CD9在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达水平及其临床意义

目的:口腔鳞状细胞癌是一类极易发生局部侵袭和淋巴结转移的恶性肿瘤,CD9蛋白在多种肿瘤的发生发展及侵袭转移过程中起到重要作用,本研究旨在分析CD9蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法:收集我院诊断明确的口腔鳞癌肿瘤患者石蜡标本合计80例,通过免疫组化手段对CD9蛋白表达水平进行评价,并根据CD9蛋白的表达水平分组,分析患者的临床病理学特征与CD9蛋白的关系。结果:CD9在正常组织和癌旁组织正常表达,在肿瘤组织中表达率低,其表达水平和口腔鳞癌的分化程度,淋巴结转移及最终分期有相关性(P0.05)。结论:本研究结果揭示,CD9在口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生发展中起到重要作用,CD9蛋白水平的低表达或不表达可能预测着肿瘤具有更明显的恶性生物学行为,并可能成为口腔鳞状细胞癌预后的生物学指标及基因治疗的新靶点。     

Sirt1促进肝癌细胞增殖和侵袭活性的分子机制

目的:探讨Sirt1基因在肝癌组织和癌旁组织中表达差异,进一步检测其对肝癌细胞增殖和侵袭活性的调控.方法:收集30例肝癌手术患者的病变组织和癌旁组织,通过Real time-PCR检测Sirt1基因的表达差异,并对其中6例组织通过western blot验证.在转染Sirt1基因或干扰掉该基因后,采用MTT的方法检测HepG2细胞的增殖活性,通过Transwell小室的方法检测HepG2细胞的侵袭活性.结果:Real time-PCR检测发现Sirt1 mRNA在肝癌组织中高表达,同样,Western blot检测也发现Sirt1在肝癌组织中高表达,而在癌旁组织中表达较低.过表达Sirt1导致HepG2细胞过度增殖,侵袭能力增加;相反,敲除该基因,细胞增殖和侵袭活性被抑制.结论:Sirt1在肝癌组织中高表达并且介导肝癌细胞增殖和侵袭活性.该基因在肝癌组织中的过量表达有助于肝癌的临床诊断,同时Sirt1在肝癌的恶性肿瘤生物活性中发挥着重要的作用,因此,Sirt1是一个潜在的治疗肝癌的药物作用靶点,为开发新的抗肿瘤药物提供了新的治疗靶点.     

VEGF-C 在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的:检测血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)在口腔鳞状细胞癌(鳞癌)和癌旁组织中的表达情况,探讨VEGF-C在口腔鳞癌的增殖、浸润和淋巴转移中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测60例口腔鳞癌病人癌组织和癌旁组织中VEGF-C的表达,应用图像分析系统进行分析,用Spearman相关分析研究其与病变部位、肿瘤大小、病理分级、临床分期及颈淋巴结转移之间的关系。结果:口腔鳞癌组织VEGF-C的表达明显高于癌旁组织(u=7.747,P<0.01),其表达强度与临床分期及淋巴结转移密切相关(r=0.564、0.706,P<0.05),与病变部位、大小、病理分级无关。结论:口腔鳞癌细胞分泌VEGF-C诱导癌周淋巴管增生扩张是发生区域淋巴结转移的重要因素之一,VEGF-C有望作为早期临床判断和预测颈淋巴结转移的指标之一。     

影响口腔鳞状细胞癌患者预后的临床病理因素分析

目的：研究影响口腔鳞状细胞癌（Oral squamous cellcar cinoma,OSCC）术后患者预后的临床病理因素。方法：回顾性研究55例手术治疗的原发口腔鳞状细胞癌患者与预后相关的因素：年龄、性别、发病部位、颈部淋巴结转移情况、肿瘤细胞分化程度等。结果：平均发病年龄为57.35±12.02岁,牙龈鳞癌的复发转移率最高（45.5%）,舌部第二（44%）,颊部第三（37.5%）,唇癌预后最好（0.0%）。术前颈部淋巴结转移情况、肿瘤细胞分化程度与预后有关。肿瘤细胞的分化程度与术前淋巴结转移无显著相关性。术前有颈部淋巴结转移合并中低分化与预后差相关。结论：口腔鳞状细胞癌的预后与发病部位无显著相关性。肿瘤中低分化及术前有淋巴结转移者易出现术后复发转移。     

