酿酒酵母中基于CRISPR/dCas9的基因转录调控工具的开发与应用

酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是重要的模式真核微生物,广泛用于基础研究和工业发酵。基于CRISPR/dCas9系统开发的转录调控方法具有可编程、多重性和正交性等优点,在酿酒酵母的基因调控、功能基因组学、代谢工程等研究领域具有巨大潜力。本文关注酿酒酵母中CRISPR/dCas9基因转录调控工具的研究进展,阐述了不同转录调节结构域对dCas9或gRNA活性的调节,设计与优化dCas9和gRNA表达的方法,影响CRISPR/dCas9系统转录调控效率、特异性和通量的靶向性因素,最后总结了该工具在酿酒酵母代谢工程中的应用,并对该技术的未来发展提出了展望。     

CT-FOCS: a novel method for inferring cell type-specific enhancer–promoter maps

Spatiotemporal gene expression patterns are governed to a large extent by the activity of enhancer elements, which engage in physical contacts with their target genes. Identification of enhancer–promoter (EP) links that are functional only in a specific subset of cell types is a key challenge in understanding gene regulation. We introduce CT-FOCS (cell type FOCS), a statistical inference method that uses linear mixed effect models to infer EP links that show marked activity only in a single or a small subset of cell types out of a large panel of probed cell types. Analyzing 808 samples from FANTOM5, covering 472 cell lines, primary cells and tissues, CT-FOCS inferred such EP links more accurately than recent state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we show that strictly cell type-specific EP links are very uncommon in the human genome.