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1.
As a newly-identified protein post-translational modification, malonylation is involved in a variety of biological functions. Recognizing malonylation sites in substrates represents an initial but crucial step in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying protein malonylation. In this study, we constructed a deep learning (DL) network classifier based on long short-term memory (LSTM) with word embedding (LSTMWE) for the prediction of mammalian malonylation sites. LSTMWE performs better than traditional classifiers developed with common pre-defined feature encodings or a DL classifier based on LSTM with a one-hot vector. The performance of LSTMWE is sensitive to the size of the training set, but this limitation can be overcome by integration with a traditional machine learning (ML) classifier. Accordingly, an integrated approach called LEMP was developed, which includes LSTMWE and the random forest classifier with a novel encoding of enhanced amino acid content. LEMP performs not only better than the individual classifiers but also superior to the currently-available malonylation predictors. Additionally, it demonstrates a promising performance with a low false positive rate, which is highly useful in the prediction application. Overall, LEMP is a useful tool for easily identifying malonylation sites with high confidence. LEMP is available at http://www.bioinfogo.org/lemp. 相似文献
2.
A. P. Purgue 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1997,181(5):438-445
Members of the Rana catesbeiana clade display sexually dimorphic eardrums. In this species assemblage the eardrum of males can be 50% larger than in females
of the same body size. There has been, however, no apparent functional explanation for this dimorphism. Measurements of the
acoustical coupling (transfer function) of internally generated sound to the enlarged eardrum of male bullfrogs (R. catesbeiana) show distinct energy peaks coincident with those observed in the spectral envelopes of the release and mating calls. Moreover,
when the tympanic membranes are artificially damped the spectrum of the release call is drastically altered and the total
amount of power radiated decreases substantially. These observations point to a previously unsuspected role for the ears in
the sound broadcasting process of the bullfrog and possibly other anurans with similarly modified tympanic membranes.
Accepted: 19 July 1997 相似文献
3.
Plant diseases and insect pests cause a significant threat to agricultural production. Early detection and diagnosis of these diseases are critical and can reduce economic losses. The recent development of deep learning (DL) benefits various fields, such as image processing, remote sensing, medical diagnosis, and agriculture. This work proposed a novel approach based on DL for plant disease detection by fusing RGB and segmented images. A multi-headed DenseNet-based architecture was developed, considering two images as input. We evaluated the model on a public dataset, PlantVillage, consisting of 54183 images with 38 classes. The fivefold cross-validation technique achieved an average accuracy, recall, precision, and f1-score of 98.17%, 98.17%, 98.16%, and 98.12%, respectively. The proposed approach can distinguish various plant diseases with different characteristics by image fusion. The high success rate with low standard deviation proves the robustness of the model, and the model can be integrated into plant disease detection and early warning system. 相似文献
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Plant-leaf disease detection is one of the key problems of smart agriculture which has a significant impact on the global economy. To mitigate this, intelligent agricultural solutions are evolving that aid farmer to take preventive measures for improving crop production. With the advancement of deep learning, many convolutional neural network models have blazed their way to the identification of plant-leaf diseases. However, these models are limited to the detection of specific crops only. Therefore, this paper presents a new deeper lightweight convolutional neural network architecture (DLMC-Net) to perform plant leaf disease detection across multiple crops for real-time agricultural applications. In the proposed model, a sequence of collective blocks is introduced along with the passage layer to extract deep features. These benefits in feature propagation and feature reuse, which results in handling the vanishing gradient problem. Moreover, point-wise and separable convolution blocks are employed to reduce the number of trainable parameters. The efficacy of the proposed DLMC-Net model is validated across four publicly available datasets, namely citrus, cucumber, grapes, and tomato. Experimental results of the proposed model are compared against seven state-of-the-art models on eight parameters, namely accuracy, error, precision, recall, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and Matthews correlation coefficient. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed model has surpassed all the considered models, even under complex background conditions, with an accuracy of 93.56%, 92.34%, 99.50%, and 96.56% on citrus, cucumber, grapes, and tomato, respectively. Moreover, the proposed DLMC-Net requires only 6.4 million trainable parameters, which is the second best among the compared models. Therefore, it can be asserted that the proposed model is a viable alternative to perform plant leaf disease detection across multiple crops. 相似文献
7.