影响口腔鳞状细胞癌患者预后的临床病理因素分析

目的:研究影响口腔鳞状细胞癌(Oral squamous cellcar cinoma,OSCC)术后患者预后的临床病理因素。方法:回顾性研究55例手术治疗的原发口腔鳞状细胞癌患者与预后相关的因素:年龄、性别、发病部位、颈部淋巴结转移情况、肿瘤细胞分化程度等。结果:平均发病年龄为57.35±12.02岁,牙龈鳞癌的复发转移率最高(45.5%),舌部第二(44%),颊部第三(37.5%),唇癌预后最好(0.0%)。术前颈部淋巴结转移情况、肿瘤细胞分化程度与预后有关。肿瘤细胞的分化程度与术前淋巴结转移无显著相关性。术前有颈部淋巴结转移合并中低分化与预后差相关。结论:口腔鳞状细胞癌的预后与发病部位无显著相关性。肿瘤中低分化及术前有淋巴结转移者易出现术后复发转移。     

Largescale Transcriptomics Analysis Suggests Over-Expression of BGH3, MMP9 and PDIA3 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been reported as the most prevalent cancer of the head and neck region, while early diagnosis remains challenging. Here we took a comprehensive bioinformatics study on microarray data of 326 OSCC clinical samples with control of 165 normal tissues. The cell interaction pathways of ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion were found to be significantly regulated in OSCC samples. Further analysis of the topological properties and expression consistency identified that three hub genes in the gene interaction network, MMP9, PDIA3 and BGH3, were consistently up-expressed in OSCC samples. When being validated on additional microarray datasets of 41 OSCC samples, the validation rate of over-expressed BGH3, MMP9, and PDIA3 reached 90%, 90% and 84% respectively. At last, immuno-histochemical assays were done to test the protein expression of the three genes on newly collected clinical samples of 35 OSCC, 20 samples of pre-OSCC stage, and 12 normal oral mucosa specimens. Their protein expression levels were also found to progressively increase from normal mucosa to pre-OSCC stage and further to OSCC (ANOVA p = 0.000), suggesting their key roles in OSCC pathogenesis. Based on above solid validation, we propose BGH3, MMP9 and PDIA3 might be further explored as potential biomarkers to aid OSCC diagnosis.     

VEGF在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法:免疫组化EnVisionTM法检测VEGF在57例手术治疗的原发性OSCC(口腔鳞状细胞癌)中的表迭.结果:①VEGF在OSCC中的阳性表达率为40.35%.②VEGF在不同发病部位组的表达:牙龈癌>舌癌>颊癌>唇癌,组间无统计学差异(P>0.05).③VEOF在不同病理分级组、不同预后组、不同年龄组、不同性别组的表达无显著性差异(P>0.05);淋巴结转移组的表达显著高于无转移组(P<0.05).结论:虽然VEGF的高表达可能在淋巴结转移中起一定的作用,但还不能作为预测口腔鳞状细胞癌临床生物学行为及预后的可靠指标.     

Multi-photon Imaging of Tumor Cell Invasion in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Loco-regional invasion of head and neck cancer is linked to metastatic risk and presents a difficult challenge in designing and implementing patient management strategies. Orthotopic mouse models of oral cancer have been developed to facilitate the study of factors that impact invasion and serve as model system for evaluating anti-tumor therapeutics. In these systems, visualization of disseminated tumor cells within oral cavity tissues has typically been conducted by either conventional histology or with in vivo bioluminescent methods. A primary drawback of these techniques is the inherent inability to accurately visualize and quantify early tumor cell invasion arising from the primary site in three dimensions. Here we describe a protocol that combines an established model for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCOT) with two-photon imaging to allow multi-vectorial visualization of lingual tumor spread. The OSC-19 head and neck tumor cell line was stably engineered to express the F-actin binding peptide LifeAct fused to the mCherry fluorescent protein (LifeAct-mCherry). Fox1^nu/nu mice injected with these cells reliably form tumors that allow the tongue to be visualized by ex-vivo application of two-photon microscopy. This technique allows for the orthotopic visualization of the tumor mass and locally invading cells in excised tongues without disruption of the regional tumor microenvironment. In addition, this system allows for the quantification of tumor cell invasion by calculating distances that invaded cells move from the primary tumor site. Overall this procedure provides an enhanced model system for analyzing factors that contribute to SCOT invasion and therapeutic treatments tailored to prevent local invasion and distant metastatic spread. This method also has the potential to be ultimately combined with other imaging modalities in an in vivo setting.     

