Hyphomonas atlanticus sp. nov., isolated from the Atlantic Ocean and emended description of the genus Hyphomonas

A taxonomic study was carried out on strains 22II1-22F38^T and 22II-S13e, which were isolated from sea water and sediment from the Atlantic Ocean, respectively. The two strains were Gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive, oval to pear shaped, and motile by a single polar flagellum. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that both strains belonged to the genus Hyphomonas, with highest sequence similarity (98.2%) to the type strains H. jannaschiana DSM 5153^T and H. johnsonii ATCC 43964^T. The genomic ANIm values and DNA-DNA hybridization estimate values between strain 22II1-22F38^T and seven type strains ranged from 82.84% to 84.10% and from 18.0% to 19.1%, respectively. Isolate 22II1-22F38^T had a G + C content of 58.3% and used Q-11 as the predominant respiratory quinone. The combined phenotypic and genotypic data showed that both strains represented a novel species of the genus Hyphomonas, for which the name Hyphomonas atlanticus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain being 22II1-22F38^T (=LMG 27916^T = MCCC 1A09418^T). In addition, we conclude that Hyphomonas hirschiana is a later synonym of Hyphomonas neptunium.     

Spongiibacter pelagi sp. nov., a marine gammaproteobacterium isolated from coastal seawater

A novel gammaproteobacterium, designated as KMU-158^T, was isolated from seawater collected on the coastline of Dadaepo in the Republic of Korea, and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain KMU-158^T was Gram-staining-negative, pale beige-colored, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, and chemoorganoheterotrophic. The novel isolate was able to grow at 0–3% NaCl concentrations (w/v), pH 6.5–9.5, and 15–40 °C. The analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KMU-158^T belongs to the family Spongiibacteraceae and shared the highest similarity with Spongiibacter tropicus CL-CB221^T (96.1%). The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) and C_17:1 ω8c. The only respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone-8. The polar lipids of strain KMU-158^T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and two unidentified lipids. The assembled draft genome size of strain KMU-158^T was 3.29 Mbp with a DNA G?+?C content of 51.3%. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values of KMU-158^T and the representatives of the genus Spongiibacter were found to be 78.5–79.1%, 13.8–14.1%, and 66.6–66.8%, respectively. From the distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic, and chemotaxonomic properties, the strain KMU-158^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Spongiibacter, for which the name Spongiibacter pelagi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species S. pelagi sp. nov. is KMU-158^T (=?KCCM 90448^T?=?NBRC 114307^T).

     

Development of Defined, Minimal, and Complete Media for the Growth of Hyphomicrobium neptunium

A complete synthetic medium containing 15 amino acids, a minimal synthetic medium (GAMS) containing 4 amino acids, and a supplemented minimal medium (GAMS + calcium pantothenate) have been developed for the cultivation of Hyphomicrobium neptunium ATCC 15444. Depending on the complexity of the synthetic media, generation times were approximately 2 to 3 times longer, and maximum cell densities were 0.3 to 0.9 log₁₀ lower than in ZoBell marine broth 2216. The fates of ¹⁴C-labeled amino acids in GAMS were monitored. Results suggested that H. neptunium was auxotrophic for methionine, utilized glutamic acid as a primary energy source, and readily anabolized and catabolized serine and aspartic acid. Individual amino acid concentrations above 125 mM induced prolonged lag periods, whereas only methionine was not growth limiting at a concentration as low as 2 mM.     

Genome mining revealed polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis by Ramlibacter agri sp. nov., isolated from agriculture soil in Korea

A white-colony-forming, facultative anaerobic, motile and Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated G-1-2-2 ^T was isolated from soil of agriculture field near Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea. Strain G-1-2-2 ^T synthesized the polyhydroxybutyrate and could grow at 10–35 °C. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that, strain G-1-2-2 ^T formed a lineage within the family Comamonadaceae and clustered as a member of the genus Ramlibacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain G-1-2-2 ^T showed high sequence similarities with Ramlibacter ginsenosidimutans BXN5-27 ^T (97.9%), Ramlibacter monticola G-3-2 ^T (97.9%) and Ramlibacter alkalitolerans CJ661^T (97.5%). The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified phospholipid. The principal cellular fatty acids were C_16:0, cyclo-C_17:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c). The genome of strain G-1-2-2 ^T was 7,200,642 bp long with 13 contigs, 6,647 protein-coding genes, and DNA G?+?C content of 68.9%. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain G-1-2-2 ^T and close members were?≤?81.2 and 24.1%, respectively. The genome of strain G-1-2-2 ^T showed eight putative biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for various secondary metabolites. Genome mining revealed the presence of atoB, atoB2, phaS, phbB, phbC, and bhbD genes in the genome which are responsible for polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis. Based on these data, strain G-1-2-2 ^T represents a novel species in the genus Ramlibacter, for which the name Ramlibacter agri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is G-1-2-2 ^T (=?KACC 21616 ^T?=?NBRC 114389 ^T).

