高溶纤酶活性枯草芽孢杆菌的分离筛选与鉴定

从多个枯草样品中分离纯化得到 2 0株芽孢杆菌 ,并进行了鉴定。通过对固体发酵所产生的溶纤酶的研究 ,发现均能不同程度地产生溶纤酶 ,其中菌株FM-S1、FM-S2、FM-S8、FM-S6、FM-S11产生的溶纤酶活性均高于日本的纳豆杆菌。同时对筛选的菌株的形态和菌落形态、生理生化特性进行鉴定 ,确认所筛选到产酶菌株均属于枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillussubtilis。另外 ,对FM S2作固体发酵确定在熟大豆上枯草杆菌溶纤酶生物合成的模式为同步合成型。     

中药源芽孢杆菌抗病原真菌菌株的筛选与鉴定

从20种中药中分离纯化得到48株芽孢杆菌,其中25株对10种植物病原菌中至少一种具有拮抗作用,7株抗菌谱较广,其中1株广谱抗菌能力极强。25株有抗性菌株经纯化培养对其进行菌体菌落形态观察和生理生化特征鉴定,其中8株芽孢杆菌被初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌,3株被初步鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌,1株被初步鉴定为纳豆芽孢杆菌,1株被初步鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌,发现两种可能对芽孢杆菌有抑制作用的中药。     

一株来自蚯蚓的产纤溶酶蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus的筛选及鉴定

对来自4个不同省份的5条蚯蚓的肠道及体表细菌进行分离,共获得122株细菌。通过脱脂奶粉平板法初筛,纤维蛋白平板法复筛,以透明圈为筛选标记,共筛选出产纤溶酶菌株12株,其中菌株SC-3-W-3的纤溶酶活力较高,达到了538.64 U/mL(相当于尿激酶的活力单位)。通过对其形态、培养、生理生化特征进行研究,发现其与蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus Frankland的特征很相符。进一步对SC-3-W-3的16S rDNA序列及系统发育分析表明,该菌株与蜡状芽孢杆菌的同源性高达100%。综合生理生化及16S rDNA序列比对结果,将SC-3-W-3菌株鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌。     

豆豉纤溶酶高产菌株的筛选研究

以中国豆豉为材料,取6个不同来源的样品经富集培养后,用自制血纤维蛋白平板进行初筛;利用LB纤维蛋白平板复筛与血琼脂平板进行体外溶血试验相结合的方法,筛选出安全性良好并有一定纤溶活性的菌株。再对复筛得到的菌株进行摇瓶培养,用纤维蛋白平板法测定并比较不同菌株发酵液的纤溶活性。结果成功地筛选出5株纤溶活性高和通过溶血性实验的芽孢杆菌菌株,其中菌株DC-C4粗酶液的酶活稍高,达到280IU/mL。采用16S-23S rDNA序列分析法及传统的生理生化特征鉴定法对该菌株进行鉴定,确定菌株DC-C4为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。本实验为开发新型溶栓药物及保健食品提供了实验参考依据。     

一株高产纳豆激酶菌株的鉴定与分析

鉴定高产纳豆激酶菌株Td,分析纳豆激酶的分子特征。利用菌体形态、生理生化特征、以及分子生物学方法对菌株Td进行鉴定;并采用MALDI-TOF质谱测定与分析、SDS-PAGE和纤溶活性测定等方法检测纳豆激酶特性,利用PCR方法扩增纳豆激酶的基因全长。结合菌体形态、生理生化特征和16S r DNA、gyr A基因序列、DNA-DNA杂交率等实验结果,鉴定菌株Td为枯草芽孢杆菌枯草亚种(Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis);菌株Td发酵产生的纳豆激酶产量可达300 mg/L以上,占发酵液总蛋白的40%以上;纤溶活性达230 U/m L以上;氨基酸序列与subtilisin E的序列相似性最高;基因全长序列为1 143 bp。枯草芽孢杆菌枯草亚种Td是一株高产、高活性纳豆激酶的产生菌,具有优良的工业化开发价值。     

