葛洲坝下游中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)产卵场地形分析

根据1981年葛洲坝截流至1998年对葛洲坝坝下河床研究的历史资料,结合1999~2006年间获得的中华鲟产卵场所在江段河床的5次地形数据,采用ArcGIS9.0软件,对中华鲟产卵场河床的高程、坡度、坡向等地形因子进行了详细分析。结果表明:葛洲坝至磨基山江段中华鲟产卵场与历史产卵场相比具有极其相似的特征,临江溪至虎牙滩江段中华鲟自然繁殖频率不高可能主要是因为地形不符合要求,从而造成相关的水文因子也不能满足需要。中华鲟自然繁殖前期的迁徙分布和产卵后受精卵的散播与河床地形都有一定的关系,葛洲坝水利枢纽下游河势调整工程较大地改变了葛洲坝至庙咀江段河床的地形,地形复杂度的增加可能对中华鲟自然繁殖前期的栖息有利,而河床坡度、底质的改变则可能会对中华鲟受精卵的散播和发育产生不利影响。有必要结合中华鲟历史产卵场精确的地形数据,对"中华鲟产卵场功能分区模型假说"进行验证,并针对产卵场地形对中华鲟自然繁殖的影响,做出进一步探讨。     

葛洲坝下游中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）产卵场地形分析

根据1981年葛洲坝截流至1998年对葛洲坝坝下河床研究的历史资料,结合1999～2006年间获得的中华鲟产卵场所在江段河床的5次地形数据,采用ArcGIS 9.0软件,对中华鲟产卵场河床的高程、坡度、坡向等地形因子进行了详细分析。结果表明：葛洲坝至磨基山江段中华鲟产卵场与历史产卵场相比具有极其相似的特征,临江溪至虎牙滩江段中华鲟自然繁殖频率不高可能主要是因为地形不符合要求,从而造成相关的水文因子也不能满足需要。中华鲟自然繁殖前期的迁徙分布和产卵后受精卵的散播与河床地形都有一定的关系,葛洲坝水利枢纽下游河势调整工程较大地改变了葛洲坝至庙咀江段河床的地形,地形复杂度的增加可能对中华鲟自然繁殖前期的栖息有利,而河床坡度、底质的改变则可能会对中华鲟受精卵的散播和发育产生不利影响。有必要结合中华鲟历史产卵场精确的地形数据,对“中华鲟产卵场功能分区模型假说”进行验证,并针对产卵场地形对中华鲟自然繁殖的影响,做出进一步探讨。     

葛洲坝下游江段中华鲟产卵场食卵鱼类资源量估算

为定量评估食卵鱼类对中华鲟资源的危害,1997－2001年间,对中华鲟产卵场所在的葛洲坝水利枢纽坝址至下游庙嘴之间长约5km的江段,进行了渔业捕捞样本抽样和解剖检测,运用体长股分析方法并结合淦获物中不同种类的相对数量比例估算出食卵鱼类资源量,研究结果表明,吞食中华鲟卵的主要有圆口铜鱼,铜鱼,瓦氏黄颡鱼等11种鱼类,其年度资源量为197487－744487尾,多年平均444822尾。     

河流鱼类产卵场紊动能计算与分析

通过对鱼类产卵场地形分析,认为水流能量损失是鱼类产卵场形成的重要原因之一,这种能量损失主要是由于特殊河道地貌形成的水流紊动而产生的.在此基础上探索性地推导了考虑这种河道水流能量损失的明渠非恒定流方程.以中华鲟为例,对产卵场河段进行了三维水流数值模拟,计算了产卵河段紊动能的分布,探讨了中华鲟产卵行为与水流紊动之间的关系,结果表明产卵区因紊动产生的能量损失明显大于非产卵区.以期为保护中华鲟和其他鱼类产卵场水力学环境提供参考.     