Videos and images from camera traps are more and more used by ecologists to estimate the population of species on a territory. It is a laborious work since experts have to analyse massive data sets manually. This takes also a lot of time to filter these videos when many of them do not contain animals or are with human presence. Fortunately, deep learning algorithms for object detection can help ecologists to identify multiple relevant species on their data and to estimate their population. In this study, we propose to go even further by using object detection model to detect, classify and count species on camera traps videos. To this end, we developed a 3-step process: (i) At the first stage, after splitting videos into images, we annotate images by associating bounding boxes to each label thanks to MegaDetector algorithm; (ii) then, we extend MegaDetector based on Faster R-CNN architecture with backbone Inception-ResNet-v2 in order to not only detect the 13 relevant classes but also to classify them; (iii) finally, we design a method to count individuals based on the maximum number of bounding boxes detected. This final stage of counting is evaluated in two different contexts: first including only detection results (i.e. comparing our predictions against the right number of individuals, no matter their true class), then an evolved version including both detection and classification results (i.e. comparing our predictions against the right number in the right class). The results obtained during the evaluation of our model on the test data set are: (i) 73,92% mAP for classification, (ii) 96,88% mAP for detection with a ratio Intersection-Over-Union (IoU) of 0.5 (overlapping ratio between groundtruth bounding box and the detected one), and (iii) 89,24% mAP for detection at IoU = 0.75. Highly represented classes, like humans, have highest values of mAP around 81% whereas less represented classes in the train data set, such as dogs, have lowest values of mAP around 66%. Regarding the proposed counting method, we predicted a count either exact or 1 unit for 87% with detection results and for 48% with detection and classification results of our test data set. Our model is also able to detect empty videos. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in France about the use of object detection model on a French national park to locate, identify and estimate the population of species from camera trap videos. 相似文献
8.
Dr. D. R. E. Reeve 《Cell and tissue research》1977,182(2):253-263
Summary A study of mitosis in the stratified squamous epithelium of the tympanic membrane of the guinea-pig was made after wounding this organ at 09.00 h in one series of animals and at 21.00 h in a second series. It was found that the diurnal variation of mitosis was abolished by the injury. This finding corresponds with a basic requirement of the chalone-adrenaline hypothesis which is considered to be a factor in the mitotic control of epidermal cells. It was also found that the maximum number of dividing cells was at the wound edge in the group wounded at 09.00 h, which also agrees with the chalone concept. In the group wounded at 21.00 h, however, the initial mitotic response was in cells distally placed from the wound edge which is more difficult to explain. Perhaps these cells are inhibited mitotically by the factors normally producing a low nocturnal mitotic rate and undergo migration to cover the defect in the first instance, and only divide at a later time when the mitotic inhibition is lifted. It appears that the factors responsible for the increased mitotic rate after wounding are different from those responsible for the diurnal variation.The author wishes to express his thanks to Professor R.M.H. McMinn for his support of this work 相似文献
9.
Takenori Miyashita James L. Burford Young-Kwon Hong Haykanush Gevorgyan Lisa Lam Nozomu Mori Janos Peti-Peterdi 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2013
We clarified the localization of lymphatic vessels in the tympanic membrane and proliferation of lymphatic vessels during regeneration after perforation of the tympanic membrane by using whole-mount imaging of the tympanic membrane of Prox1 GFP mice. In the pars tensa, lymphatic vessel loops surrounded the malleus handle and annulus tympanicus. Apart from these locations, lymphatic vessel loops were not observed in the pars tensa in the normal tympanic membrane. Lymphatic vessel loops surrounding the malleus handle were connected to the lymphatic vessel loops in the pars flaccida and around the tensor tympani muscle. Many lymphatic vessel loops were detected in the pars flaccida. After perforation of the tympanic membrane, abundant lymphatic regeneration was observed in the pars tensa, and these regenerated lymphatic vessels extended from the lymphatic vessels surrounding the malleus at day 7. These results suggest that site-specific lymphatic vessels play an important role in the tympanic membrane. 相似文献
10.
