香菇‘申香1644’的选育报告

香菇‘申香1644’是以传统优质栽培品种‘申香215’为亲本,采用多孢自交育种技术选育的新品种。其菌盖纵切面呈凸形,菌盖直径(6.15±0.38) cm,菌盖厚度(2.27±0.42) cm,菇型圆整,菇质紧实,产量高,生物学转化率95%以上。与亲本相比,‘申香1644’在分子标记和栽培性状上均具有明显差异性,其菌盖为浅黄褐色,颜色较亲本浅;菌龄100-105 d,较亲本缩短5-10 d。‘申香1644’菌丝生长适宜温度为22-26 ℃,原基发育适宜温度为16-22 ℃,可在全国范围内进行代料栽培。     

黑木耳‘高原云耳2号’的选育

‘高原云耳2号’由采自云南省普洱市景东县哀牢山的一株野生黑木耳多次分离和反复驯化,通过连续6年的系统选育、评价筛选而育成。该品种为中早熟、广温广适型新品种。子实体多单生,小口出耳单片率高,耳片厚、大小适中、边缘圆整、质地硬脆,背面青灰至灰黑色、腹面黑色、有光泽,耳脉少,平均产量55-65g/袋,商品性佳,抗性强。适于1 500-2 200m高海拔地区立体袋栽。     

香菇‘豫香2号’的选育报告

‘豫香2号’是从河南省卢氏县伏牛山地区采集的野生香菇子实体,经过多次组织分离和驯化等系统选育而获得的优良品种,适宜河南省中高海拔区域种植。该品种子实体中等,多单生,菌盖圆整、浅褐色,菌柄呈倒圆锥形,产量高,鲜销耐储存。     

Do we still need animals? Surveying the role of animal‐free models in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease research

The use of animals in neuroscience and biomedical research remains controversial. Policy is built around the “3R” principle of “Refining, Reducing and Replacing” animal experiments, and across the globe, different initiatives stimulate the use of animal‐free methods. Based on an extensive literature screen to map the development and adoption of animal‐free methods in Alzheimer''s and Parkinson''s disease research, we find that at least two in three examined studies rely on animals or on animal‐derived models. Among the animal‐free studies, the relative contribution of innovative models that may replace animal experiments is limited. We argue that the distinction between animal research and alternative models presents a false dichotomy, as the role and scientific value of both animal and animal‐free approaches are intertwined. Calls to halt all animal experiments appear premature, as insufficient non‐animal‐based alternatives are available and their development lags behind. In light of this, we highlight the need for objective, unprejudiced monitoring, and more robust performance indicators of animal‐free approaches.     

中国美味蘑菇‘申美1号’的选育

中国美味蘑菇Agaricus sinodeliciosus‘申美1号’品种是野生种人工驯化、选育而来。经过多年的示范栽培表明：‘申美1号’具有中温生长（菌丝生长23℃,出菇16-18℃）,产量较高（生物学效率50%）,菌龄较短（53d）,菇型圆整,菇质紧实,香味浓郁,遗传稳定性高等优良特性,适宜于中国美味蘑菇菌袋栽培模式,能够满足设施化栽培用种需求。     

斑玉蕈‘闽真5号’的选育报告

斑玉蕈‘闽真5号’品种系以‘闽真3号’与‘白玉-01’作为亲本,通过原生质体单核化杂交育种技术选育获得。该品种菌盖白色,呈半球形,表面斑纹少而小。鲜菇蛋白质含量2.1%,氨基酸总量1.43%。示范栽培表明,‘闽真5号’菌丝最适培养温度20-27 ℃,子实体生长发育温度12-17 ℃,袋栽菌包培养周期为110 d,出菇周期为28 d,平均单袋产量635.17 g/袋。该品种具有栽培周期短、产量高、商品性状好等优良性状,适用于袋栽工厂化周年栽培。     

银耳‘绣银1号’的选育报告

银耳‘绣银1号’由福建省安溪县采集的野生银耳(TWW01-AX)经多次分离纯化和反复驯化系统选育而成。适合袋栽、瓶栽和段木栽培,银耳菌丝白色或淡黄色,具有锁状联合,子实体由多片波浪状卷曲的耳片组成绣球状或菊花状,耳片边缘呈锯齿状,不规则;新鲜银耳呈淡黄色、半透明。栽培周期约为43 d,鲜耳平均直径13.4 cm,厚度7.0 cm,干耳平均产量81.9 g/袋,相比于主栽品种,总糖含量高,耳心硬度部分小,子实体隆起度高,适应性广,稳定性强,有良好的生产应用价值。     

猴头菌‘川猴菇1号’的选育

猴头菌新品种‘川猴菇1号’是从黑龙江海林市采集到的野生猴头菌（HT2000）经系统选育而成,适宜四川省凉山州地区及类似生态区域栽培。菌丝生长最适温度为20-25℃,出菇最适温度15-20℃,生育期45-50d,单个子实体130-170g,呈白色至黄白色,中实有弹性,生物转化率85%。     