葛洲坝下游中华鲟产卵场的水文状况及其与繁殖活动的关系

国家一级保护动物中华鲟为江海溯河产卵的洄游性鱼类,1981年即葛洲坝截流前,其产卵场分布在金沙江下游和长江上游的约600km江段。葛洲坝水电工程阻断了其产卵洄游通道,调查发现自1982年以来,中华鲟在葛洲坝下游江段的狭小范围成功产卵。对中华鲟繁殖季节葛洲坝下中华鲟产卵场的水温、流速、流量、含沙量和水位等水文数据进行了分析,并对其与中华鲟产卵的关系进行了探讨。结果表明,葛洲坝截流后,宜昌中华鲟产卵场江段10～11月份的月平均流速及11月份的月平均含沙量发生明显变化（P〈0．001）,而月平均水位、流量及水温的变化不明显。多年观察结果显示,中华鲟产卵时,5种水文因子的参数均有一定的变动范围。1983～2004年期问,37次中华鲟产卵时的日平均水温范围为16．10～20．60℃,平均为18．63℃;日平均水位范围为40．69～47．32m（黄海高程）,平均为43．91m;日平均流量范围为7170～26000m^3／s,平均为13908m^3／s;1983～2000年31次中华鲟产卵时的日平均含沙量范围为0．10～1．32kg／m。,平均为0．46kg／m。;日平均流速为0．81～1．98m／s,平均为1．30m／s。分析得到较适宜中华鲟产卵的水温是18．0～20．0℃,流量是14100m^3／s,水位是42．0～45．0m,含沙量是0．2～0．3kg／m^3,底层流速是1．0～1．7m／s。水温是中华鲟产卵的必备条件,水温适宜的情况下,水位、流速和含沙量出现逐渐从高位下降的趋势、而且各水文要素值均达到其适宜范围时,中华鲟即产卵繁殖。三峡工程运行后,下游江段水温的变化可能会对中华鲟的性腺发育和产卵繁殖产生不利影响,而江水含沙量下降对其产卵繁殖较有利。     

三峡蓄水以来葛洲坝下中华鲟产卵场河床质特征变化

中华鲟是国家一级保护水生动物,是产底层产粘性卵鱼类。河床质构成了中华鲟受精卵和早期胚胎发育的物理环境,其变化可能直接影响中华鲟自然繁殖的规模和效果。基于水声学和水下视频技术对葛洲坝下现存唯一已知中华鲟自然产卵场的河床质特征进行了连续观测,对三峡水库蓄水以来中华鲟自然产卵场的河床质特征变化进行了研究。水声学分析结果显示,2004-2012年间,中华鲟产卵场区域内河床硬度未有明显变化,但粗糙度显著增加 (P < 0.05)。对产卵位点的河床质特征分析表明,下产卵区的硬度增加(2012年显著高于2008和2004年 (P < 0.05)),上产卵区硬度呈明显下降趋势(2004年显著高于2008和2012年(P < 0.05));上产卵区的河床粗糙度均呈不显著上升趋势(P > 0.05);下产卵场区的河床粗糙度呈显著上升趋势(P < 0.05)。水下视频观测结果显示,三峡蓄水导致的水体含沙量明显减少,对河床的冲刷日益明显,表现在产卵场江段沉积细砂和粗砂区域面积显著减少,河床卵石缝隙充塞度明显下降 (P < 0.05)。下产卵区在2007-2012年视频观察过程中发现河床卵石缝隙充分暴露,几乎没有任何细砂或粗砂填充,与上产卵区河床卵石缝隙充塞度特征明显不同。长期观测表明,2004-2012年期间中华鲟自然产卵位点发生了明显的改变,2004-2007年均发生在下产卵区,而2008-2012年均发生在上产卵区,自然繁殖规模和效果也明显下降。综合分析显示,中华鲟产卵场河床质特征的变化可能是导致中华鲟自然产卵位点的改变和迁移的原因,进而影响中华鲟自然产卵场的繁殖适合度,影响中华鲟自然繁殖的规模和效果。对三峡蓄水清水下泄的生态影响评估以及中华鲟自然产卵场的改良或修复有重要借鉴意义。     