J. Wang T. A. Ludwig P. M. Narins 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1996,178(2):159-172
We investigated directionalities of eardrum vibration and auditory nerve response in anesthetized northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens pipiens). Simultaneous measures of eardrum velocities and firing rates from 282 auditory nerve fibers were obtained in response to free-field sounds from eight directions in the horizontal plane. Sound pressure at the external surface of the ipsilateral eardrum was kept constant for each presentation direction (± 0.5 dB). Significant effects of sound direction on eardrum velocity were shown in 90% of the cases. Maximum or minimum eardrum velocity was observed more often when sounds were presented from the lateral and posterior fields, or from the anterior and contralateral fields, respectively. Firing rates of 38% of the fibers were significantly affected by sound direction and maximum or minimum firing rate was observed more frequently when sounds were delivered from the lateral fields, or from the anterior and contralateral fields, respectively. Directionality patterns of eardrum velocity and nerve firing also vary with sound frequency. Statistically significant correlation between eardrum velocity and nerve fiber firing rate was demonstrated in only 45% of the fibers, suggesting that sound transmission to the inner ear through extratympanic pathways plays a non-trivial role in the genesis of directionality of auditory nerve responses.Abbreviations CF characteristic frequency - SVL snout-vent length - TM tympanic membrane 相似文献
11.
目的:探讨鼓膜置管术对分泌性中耳炎(SOM)患儿术后生活质量的影响,为临床治疗SOM患儿提供理论参考。方法:采用中文版本《慢性耳病调查量表》(CCES)、中耳炎儿童生活质量调查问卷(OM-6)评分和儿童行为量表(CBCL)对我院2016年1月到2019年8月收治的300例SOM患儿行鼓膜置管术前术后进行评分,比较分析鼓膜置管术对患者生活质量的影响。结果:治疗后,患儿CCES各项目分值较治疗前均明显升高(P0.05),患者OM-6调查问卷评分在听力丧失、情感障碍、身体疼痛、活动限制及家长担忧五个方面分值均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,男患儿CBCL调查在抑郁、社交退缩、多动、攻击性、分裂样及强迫性六个方面评分明显低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);女患儿CBCL调查在抑郁、社交退缩、多动、攻击性及分裂强迫五个方面评分明显低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:SOM患儿鼓膜置管术后临床症状和生活质量改善明显,鼓膜置管术是分泌性中耳炎患儿患儿有效的治疗措施。 相似文献
12.
实现对蜜蜂蜂群的实时动态监测,有助于养蜂业的数字化与智能化发展,对大幅提升养蜂管理水平具有重要意义。深度学习作为人工智能的一种新的研究方向,目前已被广泛应用于昆虫分类学、行为学、害虫生物防治等领域。随着深度学习检测算法的迅速发展,基于深度学习的蜜蜂蜂群监测技术不断涌现,为智能化养蜂提供了可能。为促进深度学习在蜜蜂领域的进一步应用,本文梳理了深度学习在蜜蜂的物种识别、行为跟踪监测、蜂群健康监测和蜂巢监测等方面的研究进展,分析了深度学习技术在蜜蜂蜂群监测研究及应用中存在的一些问题和未来发展方向,为深度学习在蜜蜂领域的应用提出了建议。 相似文献
13.
