油松叶小卷蛾的生物学特性及防治研究

油松叶小卷蛾在河北省围场县培内危害油松较严重,本文对该虫的生物学特性进行了观察,并对其防治方法进行了初步研究。该虫１年１代,以卵在当年生针叶内侧凹槽内越冬。在幼虫６０％进入３龄时用烟雾机施放高效氯氰菊脂乳油烟雾,防治效果可达９０％以上;用同样方法在成虫羽化高峰期防治１次,杀虫率可达９９％以上。     

葡萄斑叶蝉的生物学特性及防治

葡萄斑叶蝉在豫西各地每年发生3代,以成虫在落叶下、杂草丛等越冬。发生盛期在7月下旬及8月上旬。可采用以下方法防治：秋末清扫落叶并销毁;成虫产卵盛期人工摘虫叶;喷洒20％杀灭菊酯3000倍稀释液或50％辛硫磷2000倍稀释液,杀虫效果可达90％。     

樟树水浸液的灭螺效果

研究了新鲜樟树的茎皮、根皮和叶的水浸液对钉螺的杀灭效果。结果表明：通过一定时间的处理,樟树水浸液对钉螺有明显的毒杀作用。其中,0．5％以上的茎皮和根皮的水浸液对钉螺具有35％-100％的毒杀作用;处理时间在72h时,死螺率可达80％-100％。0．5％的樟树根皮水浸液浸泡72h时,死螺率为95％;1％的樟树根皮水浸液浸泡72h时,死螺率为100％。当用同种水浸液浸泡时,钉螺死亡率随水浸液浓度的增加而升高;随着浸泡时间的延长,钉螺的死亡率也升高。     

小麦与珍珠栗远缘杂交的受精作用和胚胎发育

对波斯小麦、“中国春”小麦与珍珠栗远缘杂交的受精作用和胚胎发育进行了研究。珍珠栗花粉管能在小麦柱头上萌发,并且有多个花粉管进入花柱及胚囊。波斯小麦已授粉的２０７个子房中,１１．１１％既形成胚又形成胚乳,７．２５％中形成胚,而１．９３％只形成胚乳,在这个杂交中受精率和成胚率分别为２０．２９％和１８．３６％。“中国春”小麦已授粉的１６７个子房中,相应数字是２．９９％、５．９９％、０、８．９８％和８．９     

流行性出血热免疫球蛋白的研制

本文首次报告采用纯化灭活流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）Ⅰ型疫苗免疫健康献血员,采集ＥＨＦ抗体高滴度的血浆,用低温乙醇法及盐析法分离纯化三批ＥＨＦ免疫球蛋白。结果表明：（１）采用０,１,３,４（月）或０,１,４,５（月）免疫程序,疫苗剂量１～２ｍｌ（０．１５～０．３０ｍｇ蛋白）,受免献血员血清平均抗体滴度可达１∶４０６（ＥＬＩＳＡ）或１∶１１２（ＲＰＨＩ）。（２）通过生化检定,三批制品的电泳纯度为９７．０５％,９６．８４％,９９．２６％;ＩｇＧ单体和二聚体含量为８９．５５％,９１．３０％和９８．２１％。（３）用空斑抑制中和试验及免疫印染试验证明所纯化的免疫球蛋白具有抗ＥＨＦ病毒特异性。（４）三批ＥＨＦ免疫球蛋白的效价测定,结果为ＥＬＩＳＡ滴度≥１∶５１２,ＲＰＨＩ滴度≥１∶１０２４,ＰＲＮＴ（中和抗体）滴度１∶４０。按１６％蛋白计,ＥＨＦ免疫球蛋白的效价可达原料血浆的１０倍以上。（５）无菌、安全、毒性及热原质试验检定结果,全部通过《中国生物制品规程》要求。     