来自光裸方格星虫产纤溶酶蜡状芽孢杆菌的鉴定

对广西北部湾光裸方格星虫中产纤溶酶菌株进行筛选和鉴定,结合脱脂乳平板与纤维蛋白板筛选出产纤溶酶菌株,并对其粗酶液的血栓溶解机制进行了体外初步研究。结果显示,从光裸方格星虫获得5株产纤溶酶菌株,其中GXUSP-1菌株纤溶酶粗酶活力(相当尿激酶酶活力单位)为303.2 U/mL,经初步鉴定该菌为蜡状芽孢杆菌属,属于海洋共生菌,该菌株粗酶液能通过直接和间接两种方式溶解血栓,且体外溶解血栓作用显著。GXUSP-1具有良好的潜在工业应用价值。     

一株产纤溶酶菌株的分离鉴定及其纤溶组分分析

【目的】筛选性能良好的产纤溶酶菌株,对菌株进行多项分类鉴定,分析其纤溶酶系的组成特征及纤溶能力。【方法】通过酪蛋白培养基初筛,琼脂-纤维蛋白双层平板复筛,从海泥、土壤等环境中筛选纤维蛋白降解菌,以尿激酶为标准测定纤溶酶活性。通过形态学、生理生化特征研究,结合16S rDNA基因序列分析菌株种类及系统分类地位。通过SDS-PAGE和纤维蛋白酶谱法分析胞外纤溶酶系的组成特征。【结果】筛选到一株能降解纤维蛋白的细菌CNY16,鉴定其为沙福芽孢杆菌(Bacillus safensis)。该酶为胞外酶,SDS-PAGE和纤维蛋白酶谱结果表明该纤溶酶系有至少两种分子量大小不同的纤溶酶,分别约33 kD和23 kD。能有效溶解血块中纤维蛋白,并且对红细胞无降解作用。【结论】细菌CNY16是一株新的纤溶酶产生菌,纤溶酶活性及稳定性较好,具有潜在开发价值。为获取新型纤溶酶提供了一种新的菌源。     

响应面法优化解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵产豆豉纤溶酶的工艺条件

纤溶酶是指能专一降解纤维蛋白凝胶的蛋白水解酶,可用于治疗脑梗死、高凝血状态及血栓性脉管炎等外周血管疾病。解淀粉芽孢杆菌JXNUWX-1是一株从豆豉中分离得到的高产纤溶酶菌株,并保存于中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC No.M2014638)。本研究利用单因素试验和响应曲面法对JXNUWX-1菌株产纤溶酶的发酵条件进行了优化。在单因素试验的基础上通过Design-Expert软件对玉米淀粉、牛肉粉、初始p H这三个较显著的因素进行响应面试验设计,最终获得最佳发酵条件为:玉米淀粉浓度为2.91%,牛肉粉的浓度为1.76%,最适p H为7.47,在此条件下,酶活力为346.62 IU/m L,较优化前纤溶酶活力提高了8.9倍。本研究为解淀粉芽孢杆菌JXNUWX-1大规模生产纤溶酶提供理论依据。     

一株产纤溶酶凝结芽孢杆菌的筛选及其生物学特性

为了筛选性能良好的产纤溶酶菌株,本研究通过脱脂乳平板及纤维蛋白平板双层筛选从传统发酵食品豆豉中,分离到1株具有溶解纤维蛋白能力的凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans) HQ-1。分析其发酵上清液中纤溶酶的纤溶能力、组成特征和作用方式,并研究菌株HQ-1生物学特性。结果表明:菌株HQ-1发酵上清液中的纤溶酶活力为383.1 U/mL;Native-PAGE实验表明HQ-1发酵上清液中能溶解纤维蛋白的纤溶酶组分仅有一种,并且通过激活纤溶酶原实现HQ-1降解纤维蛋白。HQ-1生物学特性实验表明:菌株HQ-1对阿莫西林等11种常见抗生素敏感;对沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用显著。菌株HQ-1产纤溶酶活性及稳定性较好,具有潜在开发价值,本研究结果为产纤溶酶微生物资源的开发提供理论依据。     

曾候乙墓穴木椁微生物的分离与鉴定

从曾侯乙墓中椁室、东椁室、西椁室和北椁室分别取样,经平板划线培养,分离,纯化共获得典型的菌株16株。将16株分别涂片镜检,生理生化分析鉴定,结果证明芽孢杆菌属11株,其中苏云金变种1株,地衣芽孢杆菌1株,巨大芽孢杆菌1株,球形芽孢杆菌5株,蜡状芽孢杆菌2株,多粘芽孢杆菌1株。其余菌株微杆菌属4株,黄色杆菌属黄杆菌1株。     

Novel inhibitors of Leishmanial dihydrofolate reductase

The program DOCK3.5 was used to search the Cambridge Structural Database for novel inhibitors of Leishmanial dihydrofolate reductase. A number of compounds were obtained and screened against the enzyme and against the intact parasite Leishmania donovani and the related organisms Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi. The compounds screened showed weak activity in both the enzyme assays and the in vitro assays.     