目的:对比分析经鼓膜穿刺与肌肉注射鼠神经生长因子对突发性耳聋的治疗效果。方法:选择2014年1月～2016年12月在西安体育学院健康科学系进行诊治的75例突发性耳聋患者,将所有患者随机分为鼓膜穿刺组(n=37例)和肌肉注射组(n=38例)。肌肉注射组患者采用肌肉注射的方法给予鼠神经生长因子治疗,每次20μg,每天1次;鼓膜穿刺组患者采用经鼓膜穿刺方法给予治疗鼠神经生长因子治疗,每次20μg,每天1次。两组均治疗14 d。比较两组的临床治疗效果、治疗前后纯音听阈值的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,鼓膜穿刺组痊愈9例,显效14例,有效22例,无效3例,有效率为91.89%(34/37),明显高于肌肉注射组[73.68%(28/38)](P0.05);两组纯音听阈值均与治疗前相比均明显降低(P0.05),且鼓膜穿刺组明显低于肌肉注射组(P0.05)。两组突发性耳聋患者治疗过程中均未出现明显的不良反应。结论:经鼓膜穿刺鼠神经生长因子治疗突发性耳聋的临床效果明显优于肌肉注射,且安全性较高。 相似文献
14.
PurposeLow-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) is the most common imaging modality for lung cancer diagnosis. The presence of nodules in the scans does not necessarily portend lung cancer, as there is an intricate relationship between nodule characteristics and lung cancer. Therefore, benign-malignant pulmonary nodule classification at early detection is a crucial step to improve diagnosis and prolong patient survival. The aim of this study is to propose a method for predicting nodule malignancy based on deep abstract features.MethodsTo efficiently capture both intra-nodule heterogeneities and contextual information of the pulmonary nodules, a dual pathway model was developed to integrate the intra-nodule characteristics with contextual attributes. The proposed approach was implemented with both supervised and unsupervised learning schemes. A random forest model was added as a second component on top of the networks to generate the classification results. The discrimination power of the model was evaluated by calculating the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) metric.ResultsExperiments on 1297 manually segmented nodules show that the integration of context and target supervised deep features have a great potential for accurate prediction, resulting in a discrimination power of 0.936 in terms of AUROC, which outperformed the classification performance of the Kaggle 2017 challenge winner.ConclusionEmpirical results demonstrate that integrating nodule target and context images into a unified network improves the discrimination power, outperforming the conventional single pathway convolutional neural networks. 相似文献
15.
目的:探讨中耳炎一期鼓室成形术后听力重建效果及影响因素。方法:2008年6月至2019年9月在本院耳鼻咽喉科进行手术治疗的中耳炎患者70例,所有患者都给予乳突切除和鼓室成形术,其中行上鼓室切开+鼓室成形术3例,行完桥式乳突切除+鼓室成形术2例,行完壁式乳突切除+鼓室成形术25例,行开放式乳突切除+鼓室成形术40例;行Ⅰ型鼓室成形术24例,行Ⅱ型鼓室成形术42例,行Ⅲ型鼓室成形术4例;用颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜的29例,用耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体41例。计算术前和术后气骨导间距(air-bone gap),即500 Hz、1 KHz、2 KHz和4 KHz 4个频率气导均值与骨导均值的差,术后气骨导间距不大于20 dB为有效,归于有效组,大于20 dB为无效,归于无效组。结果:有效例数为42例,无效例数为28例,有效率为60%。将术前和术后气骨导间距进行配对t检验和直线相关分析,两者有显著性差异(P0.05)和显著性相关(P0.05)。将术后听力效果(即有效和无效)作为因变量,以病人性别、病人年龄、病程、随访间隔、中耳炎种类、手术类型、鼓室成形类型和修补材料作为自变量,行Logisitic回归分析,未能发现对术后听力效果有影响的因素(P0.05)。结论:大多数患者受益于一期听力重建,部分患者听力重建效果不佳,其成因有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
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B. Hedwig J. Meyer 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1994,174(1):121-131
During stridulation in the gomphocerine grasshopper Omocestus viridulus the leg movements, sound pattern and either summed auditory nerve activity or single interneuron activity were recorded. Simultaneous laser interferometric and vibrometric measurements of the displacement and velocity of the tympanic membrane were performed at the pyriform vesicle (d-receptor group). Slow displacements of the tympanic membrane occur in phase with the ventilatory and stridulatory rhythm and reach 10 mpeak-peak and 1–3 mpeak-peak in amplitude, respectively. Additionally, the tympanic membrane oscillates maximally in the range 5–10 kHz. These high-frequency oscillations are due to sound production and motor activity and correspond in amplitude to oscillations evoked by sound pressures of 90-dB SPL. They activate the auditory receptors during most of the stridulatory cycle even during mute stridulation. Only at the lower reversal point of the leg movement are membrane vibrations and receptor activity at a minimum. As a consequence the response of receptors and interneurons to auditory stimuli are generally impaired and an auditory response of receptors and interneurons can be elicited only during a short period at the lower reversal point. Although in this phase of the stridulatory cycle auditory sensitivity is present, males do not show phonotactic responses towards female songs during ongoing own stridulation. 相似文献
18.