肺形侧耳‘杭秀2号’的选育

肺形侧耳‘杭秀2号’以‘台秀57’菌株为亲本采用多孢自交育种技术选育而成。该品种菌丝生长适温26-28℃,子实体生长发育适温22-28℃。菌盖扇形,深灰色,菌盖大小平均为4.38cm×3.65cm;菌柄圆柱形,白色,直径平均为1.06cm。鲜菇蛋白质含量2.94%,氨基酸总量2.54%。示范栽培表明,‘杭秀2号’平均生物学效率为71.2%。低温刺激后,经5-6d可完成一茬菇采收。该品种具有出菇整齐、商品性好等优良性状,适于设施栽培。     

黑木耳‘高原云耳3号’的选育报告

‘高原云耳3号’由采自云南保山大平坦山区的一株野生黑木耳,通过驯化栽培、组织分离等多代自然选育获得。子实体大小中等,耳片中间层厚、腹面和背面易分离;呈浅口圆碗状,有光泽,质地柔软,无耳脉。采用小孔栽培,开口10 d左右现芽,出耳温度10-26 ℃。产量高,抗逆性强,是性状较好的一个中早熟中低温型品种。适宜海拔1 000-2 000 m的低纬高原地区规模化栽培。     

毛木耳‘昊阳黄背2号’的选育报告

毛木耳新品种‘昊阳黄背2号’是以采自什邡市龙泉山的野生毛木耳子实体经系统选育而成,适宜四川省成都市、德阳市等种植毛木耳的区域栽培。菌丝生长最适温度为24-30 ℃,子实体最适生长温度为25-28 ℃。耳片呈耳形或不规则形,子实体丛生;耳片边缘光滑,颜色深红褐色。平均每袋干耳产量为203 g。     

长期水淹对‘中山杉118’幼苗呼吸代谢的影响

中山杉(Taxodium ‘Zhongshansha’)具有极强的耐淹性, 但其耐淹机理仍没有明确。该研究以‘中山杉118’ (Taxodium ‘Zhongshansha 118’)幼苗为对象, 在经过93天不同水淹处理(对照、水浸、浅淹、深淹)后测定中山杉叶片和根系的无氧呼吸酶活性、淀粉及可溶性糖含量、生物量以及根系活力, 从能量消耗的角度初步探索了中山杉的耐淹性。结果表明: 长期水淹使中山杉叶片与根系中3种无氧呼吸酶(乙醇脱氢酶、丙酮酸脱羧酶、乳酸脱氢酶)活性显著增加, 且叶片与根系的乙醇脱氢酶活性均高于乳酸脱氢酶活性, 中山杉的根系和叶片是通过加强以酒精发酵为主的无氧呼吸适应长期缺氧环境; 不同水淹处理的叶片中3种无氧呼吸酶活性均高于根系, 叶片对缺氧环境更加敏感; 中山杉叶片和根系淀粉、可溶性糖含量均随水淹深度的增加显著增加, 根系淀粉含量显著高于叶片, 可溶性糖含量低于叶片; 中山杉根系淀粉含量高是其能够长期忍受水淹的重要原因, 且中山杉适应长期水淹的策略为忍耐型; 经受长期水淹后中山杉根茎结合部长出气生根及茎基部膨大, 同时根系外壁的木质化能将根系与外部水淹环境隔离, 具有很强的耐淹性, 可作为湿地生态修复、消落带生物治理的优良植物材料。     

暗褐网柄牛肝菌‘YL1701-2’的选育报告

以野生驯化栽培品种HZ14080和野生菌株HZ16009为亲本,经孢子单核菌丝有性杂交选育获得YL1701-2。其菌丝生长适温25-32 ℃,子实体发育适温25-32 ℃。该品种具有菌柄粗壮、菌盖厚且大、菇肉紧实、出菇早、抗逆能力强、生长周期短、出菇整齐、成品率较高和产量高的优势;具有伤后不变或轻微变色、特有土味淡和商品化程度高的特点。既可袋栽也可瓶栽,但以瓶栽为主。目前该菌株已大量用于生产且已获得专利授权。     

Plasmodium knowlesi infecting humans in Southeast Asia: What’s next?

Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, has been in the limelight since a large focus of human P. knowlesi infection was reported from Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) in 2004. Although this infection is transmitted across Southeast Asia, the largest number of cases has been reported from Malaysia. The increasing number of knowlesi malaria cases has been attributed to the use of molecular tools for detection, but environmental changes including deforestation likely play a major role by increasing human exposure to vector mosquitoes, which coexist with the macaque host. In addition, with the reduction in human malaria transmission in Southeast Asia, it is possible that human populations are at a greater risk of P. knowlesi infection due to diminishing cross-species immunity. Furthermore, the possibility of increasing exposure of humans to other simian Plasmodium parasites such as Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium inui should not be ignored. We here review the current status of these parasites in humans, macaques, and mosquitoes to support necessary reorientation of malaria control and elimination in the affected areas.     

Is the mechanism of COVID-19 coagulopathy still a rabbit’s hole?

The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is an enigma with its severity often determined by the extent of coagulopathy. Several regulatory pathways targeted by the SARS-CoV-2 include the renin-angiotensin system, von Willebrand Factor, and most importantly, the complement pathway. This article discusses these pathways to help design potential future therapies.