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): a Novel Source of L-asparaginase

Different parts of plant species belonging to Solanaceae and Fabaceae families were screened for L-asparaginase enzyme (E.C.3.5.1.1.). Among 34 plant species screened for L-asparaginase enzyme, Withania somnifera L. Was identified as a potential source of the enzyme on the basis of high specific activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was purified and characterized from W. Somnifera, a popular medicinal plant in South East Asia and Southern Europe. Purification was carried out by a combination of protein precipitation with ammonium sulfate as well as Sephadex-gel filtration. The purified enzyme is a homodimer, with a molecular mass of 72±0.5 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisand size exclusion chromatography. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 8.5 and an optimum temperature of 37℃. The Km value for the enzyme is 6.1×10-2 mmol/L. This is the first report for L-asparaginase from W. Somnifera, a traditionally used Indian medicinal plant.     

Hydrolysis of pectin: an enzymatic approach and its application in banana fiber processing

Sediment samples were collected from different estuarine and marine areas along the West coast of India. Eighteen actinomycete cultures were isolated using starch casein agar and were screened for polygalacturonase activity by growing them on pectin-agar plates. Clear zones were visualized using 1% cetrimide. Out of the 18 strains screened ten cultures could effect hydrolysis of pectin. The above cultures were subjected to secondary screening under submerged fermentation. The actinomycete strain of Streptomyces lydicus was found to be a potent producer of polygalacturonase. Different growth media were screened for enzyme production and the best medium was selected for further studies. The crude enzyme was used for the treatment of raw banana fibers.     

适冷海洋细菌交替假单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.)MB-1内切葡聚糖酶基因的克隆和表达

从黄海深海海底淤泥中筛选出一株产纤维素酶的适冷革兰氏阴性杆菌MB 1,克隆和分析了MB 1的 16SrDNA序列 (GenBank接受号 :AY5 5 132 1) ,经鉴定为交替假单胞菌 (Pseudoalteromonas) ,命名为Pseudoalteromonassp .MB 1。克隆了该菌适冷内切葡聚糖酶基因celA(GenBank接受号 :AY5 5 132 2 ) ,并在大肠杆菌 (Escherichiacoli)BL2 1中进行了表达。重组E .coli菌体破碎后 ,获取上清液 ,其中融合蛋白GST CelA浓度约为 78 5mg L。分析了融合酶GST CelA的性质 ,其最适反应温度为 35℃ ,最适反应pH值为 7 2 ,为中性适冷酶。实验结果为交替假单胞菌低温纤维素酶的基础理论和应用研究奠定了基础     

Enzyme inhibition activities of the extracts from rhizomes of Gloriosa superba Linn (Colchicaceae)

An alcoholic extract obtained from the rhizomes of Gloriosa superba Linn (Colchicaceae) was screened for enzyme inhibition activities. The crude extract and its subsequent fractions including chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous were screened against lipoxygenase, actylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and urease. An outstanding inhibition on lipoxygenase was observed. The highest enzyme inhibition potency was expressed by the chloroform fraction (90%) among the tested fractions on lipoxygenase. Overall 67-90% inhibition was found for lipoxygenase, 46-69% for acetylcholinesterase and 10-33% for butyrylcholinesterase, while urease was not inhibited.     