中华鲟铁蛋白基因cDNA全长克隆与组织表达分析

根据铁蛋白基因的保守序列,搜索GenBank数据库中华鲟的EST数据库得到一条同源序列.通过RT-PCR的方法对该序列进行扩增,修改其测序错误,获得中华鲟铁蛋白亚基cDNA全长,经过注释提交GenBank数据库,获取序列登录号EU348782.该cDNA长度为896bp,包含531bp的完整编码区,推测编码的蛋白质为176aa,分子量为20339.9Mr,理论等电点为5.66.它和大两洋鲑鱼铁蛋白序列同源性最高,达到82.9%.该基闪在中华鲟肝脏、胰脏、肌肉、脑、心脏、鳃和胃粘膜等多种组织表达,在胰脏和心脏中表达量较高,在肌肉组织中表达较低.根据同源模建的方法得到该蛋白质三维结构,其包括5个α螺旋和10个转角结构,和人、蛙和细菌的铁蛋白均能很好的叠合,表现了很高的相似性,表明该蛋白结构和功能在基因进化中的高度保守性.     

中华鲟YY肽基因电子克隆表达与生物信息学分析

以日本鳗鲡的PYY基因cDNA序列为信息探针,搜索中华鲟EST文库,得到中华鲟PYY的EST序列,经过生物信息学分析。结果表明,此cDNA序列包含完整的开放读码框,所编码的蛋白质包含97个氨基酸,前28个氨基酸为信号肽,分子量为11．03kD,理论等电点为5．54。该蛋白序列和牙鲆、河豚以及斑马鱼的PYY肽同源性较高。其中36个氨基酸构成PAH结构域,由一个α螺旋结构和一个无规则卷曲区组成。包含中华鲟PYY在内的139条真核生物神经肽Y蛋白质序列比对结果显示,有6个氨基酸位点高度保守,其中有5个氨基酸位于α螺旋上,另外1个脯氨酸位于无规则卷曲区,提示α螺旋也可能起到重要作用。     

中华鲟物种保护的历史与前景

中华鲟是在我国和朝鲜近海生长,在长江上游或珠江中游繁殖的大型溯河洄游鱼类,长江中华鲟种群的繁殖季节在10月中旬至11月上旬1、2,珠江的在3初至4月初3,二者属于不同的生态类群,但也有学者认为二者是不同的种4,60年代末,国家决定在长江中下游交界处宜昌修建葛洲坝水利枢纽(以下简称葛洲坝),由于该枢纽将阻隔中华鲟的生殖洄游通道,有关其对中华鲟资源影响的程度,以及如何采取相应的保护措施等问题,曾引起广泛的争论。       

中华鲟铁蛋白基因cDNA全长克隆与组织表达分析(英文）

根据铁蛋白基因的保守序列,搜索GenBank数据库中华鲟的EST数据库得到一条同源序列。通过RT-PCR的方法对该序列进行扩增,修改其测序错误,获得中华鲟铁蛋白亚基cDNA全长,经过注释提交GenBank数据库,获取序列登录号EU348782。该cDNA长度为896 bp,包含531bp的完整编码区,推测编码的蛋白质为176 aa,分子量为20339.9 Mr,理论等电点为5.66。它和大西洋鲑鱼铁蛋白序列同源性最高,达到82.9%。该基因在中华鲟肝脏、胰脏、肌肉、脑、心脏、鳃和胃粘膜等多种组织表达,在胰脏和心脏中表达量较高,在肌肉组织中表达较低。根据同源模建的方法得到该蛋白质三维结构,其包括5个α螺旋和10个转角结构,和人、蛙和细菌的铁蛋白均能很好的叠合,表现了很高的相似性,表明该蛋白结构和功能在基因进化中的高度保守性。     

