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1.
本文根据有关细胞学和形态学资料.不同意Schlarbaum等以红杉没有水杉的具长着丝点区域的标记染色体来否定水杉(属)是红杉的亲本,同时认为,他们提出某种杉木属植物为红杉提供了染色体组而是它的亲本的意见难以成立,从而支持Stebbins的假设,水杉(属)可能是北美红杉的一个亲本。而且,它或许还是一个父本。  相似文献   

2.
从核型看北美红杉的起源   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文分析了同源异源自然六倍体北美红杉的AA和B染色体组的组型,它们属Stebbins的“1A”和“1B”,经与杉科各属植物的核型比较后发现分别与相同类型的水杉和巨杉最为接近,因而认为水杉属和巨杉属的某个古代种可能是北美红杉的二个杂交亲本,水杉和巨杉则或许是它们的后裔或近缘。本研究支持Stebbins认为水杉属的某个古代种是红杉的一个祖先而水杉是它的直接后裔的假设,但与他认为另一个祖先已经灭绝并没有留下近缘的推测存在分歧。  相似文献   

3.
北美红杉起源的时间和地点的探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据笔者认为的北美红杉的亲本可能是分别以水杉、巨杉为直接后裔或留下近缘的水杉属和巨杉属的二个古代种及Florin的古植物学资料,本文推测北美红杉这个AAAABB同源异源多倍体(autoallopolyploid)杂交起源的时间和地点有三种可能:(1)中新世的美国西部(以俄勒冈州及其附近为中心);(2)古新世的格陵兰岛西海岸;(3)晚白垩纪的美国中西部(包括怀俄明州、科罗拉多州)。其中第一个推测的可能性更大。  相似文献   

4.
几种生长调节物质对北美红杉组织培养的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文探讨几种生长调节物质对北美红杉组织培养的影响。实验以北美红杉 (Sequoiasemper virens)组培芽为材料 ,以改良的MS(大量元素减半 )为基本培养基 ,附加不同浓度的 6 BA、KT、IBA、Thioliazuron (TDZ)等 ,各种培养基均加 4mg·L- 1  琼脂 ,3%蔗糖 ,pH为 5 .8~ 6.0。在自然散射光照和 2 5~ 30℃温度条件下培养 ,培养 35d后调查各处理的芽增殖及长势情况。获得如下结果 :单用 6 BA处理时北美红杉的芽增殖倍数偏低 ;6 BA浓度达到 1 .5mg·L- 1 时 ,芽的增殖倍数下降 ,说明 1 .…  相似文献   

5.
黎斌  任毅 《西北植物学报》2004,24(3):417-417
太白红杉 Larix chinensis Beiss. 亦称太白落叶松 ,为松科落叶松属 Larix Mill. 植物 ,为秦岭特有种之一 .乔木 ,高可达 2 0 m.树皮灰色或灰褐色 ,薄片状剥裂 .小枝下垂 ,一年生小枝常呈淡黄褐色 .叶倒披针状线形 ,扁平柔软 ,长 1 .5~ 2 .5 cm,在长枝上呈螺旋状散生 ,在短枝上簇生 ,叶表面中脉凸起 ,两侧各有 1~ 2条气孔带 .雌雄同株 ,球花单生于短枝顶端 ;雄球花球形至长圆形 ,黄色 ;雌球花近圆形或长圆形 ,每珠鳞具 2枚胚珠 ,苞鳞显著 ,淡紫红色或紫绿色 .球果卵状长圆形 ,长 3~ 4.5 cm,初红色 ,后渐变为紫蓝色或灰褐色 ,成熟后种…  相似文献   

6.
李林初 《植物研究》1988,8(3):161-164
本文对Schlarbaum等认为红杉是染色体组组成为A1A1A1A1A2A2的部分异源多倍体、它的亲本是某个为其提供了染色体组的杉木属植物的意见提出了异议。无论从核型比较还是形态学特征来看, 红杉的染色体组组成似应为AAAABB而不是A1A1A1A1A2A2, 杉木属植物不可能是红杉的亲本, 后者可能是\"水杉\"和\"巨杉\"。  相似文献   