《IRBM》2022,43(5):362-371
ObjectivesHyperspectral imaging (HSI) has great potential in detecting the health conditions of neonates as it provides diagnostic information about the tissue by avoiding tissue biopsy. HSI gives more features than thermal imaging, which can obtain images in a single wavelength, as it can obtain images in a large number of wavelengths. The data obtained with hyperspectral sensors are 3-dimensional data called hypercube including first two-dimensional spatial information and third-dimensional spectral information.Material and methodsIn this study, hyperspectral data were obtained from 19 different neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Selcuk University, Medical Faculty. There are 16 hypercubes from 16 unhealthy neonates, 16 hypercubes from 3 healthy neonates in a period of three months, and 32 hypercubes in total are available. For the training of 3D-CNN model, data augmentation methods, such as rotation, height shifting, width shifting, and shearing were applied to hyperspectral data. A number of 32 hypercubes taken from neonates in NICU were augmented to 160 hypercubes. Spectral signatures were examined and 51 bands in the range of 700-850 nm with distinctive features were used for the classification. The spectral dimension was reduced by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to all hypercubes. In addition, it is aimed to obtain both spectral and spatial features with the 3D-CNN. For increasing the classification efficiency, ROI extraction was made and four datasets were created in different spatial dimensions. These datasets contain 160, 640, 1440, and 5760 hypercubes, respectively.ResultsThe best result was achieved by using 5760 hypercubes of 25x25x51. As a result of the classification of the hypercubes, accuracy 98.00%, sensitivity 97.22%, and specificity 98.78% were obtained. It was determined how many PCs used to achieve the best result. Further, the proposed 3D-CNN model is compared to 2D-CNN model to evaluate the performance of the study.ConclusionIt was aimed to evaluate the health status of neonates fastly by using HSI and 3D-CNN for the first time. The obtained results are an indication that HSI and 3D-CNN are very effective for the evaluation of unhealthy and healthy neonates. 相似文献
19.
《IRBM》2022,43(2):114-119
The most widely used novel coronavirus (COVID-19) detection technique is a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, RT-PCR kits are costly and take 6-9 hours to confirm infection in the patient. Due to less sensitivity of RT-PCR, it provides high false-negative results. To resolve this problem, radiological imaging techniques such as chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) are used to detect and diagnose COVID-19. In this paper, chest X-rays is preferred over CT scan. The reason behind this is that X-rays machines are available in most of the hospitals. X-rays machines are cheaper than the CT scan machine. Besides this, X-rays has low ionizing radiations than CT scan. COVID-19 reveals some radiological signatures that can be easily detected through chest X-rays. For this, radiologists are required to analyze these signatures. However, it is a time-consuming and error-prone task. Hence, there is a need to automate the analysis of chest X-rays. The automatic analysis of chest X-rays can be done through deep learning-based approaches, which may accelerate the analysis time. These approaches can train the weights of networks on large datasets as well as fine-tuning the weights of pre-trained networks on small datasets. However, these approaches applied to chest X-rays are very limited. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to develop an automated deep transfer learning-based approach for detection of COVID-19 infection in chest X-rays by using the extreme version of the Inception (Xception) model. Extensive comparative analyses show that the proposed model performs significantly better as compared to the existing models. 相似文献