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) growth hormone receptor

A full length cDNA encoding the growth hormone receptor (GHR) of Chinese sturgeon was cloned in order to investigate the mechanism of growth hormone in regulating the growth of Chinese sturgeon. The open reading frame of the cloned Chinese sturgeon growth hormone receptor (csGHR) cDNA encodes a trans-membrane protein of 611 amino acids containing all the characteristic motifs of GHR. By sequence alignment, substitutions of amino acid residues highly conserved in other species were identified. Using the CHO cell culture system, the function of csGHR and the biological significance of the amino acid substitution in csGHR were examined. The promoter of serine protease inhibitor 2.1 (Spi2.1) was trans-activated upon stimulation of seabream GH (sbGH) in the csGHR-expressing CHO cells. Furthermore, CHO cells stably expressing csGHR were stimulated to proliferate by sbGH. In agreement with our previous report, Chinese sturgeon growth hormone-binding protein (csGHBP) was detected in the culture medium of CHO cells stably expressing csGHR. Mutation of Asp residue in the ligand binding motif in csGHR to Glu significantly enhanced csGHR’s biological function, whereas mutation of Asp residue to Ala decreased its biological function. The results demonstrated that the cloned csGHR was of full biological function and the csGHBP could be generated through proteolysis of csGHR. These findings might provide new insights into thoroughly understanding the regulatory mechanism of Chinese sturgeon growth.     

Genome-wide analysis of the Chinese sturgeon sox gene family: identification,characterisation and expression profiles of different tissues

The sox family is assumed to be responsible for a number of developmental systems. Genome sequencing technology makes it possible to scan sox genes and conduct characteristic analyses of different species. In fish, full characterisation of sox genes at the genome-wide level has been reported for pufferfish Takifugu rubripes, medaka Oryzias latipes, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. However, no systematic investigation of the sox family in sturgeons (Acipenseridae) has been reported to date. This study conducted genome-wide identification of the sox genes in the Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis and profiled their tissue distribution between male and female individuals. In total, 19 sox genes were identified, including soxb1, b2, c, d, e, f and h, in the Chinese sturgeon. Genomic structure analysis indicated relatively conserved exon–intron structures in each sox group and phylogenetic analysis supported the previous classification of the sox family. Most of the sox genes showed a tissue-specific expression pattern, indicating the possible involvement of Chinese sturgeon sox genes at different developmental processes such as cardiac and gonadal development. This study provides a comprehensive resource of Chinese sturgeon sox genes and enables a better understanding of the evolution and function of the sox family.     

中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)及相关种类的mtDNA控制区串联重复序列及其进化意义

采用 PCR技术和 DNA测序技术 ,发现了我国一级珍稀保护动物中华鲟 ( Acipensersinensis)线粒体 DNA( mt DNA)的控制区 ( D- loop)存在数目不等的串联重复序列 ,该重复序列造成了中华鲟广泛的异质性现象 .从分子水平进行了不同类型重复序列变化规律的研究 ,同时还初探了重复序列在我国其它几种鲟鱼类的存在情况 ,发现在白鲟 ( Psephurus gladius)、达氏鲟 ( A.dabryanus)和史氏鲟 ( A.schrenckii)均存在类似的重复序列结构 .序列比较分析表明 ,不同鲟鱼类重复序列在鲟鱼类进化过程中扮演着一定的角色 ,很有可能碱基差异大小与它们的亲缘关系的远近呈正相关 .     

Indexing serum and mucous biochemical parameters of endangered Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis with implications for health assessment

The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is a critically endangered aquatic fish. Health monitoring and welfare assessments are critical for the conservation of Chinese sturgeon. In this study, biochemical parameters of serum and skin mucus in Chinese sturgeon were examined to evaluate the potential biomarkers. Serum and mucous samples were obtained from Chinese sturgeon, and the levels of total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid (LD), acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LYZ), glucose (GLU), and cortisol were determined. The concentrations of ALT, AST, cortisol, and LYZ were significantly higher in the mucous group than those in the serum group (p < 0.05). In addition, the concentrations of ALP, ACP, LD, LDH, CK, and TP were significantly higher level in the serum group than those in the mucous group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the correlations between serum and mucous biochemical parameters were established. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between serum and skin mucous markers (ACP, cortisol, and LYZ). AST versus ALT in serum and mucus showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between cortisol and CK in mucus (p < 0.01). Moreover, LD versus LDH in serum showed a significant but weak positive correlation (p < 0.01). Principal component analysis revealed a complete separation between the serum and mucous groups, with the biomarkers that contributed the most being ALP, TP, ALT, and AST. This study provides baseline data and reference intervals for serum and mucous biochemical parameters in presumably healthy Chinese sturgeons. The current study has important implications for the development of conservation strategies and the conservation status of critically endangered species.     