7.
水杉属和红杉属化石叶表皮鉴定参照系的特殊性   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
杉科植物的许多属种在小枝的形态和叶片排列上相似,而杉科植物的化石标本多保存为枝叶形式。表皮的特征作为压型化石枝叶标本细胞信息的重要来源,甚至是惟一来源。一直作为杉科植物化石分类鉴定的主要依据。水杉和北美红杉分别是水杉属和红杉属植物化石的惟一现存最近亲缘种,以往关于北美红杉的气孔分布和排列等方面的报道存在分歧,根据作者的研究,北美红杉的表皮特征变异幅度非常广。水杉的气孔分布也与以往报道有差异。利用表皮的特征鉴定杉科植物化石时;不同的处理方法和处理时间,角质层的完整程度和观察数量等均可以影响植物表皮特征的正确获取。  相似文献   

8.
李林初 《植物研究》1988,8(1):109-114
本文作者对Stebbins的\"水杉和红杉的染色体及亲缘关系\"一文进行了评述, 认为红杉除水杉(属)以外的另一个二倍体亲本可能并没有灭绝, 它或许就是巨杉(属).  相似文献   

9.
分别以太白红杉的胚乳、干叶和鲜叶为材料,通过改良的CTAB法提取总DNA,经酶切连接、PCR预扩增、PCR选择性扩增、凝胶电泳等程序,建立了太白红杉的FISH-AFLP分子标记体系。结果显示:引物E-ACG/M-CAC和E-ACG/M-CAA在28份材料中扩增总带数分别为1856和2013条;以胚乳和鲜叶为材料,可以得到稳定、丰富的扩增带。FISH-AFLP体系的建立为进一步分析太白红杉的遗传多样性奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
11.
红杉属植物在中国云南中新世首次发现   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
化石标本采自中国云南省中部楚雄市吕合煤矿的石鼓村层 ,该层为灰色至浅灰色细砂岩至粗砂岩、粉砂质粘土层和褐煤层 ,地质时代属中新世 ① 。石鼓村层的孢粉组合以被子植物占绝对优势(90 % ) ,其中热带、亚热带植物成分类型较多 ,如金缕梅科、棕榈科等 ,温带植物成分类型较少 ,如榆科、桦木科等 ;裸子植物花粉占整个孢粉组合的 9% ,主要是松科和杉科花粉 ;蕨类植物孢子仅占整个孢粉组合的 1% ,以水龙骨单缝孢为主。本次发现的标本小枝长约 2 .8cm ,宽约 1.6cm ,小枝基部稍膨大。叶螺旋状排列 ,基部扭转 ,在同一平面排成 2列 ,以 30~ 70…  相似文献   

12.
Phase reversal in Sequoia sempervirens in relation to mtDNA   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Restriction fragment analysis revealed differences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between adult and juvenile coastal redwood, Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. Thus, for example, juvenile shoots contained 4.0- and 3.6-kb Bam HI], restricted fragments that were absent in adult material. Rejuvenation by 5 repetitive graftings onto juvenile rootstocks resulted in the same 4.0- and 3.6-kb fragments as were present in the juvenile material. The similarities in mtDNA fragments of juvenile and rejuvenated. shoots, as well as their distinction from adult shoots, were confirmed by double digestion, Southern hybridization and DNA sequencing.  相似文献   

13.
Respiration rates predict differences in growth of coast redwood   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The relation between growth rate traits (height, basal diameter, stem volume and branch diameter) and two measures of respiration rate [metabolic heat rate (q) and CO2 production rate (Rco2)] and their ratio (q/Rco2) was examined on a collection of 192 different genotypes of coast redwoods [Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl.]. Branch diameter was not correlated with any of the respiratory measures, but the other three growth traits gave highly significant (P < 0.001) correlations with positive slopes. Combining the four growth traits and the three respiratory variables (q, RCo2 and q/Rco2) to give two canonical variates, one representing growth and one representing respiration, gives an even stronger linear correlation (r= 0–85). These data suggest that simultaneous assay of multiple respiratory measures on juvenile trees can be used to predict their longer-term growth rates.  相似文献   