脱枝酶产生菌的分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

目的：从中国高校工业微生物资源与信息中心（CICIM-CU）细菌库中分离具有产脱枝酶酶活的细菌并鉴定,进行酶学性质的研究。方法：通过碘显色平板法筛选产酶菌株,利用16S rDNA确定其属种。对每一株产脱枝酶的细菌进行初步的酶学性质研究。结果：从4005株细菌中筛选出45株产脱枝酶的细菌,建立了产脱枝酶细菌的细菌库。酶学性质表明CICIM B272、CICIMB1-30两株菌产生的脱枝酶,酶反应的最适温度分别为70℃6、0℃,最适pH分别为6.0、5.5,来源于上述两种不同属种的脱枝酶在30-70℃反应条件下,酶在pH 4.5-8.5范围内活性稳定,Li＋、Na＋、K＋、Mg2＋、Mn2＋对两者酶活均有显著的激活作用,而Cu2＋、Fe3＋及EDTA对两者均有显著的抑制作用,Mn2＋、Ca2＋分别对两者的热稳定性具有很好的提升作用。以支链淀粉为底物的动力学常数Km分别为352.883mg/mL、4.5814mg/mL,Vmax分别为30.03mg/min.mL、0.4575mg/min.mL。结论：不同属种的脱枝酶酶学性质差别显著。     

Enzymatic peptide synthesis by proline iminopeptidase

Summary Proline iminopeptidase was screened for the enzymatic synthesis of peptides containing Pro. The enzyme was purified from the best strainBacillus brevis, and the partially purified enzyme was used for peptide synthesis from Pro-benzylester and Phe. The dipeptide Pro-Phe was obtained in a 40% yield.     

Enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharide containing Le(x) unit by using partially purified chicken serum

Animal sera were screened for an alternative enzyme source of alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase, and the highest activity was observed in chicken serum. A partially purified enzyme fraction almost devoid of coexisting glycosidases was prepared from the chicken serum, and used for the fucosylation of LacNAc compounds. The enzyme reaction was efficient enough to allow the one-pot preparation of designed Le(x) compounds such as LNFP III.     

Enzyme inhibition activities of the extracts from rhizomes of Gloriosa superba Linn (Colchicaceae)

An alcoholic extract obtained from the rhizomes of Gloriosa superba Linn (Colchicaceae) was screened for enzyme inhibition activities. The crude extract and its subsequent fractions including chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous were screened against lipoxygenase, actylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and urease. An outstanding inhibition on lipoxygenase was observed. The highest enzyme inhibition potency was expressed by the chloroform fraction (90%) among the tested fractions on lipoxygenase. Overall 67– 90% inhibition was found for lipoxygenase, 46-69% for acetylcholinesterase and 10–33% for butyrylcholinesterase, while urease was not inhibited.     

产碱性磷酸酶乳杆菌的筛选鉴定、酶的纯化及特性

【背景】碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)是生物体内参与磷酸代谢的调控酶,不同物种的ALP性质与其生理功能有关,提纯后的ALP常用作工具酶,广泛应用于基因工程中,但目前关于乳酸菌中ALP的相关研究甚少。【目的】筛选出一株产ALP且具有潜在益生作用的乳杆菌,对该酶进行分离纯化,并对其性质进行探究,为今后益生菌的开发利用和ALP的工业化生产提供新的微生物资源。【方法】采集蒙古国4个地区的酸马奶样品,通过显色反应初筛和酶活检测复筛对产酶菌株进行筛选,经形态学观察、生理生化鉴定及16S rRNA基因序列同源性比较分析进行菌种鉴定。采用超声破碎法提取ALP,经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-52离子交换层析、Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤层析纯化该酶,SDS-PAGE电泳法检测其纯度。【结果】从78株乳酸菌中分离筛选出一株产ALP酶活性最高的乳杆菌(编号为Z23),16S rRNA基因序列长度为1 473 bp,鉴定结果表明为鼠李糖乳杆菌。纯化后的酶比活力为180.27 U/mg,纯化倍数为48.37,酶活回收率为17.05%,该酶亚基相对分子质量为46.7 kD。菌株所产ALP的最适温度为37℃,4℃时酶活最为稳定;最适pH为9.5,在pH 9.0-10.0之间,酶活稳定性可达90%以上;Mg2+和K+对ALP有明显激活作用,Ba2+和Cu2+在低浓度时对ALP有激活作用,高浓度时有抑制作用,Ca~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和EDTA对ALP有强烈的抑制作用。以不同浓度的p-NPP为底物,测得酶的Km值为3.42 mmol/L,Vmax值为1.24 mmol/(L·min)。【结论】本研究对蒙古国地区酸马奶中的益生菌资源有了更为明确的认知,为今后碱性磷酸酶产生菌的筛选和酶的应用开辟了新途径。