舟山渔场产卵场保护区春季小黄鱼群体结构及资源动态

根据2014-2019年舟山渔场产卵场保护区及邻近海域底拖网调查资料,分析了春季小黄鱼的群体结构、资源密度变化及其与环境因子的关系.结果 表明:小黄鱼的体长-体重关系式为:W=0.44× 10-4×L2.78,b值＜3,说明近年来小黄鱼为负异速生长,肥满度与体长呈负相关,身体趋于细长.2014-2019年小黄鱼的体长和...     

Identification and Characterization of GH Receptor and Serum GH-binding Protein in Chinese Sturgeon （Acipenser sinensis）

Growth hormone (GH) can stimulate bone and carti-lage cell proliferation and influence carbohydrate and lipidmetabolism. The binding of GH to its specific receptor(GHR) on the surface of target cells will induce dimeriza-tion of GHR, which allows the cytoplasmic region of GHRto interact and trigger downstream signaling and geneexpression [1,2]. GHR belongs to the cytokine receptor superfamily, andis expressed in many tissues such as the liver, muscle,adipose tissue, cartilage, and brain…     

Impacts of variability of habitat factors on species composition of ichthyoplankton and distribution of fish spawning ground in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters

During June, August and October 2006, there were three multi-disciplinary surveys carried out in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters (122°00′–125°00′E, 27°50′–34°00′N) by R/V Beidou to study the species composition and abundance of ichthyoplankton (including fish eggs, larvae and juveniles), the spatial distribution of fish spawning ground and their relationship with habitat factors. There were 29, 29 and 25 grid stations sampled in the three cruises, respectively. The ichthyoplankton samples were collected by horizontally towing with a macro-plankton net (mouth diameter 80 cm, length 270 cm, mesh size 0.50 mm) at the sea surface, and the towing speed was 3.0 n mile/h at each sampling station. The towing lasted for 10 min. After hauling for each station, habitat factors including temperature and salinity were measured by Sea Bird-25 CTD. Samples were preserved in 5% formaldehyde solution immediately after sampling for analysis in laboratory. Since the trawl speed could not be accurately evaluated due to the effects of ocean currents and wind-induced wave, the amount of ichthyoplankton was evaluated by actual number of the sampling haul in each station. Ichthyoplankton collected were divided into three categories: dominant species, important species and main species by the index of relative importance (IRI). There are 71 species (including 1200 fish eggs and 2575 fish larvae and juveniles) collected during 3 cruises and 59 species have been correctly identified to species level, which belongs to 50 genera, 37 families and 9 orders; while 5 species can only be identified to genera level, 1 species only identified to family level and 6 species identified to order level. These 59 species identified to species level and 5 species identified to genera level are divided into three ecological patterns, i.e., brackish water species, neritic water species and coastal water species. Warm water species have 34 species in those 59 species identified to species level, accounting for 57.63%, warm temperature species have 25 species, accounting for 42.37%. According to the analysis of IRI, the dominant species are Engraulis japonicus (in June and August, that is important species in October), Scomber japonicus (in August), and Johnius grypotus (in October) during the survey; important species are Cynoglossus joyneri (in June and August), Trichiurus lepturus (in June, August and October), Gonorhynchus abbreviatus (in August), Stolephorus commersonii (in October), Saurida undosquamis (in October) and Saurida elongate (in October), and main species have 12 species in June, 9 species in August and 10 species in October, respectively. The amount of fish eggs and larvae of the dominant species, important species and main species (28 species) are 97.50% and 97.13% of the total amount of fish eggs and larvae, respectively, which are the important composition of fish eggs and larvae in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters.
In June and August of 2006, if compared with that in corresponding months in 1986, there are great changes in the habitat factors especially for temperature and salinity in the investigating areas: high salinity water from off-shelf is much closer to the coastal areas which results in the dramatic increase of sea surface salinity during all three surveys. Sea surface temperature, on the other hand, decreases distinctively in June, but significantly increases in August. The run-off of the Changjiang River greatly reduced due to the long-term drought in summer 2006, which is responsible for the great changes of habitat factors in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters. The habitat of the Changjiang River estuary is greatly changed, which consequently has significant influences on the spawning, breeding and the spatial distribution of spawning ground of neritic water species, such as Sardinella zunasi, Thryssa kammalensis, Thryssa mystax, Setipinna taty and S. commersonii ect, and coastal water species, such as Ilisha elongate and Konosirus punctatus ect.     