14.
水杉的核型研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文观察了水杉的染色体,确定2n=22,核型公式为K(2n)=22m(2SAT),全具中着丝点,有一对随体。第8、10、11号染色体具“长着丝点区域”。属“1A”型,与北美红杉-AA的核型非常相近,可能是它的一个亲本种的直接后裔。  相似文献   

15.
In this work, the population of small RNAs (sRNAs) was studied in the gymnosperm Sequoia sempervirens during phase changes, specifically in the juvenile, adult and rejuvenated plants obtained in vitro. The potential target genes of Sequoia sRNAs were predicted through bioinformatics. Rejuvenation is a pivotal process in woody plants that enables them to regain their growth potential, which results in the recovery of physiologic and molecular characteristics that were lost when the juveniles mature into adult plants. The results from the five repeated graftings of juvenile, adult and rejuvenated plants in vitro showed that sRNAs could be classified into structural RNAs (Group I), small interfering RNAs (Group II), annotated microRNAs (Group III, and unannotated sRNAs (Group IV). The results indicate that only 573 among 15,485,415 sRNAs (Groups III and IV) had significantly different expression patterns associated with rejuvenation and phase change. A total of 215 sRNAs exhibited up‐regulated expression patterns in adult shoots, and 358 sRNAs were down‐regulated. Expression profiling and prediction of possible target genes of these unique small RNAs indicate possible functions in the control of photosynthetic efficiency and rooting competence abundance during plant rejuvenation. Moreover, the increase in SsmiR156 and decrease in SsmiR172 during plant rejuvenation suggested that these two microRNAs extensively affect phase transition.  相似文献   

16.
    
Old‐growth forests in the American West typically represent fragments of former, more extensive forests that were subjected to nineteenth and twentieth century land‐clearing activities, such as logging. These present‐day forest fragments are thought to be representative of the former landscape, and thus are capable of serving as living references for guiding restoration of logged forests. Yet how do we determine the extent to which existing old‐growth stands represent the former forest, especially when little of the surrounding original vegetation remains? Historic land surveys conducted prior to significant logging can reconstruct the former forest at the stand level, thereby allowing an analysis of old‐growth patches within the larger historic landscape. This study utilized original Public Land Surveys to assess the applicability of old‐growth stands in Redwood National Park as reference ecosystems. A geographic information system (GIS) and statistical analysis of the nineteenth century forest found that vegetation communities, woody species composition, and ratios of dominant canopy species in unlogged patches were highly representative of the forests that were logged. Significance testing (Ho: μ1 = μ2) revealed p‐values greater than 0.10000 in all measures of community and species composition, except for the higher abundance of oak in present‐day old‐growth (p‐value = 0.0395). The results of this study suggest that the national park should increase efforts to protect old‐growth reference ecosystems from further human impacts, and minimize ongoing degradation from edge effects by prioritizing restoration of adjoining second‐growth forest.  相似文献   

17.
目的:探讨先天性唇腭裂病的病因,寻找预防办法。方法:对先天性400例唇腭裂手术患者的父母在怀孕前后居住生活、饮食卫生、嗜好、心情精神状态及患病情况做统计分析。结果:400例患者父母怀孕前后居住面积在30m2以下占75%,饮酒吸烟者人数627人中78.3%,女性饮酒167人占41.07%。患普通感冒730人。怀孕在1月内患感冒283人,心情不愉快精神紧张受到不良刺激362人。结论:通过对400例患者父母怀孕前后生活居住患病嗜好精神等因素情况得出结论与外界环境关系密切,尤其怀孕早期患病饮酒吸烟心情不愉快对该病发生起一定作用,但该病是多种原因综合因素所致的一种先天性疾病,具有一定遗传性,但也有可以预防的一方面,在该病发生的过程中有一个主要因素起主导作用,有待今后继续研讨。  相似文献   

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