tribes of Melolonthinae, and most genera of Diplotaxini, with emphasis on Liogenys. The data were analysed using parsimony under equal and implied weights. In both analyses, the traditional concept of Diplotaxini is shown to be a polyphyletic assemblage. Empecta Erichson and Clypeasta Fairmaire are closely related to Melolontha melolontha (Linnaeus) and Pseudoliogenys Moser close to Myloxenoides Martínez (Tanyproctini). Pachrodema Blanchard is identified as the sister group of Liogenys. The monophyly of both Pacuvia Curtis and Homalochilus Blanchard is confirmed and the paraphyly of Diplotaxis Kirby is suggested. The analyses strongly supported the polyphyly of Liogenys. To render this genus monophyletic, we transferred L. ferrugata Mannerheim (related to M. melolontha) to Phyllophaga Harris, and L. micropyga Burmeister to Diplotaxis, forming Diplotaxis micropyga (Burmeister, 1855) comb.n. ; and included Homoliogenys tarsalis (Moser) and Hilarianus anguliceps Blanchard in Liogenys. As H. anguliceps is syn. junior of Liogenys punctaticollis, Hilarianus is synonymized with Liogenys. Hilarianus ovalis and Hilarianus rufinus are here assigned to Manonychus, and Hilarianus uniformis and Hilarianus suboblongus to Blepharotoma, forming: Blepharotoma uniformis comb.n. , Blepharotoma suboblongus comb.n. , Manonychus ovalis comb.n. and Manonychus rufinus comb.n.     

The Tannea Blackwelder Species of Ecuador with Description of New Species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae)

Two new species of the genus Tannea Blackwelder from Ecuador, Tannea hermani n. sp. and Tannea bellavistae n. sp. are herein described, and a complete list of records of all Tannea species found in Ecuador is provided together with a key to the species. Additionally, the geographic distribution of the Tannea species of Ecuador and their altitudinal distribution are discussed.     

华北大黑鳃金龟引诱剂配方筛选及引诱效果评价

【目的】筛选可有效引诱华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita成虫的引诱剂配方用于生态防控。【方法】选取5种植物挥发物、2种华北大黑鳃金龟聚集信息素和1种性信息素,根据各化合物单体最佳引诱浓度进行两两混配,得到植物挥发物+聚集信息素、植物挥发物+性信息素和聚集信息素+性信息素共17种二元引诱剂配方。通过触角电位(EAG)反应和趋性行为反应逐步筛选出引诱效果较好的配方。将所筛选配方与其单一组分通过趋性行为反应进行引诱效果比较,并通过室内笼罩诱捕检验配方对华北大黑鳃金龟成虫的引诱效果。【结果】通过EAG反应及趋性行为反应从17种二元引诱剂配方中逐步筛选出了对华北大黑鳃金龟成虫具有较强引诱作用的3种配方,即顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯,1-己醇+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯+甘氨酸甲酯,它们引起的华北大黑鳃金龟雌虫EAG反应相对值分别为5 981%, 5 796%和5 722%,引起的雄虫EAG反应相对值分别为3 983%, 4 712%和3 809%。趋性行为反应试验中,引起华北大黑鳃金龟成虫选择反应率最高的为配方邻苯二甲酸二丁酯+甘氨酸甲酯,成虫选择反应...     

东北大黑鳃金龟嗅感器超微结构

利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia成虫触角嗅感器进行超微结构研究。结果表明： 其嗅感器集中于触角鳃片上,着生在表皮内陷形成的凹腔里。嗅感器包括锥形感器和板形感器两种,锥形感器根据锥体形状的差异可分为4种类型,板形感器根据盘体形状的不同可分为5种类型。嗅感器表皮为单壁,壁上具有微孔和孔道微管。嗅感器内神经元的数目并不一致,1～3个不等。雄性触角鳃片的长度长于雌性触角鳃片,并且雄性触角嗅感器的总数远远多于雌性,其中雄性板形感器的数目与雌性差异不大,但雄性锥形感器的数目却远远的多于雌性,几乎是雌性的9倍。由此推测锥形感器是感受性信息素的感器,而板形感器用于感受植物气味。     

Comparative Studies on the Developmental Stages of Three Species of Tropisternus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

The egg cases, eggs, and different stages of life cycles of Tropisternus lateralis (Fabricius), T. blatchleyi D'Orchymont, and T. collaris (Fabricius) are described. A table is given for separating the various developmental stages of the three species.     

华北大黑鳃金龟对桃树挥发物的电生理反应

【目的】华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita是一种分布范围广,寄主种类多的农业害虫。本研究鉴定了桃树顶空挥发物中对华北大黑鳃金龟雌虫具有触角电生理活性的化合物,并探索桃树挥发物活性成分的剂量对华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄虫触角电生理反应的影响。【方法】采用顶空吸附法收集桃树枝叶挥发物,用气相色谱 触角电位联用技术(GC-EAD)和气相色谱 质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定有电生理活性的桃树挥发物成分,最后用触角电位(electroantennograph, EAG)技术测试这些挥发物在0.01,0.1, 1, 10和100 μg剂量下引起的华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄成虫EAG反应。【结果】桃树挥发物中能引起华北大黑鳃金龟雌成虫触角电生理反应的成分有7种,包括Z-β-罗勒烯、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯醇、壬醛、水杨酸甲酯以及2种未知化合物。所测试的对华北大黑鳃金龟雌成虫触角具有电生理活性的5种桃树挥发物成分在各剂量下都能引起雌、雄成虫明显的EAG反应。雌、雄虫对同种物质的EAG反应随着剂量的增加而有增大的趋势,并且雌虫的EAG反应显著高于雄虫。【结论】桃树挥发物中,罗勒烯、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯醇、壬醛、水杨酸甲酯均能引起华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄成虫的剂量依赖性的触角电生理反应,而且存在显著的性别差异。可利用这些化合物开展行为反应和田间诱集试验,进一步验证其对华北大黑鳃金龟的引诱活性。     

Population analysis of white grubs (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) throughout the Brazilian Pampa biome

The replacement of natural grassland by cultivated areas might favor the increase in abundance of some root-feeding species such as the white grubs, which may become a constraint for field crop production. This research aimed to assay the population density and geographical distribution of white grubs pest and other species in natural grassland and cultivated areas throughout the Brazilian Pampa biome. White grubs were sampled in 18 locations in both landscape use types and identified. Population density (number of larvae m^?2) was calculated for each recorded species and sorted within two groups (pest species and other species), compared between natural grasslands and cultivated areas, as well as among locations. A dendrogram to evaluate species similarity among locations was built based on combined data obtained from both landscape use types throughout the region. In total, 31 species were found in the Brazilian Pampa, and four of them are considered as crop pests: Diloboderus abderus (Sturm, 1826), Euetheola humilis (Burmeister, 1847), Lyogenys fusca (Blanchard, 1830), and Phyllophaga triticophaga Morón & Salvadori, 1998. The average population density of pest species in cultivated areas was less than five larvae m^?2, at most of locations. Some species had a wide geographical distribution (e.g. D. abderus and Cyclocephala modesta Burmeister), while other melolontids occurred at only one location. The knowledge of which white grub species are present in a field and its population densities assist farmers to take proper management decisions.