治疗性乙肝疫苗研究及疗效考核

我们采用治疗性乙肝疫苗（免疫复合物型和佐剂型）分别对１４５例各型乙型肝炎进行治疗,结果显示：乙肝主要指标ＡＬＴ复常率、ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ及ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转率,免疫复合物组分别为９２．９％、５０％和４１．９％;佐剂组分别为９４．１％、４２．８％和３５．２％,均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｔ细胞亚群中ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８细胞平均比值明显提高。试验表明：免疫复合物型疫苗和佐剂型疫苗对慢性肝炎,尤其是慢性活动性肝炎有较好疗效,而免疫复合物型优于佐剂型。本制剂无毒副作用,为生物制剂治疗乙型肝炎开辟了一条新途径     

狩猎期间雉鸡（♂）的年龄组成和体重的初步研究

以距长和距的色泽及弯曲状况为依据对山西省５个地区狩猎季节雄性雉鸡年龄的划分表明,当年幼鸡,１龄和２龄以上鸡各占４０．７％－４６．０％,４２．９％－４９．０％和９．６％－１２．１％。各调查区域雌雄鸡的体重范围分别是０．７３－０．８ｋｇ和０．９９－１．１０ｋｇ。１１月中旬以后,体重没有明显的季节变化。雄性幼鸡的重量低于１龄鸡,而１龄鸡的重量在有些地区低于２龄以上个体,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,在有     

复合水解酶黑曲霉HD—1固体发酵工艺研究

黑曲霉ＨＤ－１是一株分泌高单位酸性蛋白酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶、糖化酶等多种水解酶的生产菌,本研究采用单因素搜索和正交试验对其固体发酵工艺进行优化,并采用中心组合设计进行扩大生产试验,结果表明酶活可达;酸性蛋白酶１．１万Ｕ左右,果胶酶９千Ｕ以上,纤维素ＣＸ酶１．１万Ｕ左右,纤维素ＣＬ酶４千Ｕ以上,糖化酶７千Ｕ左右。     

绿僵菌在土壤中的延续及控制桃小食心虫的潜力

研究了金龟子绿僵茵（Ｍｅｔａｒｈｉｚｉｕｍａｎｉｓｏｐｌｉａｅ）在土壤中的发育过程、数量消长及控制桃小食心虫的潜力．结果表明,接种６２~８２ｄ后所有处理的ＣＦＵ均降低８０％以上,１２１~２３４ｄ后降低９９％以上．在灭菌和不灭菌土壤中,分生孢子初始接种量的半衰期分别为２８．５ｄ和２３．８ｄ,干菌丝粉分别为２６．９ｄ和１９．６ｄ．在土壤接种后１００ｄ,将桃小食心虫冬茧接入土壤,冬茧被侵染产孢后补偿了带菌量的下降,２７８ｄＣＦＵ比不接冬茧土壤第２７１ｄ的带菌量大１０００倍．在土壤接种后,不同时间接入土壤的冬茧死亡率直到第１３１ｄ还保持在９０％以上,但到第２３７ｄ降至９．３％．未用绿僵菌处理的土壤中接入的桃小食心虫冬茧无死亡发生．小区试验中,在１５、２２．５、３０和３７．５ｋｇ·ｈｍ（－２）分生抱孢制剂剂量下死亡率达９７．０~１００％,而蛀果率仅为２．７~５．０％．在陕北进行了大田试验面积达６７０ｈｍ２,剂量为２２．５ｋｇ·ｈｍ（－２）分生孢子制剂．蛀果率降至２．４％,未处理果园则高达３０％．     

巴氏醋酸杆菌纤维素合成条件初探

通过试验探索出巴氏醋酸杆菌在蛋白胨１．０％、酵母浸膏０．５％、蔗糖２．０％、柠檬酸０．１１５％,乙醇１％、Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４０．５％,ｐＨ６．０培养基中,合成纤维素的最佳条件：３０℃,静置培养６ｄ,细菌纤维素最大产量可达９．８５ｇ／Ｌ。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.