     

Pseudomonas sihuiensis sp. nov., isolated from a forest soil in South China

A Gram-stain negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain WM-2^T, was isolated from a forest soil in Sihui City, South China, and characterized by means of a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred with 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0–1 %) and at pH 5.0–10.5 (optimum pH 8.5) and 4–40 °C (optimum 30 °C) in Luria–Bertani medium. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain WM-2^T is a member of the genus Pseudomonas and most closely related to P. guguanensis, P. oleovorans subsp. lubricantis, P. toyotomiensis, P. alcaliphila and P. mendocina with 97.1–96.6 % sequence similarities. In terms of gyrB and rpoB gene sequences, strain WM-2^T showed the highest similarity with the type strains of the species P. toyotomiensis and P. alcaliphila. The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain WM-2^T with P. guguanensis and P. oleovorans subsp. lubricantis was 48.7 and 37.2 %, respectively. Chemotaxonomic characteristics (the main ubiquinone Q-9, major fatty acids C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c, C_16:0 and C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c and DNA G+C content 65.2 ± 0.7 mol%) were similar to those of members of the genus Pseudomonas. Polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown aminophospholipid, an unknown phospholipid and five unknown lipids. According to the results of polyphasic analyses, strain WM-2^T represents a novel species in the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas sihuiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WM-2^T (=KCTC 32246^T=CGMCC 1.12407^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gallaecimonas mangrovi</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment

A Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, strictly aerobic bacterium HK-28^T was isolated from a mangrove sediment sample in Haikou city, Hainan Province, China. Strain HK-28^T was able to grow at 10–45 °C (optimum 25–30 °C), pH 5.0–8.5 (optimum 6.0–7.0) and 0.5–12.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1.0–3.0%, w/v). The major cellular fatty acids were C_16:0, Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c), Summed Feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c), C_17:0, C_12:0 3-OH and C_17:1ω8c. Ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) was the predominant respiratory quinone. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipid, an unidentified glycophospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was 50.2 mol%. Accoroding to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, strain HK-28^T shared 97.1 and 96.7% sequence similarities to the validly named species Gallaecimonas xiamenensis MCCC 1A01354^T and Gallaecimonas pentaromativorans MCCC 1A06435^T, respectively, and shared lower sequence similarities (<?92.0%) to all other genera. Phylogenetic analysis showed strain HK-28^T was clustered with G. pentaromativorans MCCC 1A06435^T and G. xiamenensis MCCC 1A01354^T. Strain HK-28^T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness with G. xiamenensis MCCC 1A01354^T (28.3?±?1.5%) and G. pentaromativorans MCCC 1A06435^T (25.2?±?2.4%). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, strain HK-28^T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Gallaecimonas, for which the name Gallaecimonas mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HK-28^T (=?KCTC 62177^T?=?MCCC 1K03441).     

Hyphomonas beringensis sp. nov. and Hyphomonas chukchiensis sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea

Two Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, oval to pear shaped motile strains, designated 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T, isolated from surface seawater from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, respectively, were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strains 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T clustered together with Hyphomonas atlanticus 22II1-22F38^T and Hyphomonas oceanitis DSM 5155^T, respectively, within genus Hyphomonas. Based on whole genome sequence analysis, the calculated DDH and ANIm values between strain 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T are 18.8 and 83.19 % respectively. The calculated DDH values of strain 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T with seven type strains ranged from 18.2 to 19.9 % and from 18.4 to 40.4 %, respectively. The ANIm values of strain 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T with seven type strains ranged from 83.00 to 84.67 % and from 83.14 to 90.58 %, respectively. Both isolates were found to contain Q-11 as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids of strain 25B14_1^T were identified as C_16:0, C_17:0, C_18:1 ω7c-methyl and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c/ω7c as defined by MIDI), while in the case of strain BH-BN04-4^T they were identified as C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c-methyl and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c/ω7c). The G+C contents of 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T were determined to be 58.4 and 61.0 mol%, respectively. The combined phenotypic and genotypic data show that the two isolates each represent novel species of the genus Hyphomonas, for which the names Hyphomonas beringensis sp. nov. and Hyphomonas chukchiensis sp. nov. are proposed, with the type strain 25B14_1^T (=MCCC 1A07321^T = LMG 27914^T) and BH-BN04-4^T (=MCCC 1A07481^T = LMG 27915^T), respectively.     