Impacts of variability of habitat factors on species composition of ichthyoplankton and distribution of fish spawning ground in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters

During June, August and October 2006, there were three multi-disciplinary surveys carried out in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters (122°00′–125°00′E, 27°50′–34°00′N) by R/V Beidou to study the species composition and abundance of ichthyoplankton (including fish eggs, larvae and juveniles), the spatial distribution of fish spawning ground and their relationship with habitat factors. There were 29, 29 and 25 grid stations sampled in the three cruises, respectively. The ichthyoplankton samples were collected by horizontally towing with a macro-plankton net (mouth diameter 80 cm, length 270 cm, mesh size 0.50 mm) at the sea surface, and the towing speed was 3.0 n mile/h at each sampling station. The towing lasted for 10 min. After hauling for each station, habitat factors including temperature and salinity were measured by Sea Bird-25 CTD. Samples were preserved in 5% formaldehyde solution immediately after sampling for analysis in laboratory. Since the trawl speed could not be accurately evaluated due to the effects of ocean currents and wind-induced wave, the amount of ichthyoplankton was evaluated by actual number of the sampling haul in each station. Ichthyoplankton collected were divided into three categories: dominant species, important species and main species by the index of relative importance (IRI). There are 71 species (including 1200 fish eggs and 2575 fish larvae and juveniles) collected during 3 cruises and 59 species have been correctly identified to species level, which belongs to 50 genera, 37 families and 9 orders; while 5 species can only be identified to genera level, 1 species only identified to family level and 6 species identified to order level. These 59 species identified to species level and 5 species identified to genera level are divided into three ecological patterns, i.e., brackish water species, neritic water species and coastal water species. Warm water species have 34 species in those 59 species identified to species level, accounting for 57.63%, warm temperature species have 25 species, accounting for 42.37%. According to the analysis of IRI, the dominant species are Engraulis japonicus (in June and August, that is important species in October), Scomber japonicus (in August), and Johnius grypotus (in October) during the survey; important species are Cynoglossus joyneri (in June and August), Trichiurus lepturus (in June, August and October), Gonorhynchus abbreviatus (in August), Stolephorus commersonii (in October), Saurida undosquamis (in October) and Saurida elongate (in October), and main species have 12 species in June, 9 species in August and 10 species in October, respectively. The amount of fish eggs and larvae of the dominant species, important species and main species (28 species) are 97.50% and 97.13% of the total amount of fish eggs and larvae, respectively, which are the important composition of fish eggs and larvae in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters.
In June and August of 2006, if compared with that in corresponding months in 1986, there are great changes in the habitat factors especially for temperature and salinity in the investigating areas: high salinity water from off-shelf is much closer to the coastal areas which results in the dramatic increase of sea surface salinity during all three surveys. Sea surface temperature, on the other hand, decreases distinctively in June, but significantly increases in August. The run-off of the Changjiang River greatly reduced due to the long-term drought in summer 2006, which is responsible for the great changes of habitat factors in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters. The habitat of the Changjiang River estuary is greatly changed, which consequently has significant influences on the spawning, breeding and the spatial distribution of spawning ground of neritic water species, such as Sardinella zunasi, Thryssa kammalensis, Thryssa mystax, Setipinna taty and S. commersonii ect, and coastal water species, such as Ilisha elongate and Konosirus punctatus ect.