High PD-L1 Expression Correlates with Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

PD-L1 has been widely demonstrated to contribute to failed antitumor immunity. Blockade of PD-L1 with monoclonal antibody could modulate the tumor immune environment to augment immunotherapy. PD-L1 expression is also detected in several types of cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. However, the prognostic role of PD-L1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still controversial. Our aim was to determine the role of PD-L1 in the prognosis of OSCC patients to identify its potential therapeutic relevance. PD-L1 immunoreactivity was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 305 cancer specimens from primary OSCC patients. The medium follow-up time after surgery was 3.8 years (range from 0.1 to 11.1 years). The prognostic value of PD-L1 on overall survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. Higher PD-L1 expression is more likely in tumor tissues of female than male OSCC patients (P = 0.0062). Patients with distant metastasis also had high PD-L1 expression (P = 0.0103). Multivariate analysis identified high PD-L1 expression as an independent risk factor in males and smokers (males: hazard ratio = 1.556, P = 0.0077; smokers: hazard ratio = 2.058, P = 0.0004). We suggest that PD-L1 expression, determined by IHC staining, could be an independent prognostic marker for OSCC patients who are male or who have a smoking habit.     

Gelsolin Induces Colorectal Tumor Cell Invasion via Modulation of the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Cascade

Gelsolin is a cytoskeletal protein which participates in actin filament dynamics and promotes cell motility and plasticity. Although initially regarded as a tumor suppressor, gelsolin expression in certain tumors correlates with poor prognosis and therapy-resistance. In vitro, gelsolin has anti-apoptotic and pro-migratory functions and is critical for invasion of some types of tumor cells. We found that gelsolin was highly expressed at tumor borders infiltrating into adjacent liver tissues, as examined by immunohistochemistry. Although gelsolin contributes to lamellipodia formation in migrating cells, the mechanisms by which it induces tumor invasion are unclear. Gelsolin's influence on the invasive activity of colorectal cancer cells was investigated using overexpression and small interfering RNA knockdown. We show that gelsolin is required for invasion of colorectal cancer cells through matrigel. Microarray analysis and quantitative PCR indicate that gelsolin overexpression induces the upregulation of invasion-promoting genes in colorectal cancer cells, including the matrix-degrading urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Conversely, gelsolin knockdown reduces uPA levels, as well as uPA secretion. The enhanced invasiveness of gelsolin-overexpressing cells was attenuated by treatment with function-blocking antibodies to either uPA or its receptor uPAR, indicating that uPA/uPAR activity is crucial for gelsolin-dependent invasion. In summary, our data reveals novel functions of gelsolin in colorectal tumor cell invasion through its modulation of the uPA/uPAR cascade, with potentially important roles in colorectal tumor dissemination to metastatic sites.     

Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Facilitates Cell Proliferation and Migration and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is a cell membrane transporter of lactate. Recent studies have shown that MCT4 is over-expressed in various cancers; however, its role in cancer maintenance and aggressiveness has not been fully demonstrated. This study investigated the role of MCT4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and found that it is highly expressed in OSCC patients by using immunohistochemistry. Moreover, this over-expression of MCT4 was closely associated with tumor size, TNM classification, lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor recurrence, and also poor prognosis. To further study mechanisms of MCT4 in vitro, we used small-interfering RNA to silence its expression in OSCC cell lines. The results showed that knock-down of MCT4 decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The inhibition of proliferation was associated with down-regulation of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2, while decreased cell migration and invasion may be caused by down-regulation of integrin β4-SRC-FAK and MEK-ERK signaling. Together, these findings provide new insight into the critical role of MCT4 in cell proliferation and metastasis in OSCC.     

人口腔鳞癌组织中HIF-1a和NF-kB的表达及意义

目的:探讨缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1a)和核因子-KB(NF-KB)口腔鳞癌中的表达及相互关系,研究它们的表达与肿瘤临床病理指标的联系.方法:应用SP染色法检测HIF-1a和NF-KB在49例口腔鳞癌组织、10例正常口腔黏膜组织中的阳性率.结果在口腔鳞癌中HIF-1a和NF-KB的阳性表达率分别为80.0%和78.4%,其阳性率及表达等级均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),在中一低分化组和有淋巴结转移组中的表达显著高于高分化组和无淋巴结转移组(P<0.05).HIF-1a表达与NF-KB表达成等级正相关(r=0.45,P<0.05).结论:HIF-1a或NF-KB与口腔鳞癌生物学行为有密切关系,二者的联合检测,有助于口腔鳞癌恶性程度和生物学特性的判断.     

Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase1 Overexpression Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Enhanced Biosynthesis of Platelet-Activating Factor

Background

The relevance of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase1 (LPCAT1), a cytosolic enzyme in the remodeling pathway of phosphatidylcholine metabolism, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We investigated LPCAT1 expression and its functional mechanism in OSCCs.

Methods

We analyzed LPCAT1 mRNA and protein expression levels in OSCC-derived cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify correlations between LPCAT1 expression levels and primary OSCCs clinicopathological status. We established LPCAT1 knockdown models of the OSCC-derived cell lines (SAS, Ca9-22) for functional analysis and examined the association between LPCAT1 expression and the platelet-activating factor (PAF) concentration and PAF-receptor (PAFR) expression.

Results

LPCAT1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated significantly (p<0.05) in OSCC-derived cell lines compared with human normal oral keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly (p<0.05) elevated LPCAT1 expression in primary OSCCs compared with normal counterparts and a strong correlation between LPCAT1-positive OSCCs and tumoral size and regional lymph node metastasis. In LPCAT1 knockdown cells, cellular proliferation and invasiveness decreased significantly (p<0.05); cellular migration was inhibited compared with control cells. Down-regulation of LPCAT1 resulted in a decreased intercellular PAF concentration and PAFR expression.

Conclusion

LPCAT1 was overexpressed in OSCCs and correlated with cellular invasiveness and migration. LPCAT1 may contribute to tumoral growth and metastasis in oral cancer.     

HIF1-Alpha Expression Predicts Survival of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an important cause of death and morbidity wordwide and effective prognostic markers are still to be discovered. HIF1α protein is associated with hypoxia response and neovascularization, essential conditions for solid tumors survival. The relationship between HIF1α expression, tumor progression and treatment response in head and neck cancer is still poorly understood.

Patients and Methods

In this study, we investigated HIF1α expression by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays and its relationship with clinical findings, histopathological results and survival of 66 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower mouth.

Results

Our results demonstrated that high HIF1α expression is associated with local disease-free survival, independently from the choice of treatment. Furthermore, high expression of HIF1α in patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy was associated with survival, therefore being a novel prognostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth. Additionally, our results showed that MVD was associated with HIF1α expression and local disease relapse.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that HIF1α expression can be used as a prognostic marker and predictor of postoperative radiotherapy response, helping the oncologist choose the best treatment for each patient.     

As2O3干预口腔鳞癌A431 细胞EGFR 表达的研究

目的：研究三氧化二砷（As2O3）对人口腔鳞癌A431细胞生长的抑制作用,探讨其抗肿瘤的机制。方法：合成特异性靶向到肿 瘤细胞表面表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的近红外荧光分子对比剂EGF-Cy5.5,验证试剂合成的靶向特异性。口腔鳞状细胞癌 A431 细胞系暴露于浓度分别为0 滋M,0.5 滋M,2.5 滋M和5.0 滋M的三氧化二砷溶液中0,24 h,48 h和72 h。共聚焦显微镜、流式 细胞仪及免疫组化证实EGFR的表达水平,上述实验均测量三次,结果取平均值。结果：EGF-Cy5.5 靶向荧光对比剂的标记率为 68%~70 %。对比对照组,越高浓度的三氧化二砷处理的肿瘤细胞其获得的细胞荧光信号强度越小,这与药物浓度越高细胞表面表 达EGFR 的量越少相一致。流式细胞仪显示,在72 小时,作用于细胞的三氧化二砷药物浓度分别为0.5 滋M,2.5 滋M,和5.0 滋M, 其相对应获得的细胞EGFR 表达量分别为57.28± 3.2 %(P<0.05), 29.91± 2.2 %(P<0.01) 和10.73± 2.4 %(P<0.01),明显低于对照 组的细胞EGFR 表达量74.42± 1.8 %,（P <0.05)。结论：本研究应用近红外荧光分子成像的方法体外检测口腔鳞状细胞癌A431 的 EGFR表达水平,实验证明三氧化二砷对其EGFR 具有明显的抑制作用,且抑制作用具有时间- 剂量依赖性。