Kangiella shandongensis sp. nov., a novel species isolated from saltern in Yantai,China

A Gram-stain-negative, wheat, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore forming, and facultatively anaerobic bacterium strain, designated as PI^T, was isolated from saline silt samples collected in saltern in Yantai, Shandong, China. Growth was observed within the ranges 4–45 °C (optimally at 33 °C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and 1.0–11.0% NaCl (optimally at 3.0%, w/v). Strain PI^T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Kangiella sediminilitoris BB-Mw22^T (98.3%) and Kangiella taiwanensis KT1^T (98.3%). The major cellular fatty acids (>?10% of the total fatty acids) were iso-C_15:0 (52.7%) and summed featured 9 (iso-C_17:1ω9c/C_16:0 10-methyl, 11.8%). The major polar lipids identified were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The G?+?C content of the genomic DNA was 45.8%. Average Nucleotide Identity values between whole genome sequences of strain PI^T and next related type strains supported the novel species status. Based on physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic characteristics and genomic analysis, strain PI^T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Kangiella, for which the name Kangiella shandongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PI^T (=?KCTC 82509 ^T?=?MCCC 1K04352^T).

     

Pseudomonas oryzae sp. nov. isolated from a paddy soil in South China

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and motile with several polar flagellums bacterium, designated WM-3^T, was isolated from a rice paddy soil in South China. Growth occurred with 0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0 %), at pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and at 25–42 °C (optimum 30–37 °C) in liquid Reasoner’s 2A medium. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene sequences revealed that strain WM-3^T was most closely related to the type strains of the species Pseudomonas linyingensis and Pseudomonas sagittaria. Its sequence similarities with P. linyingensis CGMCC 1.10701^T and P. sagittaria JCM 18195^T were 97.4 and 97.3 %, respectively, for 16S rRNA gene, and were 94.1 and 94.2 %, respectively, for gyrB gene. DNA–DNA hybridization between strain WM-3^T and these two type strains showed relatedness of 35.6 and 30.9 %, respectively. G+C content of genomic DNA was 69.4 mol%. The whole-cell fatty acids mainly consisted of C_16:0 (30.0 %), C_16:1 ω6c and/or C_16:1 ω7c (19.3 %) and C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c (16.3 %). The results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain WM-3^T belongs to genus Pseudomonas but represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WM-3^T (=KCTC 32247^T =CGMCC 1.12417^T).     

Pseudomonas nitritireducens sp. nov., a nitrite reduction bacterium isolated from wheat soil

A Gram-negative, non-mobile, polar single flagellum, rod-shaped bacterium WZBFD3-5A2^T was isolated from a wheat soil subjected to herbicides for several years. Cells of strain WZBFD3-5A2^T grow optimally on Luria-Bertani agar medium at 30?°C in the presence of 0–4.0?% (w/v) NaCl and pH 8.0. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain WZBFD3-5A2^T belongs to the genus Pseudomonas. Physiological and biochemical tests supported the phylogenetic affiliation. Strain WZBFD3-5A2^T is closely related to Pseudomonas nitroreducens IAM1439^T, sharing 99.7?% sequence similarity. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between the two strains showed only moderate reassociation similarity (33.92?±?1.0?%). The DNA G+C content is 62.0?mol%. The predominant respiratory quinine is Q-9. The major cellular fatty acids present are C_16:0 (28.55?%), C_16:1ω6c or C_16:1ω7c (20.94?%), C_18:1ω7c (17.21?%) and C_18:0 (13.73?%). The isolate is distinguishable from other related members of the genus Pseudomonas on the basis of phenotypic and biochemical characteristics. From the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, it is evident that strain WZBFD3-5A2^T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas nitritereducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WZBFD3-5A2^T (=CGMCC 1.10702^T?=?LMG 25966^T).     

Comamonas faecalis sp. nov., Isolated from Domestic Pig Feces

A new bacterial strain, designated as FF42^T, was isolated from feces of domestic pigs—collected from Suwon, Korea—and was characterized to determine its taxonomic position. Strain FF42^T was observed to be Gram negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, motile, and rod-shaped cells. Based on the phylogenetic and 16S rRNA sequence analyses, it was revealed that strain FF42^T belonged to the genus Comamonas. The highest degree of sequence similarities was determined to be with Comamonas zonglianii BF-3^T (96.3 %), Comamonas composti CC-YY287^T (96.1 %), and Comamonas nitrativorans 23310^T (95.9 %), while showing less than 95.6 % identity with the remaining Comamonas species. Growth of strain FF42^T occurred between 25 and 40 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and at pH of 5-9 (optimum, pH 6.0). It grew in the presence of 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl while minimally tolerating at 3 % (w/v) NaCl. Biochemical and physiological tests revealed phenotypic differentiation of strain FF42^T to other members of the genus Comamonas. The predominant quinone is ubiquinone (Q-8). The major cellular fatty acids were C_10:0 3OH, C_16:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c), and summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c/C_18:1 ω7c), all of which have previously been reported to occur in the species of the genus Comamonas. The G+C molar content for strain FF42^T is 60.2 mol %. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, strain FF42^T (=KEMC 1002-058^T=JCM 17561^T) is clearly referred to be a novel species for the genus Comamonas, for which the name Comamonas faecalis sp. nov. is proposed.     

Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated F14^T, was isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belongs to the genus Paracoccus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity between strain F14^T and other type strains of recognized members of the genus Paracoccus were 93.6–96.5 %. Growth of strain F14^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 61.4 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic characterization, strain F14^T represents a novel species, for which the name Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F14^T (=CGMCC 1.12755^T=LMG 28106^T=MCCC 1A09947^T).     

Shinella oryzae sp. nov., a novel zearalenone-resistant bacterium isolated from rice paddy soil

A novel bacterium, designated Z-25 ^T, was isolated from a rice paddy rhizosphere soil sample from Wuchang County, China. The Z-25 ^T strain is gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, aerobic, motile by unipolar flagella and straw white in color. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain Z-25 belongs to the genus Shinella, and the closest members are Shinella zoogloeoides ATCC 19623 ^T with 98.58% similarity, S. kummerowiae CCBAU 25,048 T (98.03%) and S. granuli Ch06 ^T (97.37%). The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain Z-25 ^T and the closest members were less than 85.29% and 28.70%, respectively. The predominant fatty acids were the sums of features comprising C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c (34.62%), C_18:1 ω7c -11-methyl (20.48%), and C_19:0 cyclo ω8c (18.19%). The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10, and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Additionally, a genome analysis showed that Z-25 ^T presented potential functional genes related to the degradation of zearalenone (ZEN). An HPLC analysis indicated that Z-25 ^T could remove 74.13% of 10 mg/L ZEN after 144 h at 30 °C. Therefore, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses, strain Z-25 ^T represents a novel species in the genus Shinella, for which the name Shinella oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z-25 ^T (=?GDMCC 1.2424 ^T?=?KCTC 82660 ^T).

     

Actibacterium atlanticum sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain 22II-S11-z10^T, which was isolated from the surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean. The bacterium was found to be Gram-stain negative, oxidase and catalase positive, oval- to rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth was observed at salinities of 0.5–9 % and at temperatures of 10–41 °C. The isolate can reduce nitrate to nitrite, degrade gelatin and aesculin, but can not degrade Tween 80. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 22II-S11-z10^T belongs to the genus Actibacterium, with the highest sequence similarity to the type strain Actibacterium mucosum CECT 7668^T (97.3 %). The DNA–DNA hybridization estimate value between strain 22II-S11-z10^T and A. mucosum CECT 7668^T was 19.30 ± 2.29 %. The principal fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/ω6c as defined by the MIDI system, 75.2 %) and Summed Feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/ω6c, 6.9 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was determined to be 59.0 mol%. The respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-10 (100 %). Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two phospholipids, two aminolipids and two lipids were identified in the polar lipids. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain 22II-S11-z10^T represents a novel species within the genus Actibacterium, for which the name Actibacterium atlanticum sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 22II-S11-z10^T (=MCCC 1A09298^T = LMG 27158^T).     

Description of two nitrogen-fixing bacteria,Geomonas fuzhouensis sp. nov. and Geomonas agri sp. nov., isolated from paddy soils

Two strictly anaerobic nitrogen-fixing strains, designated RG17^T and RG53^T, were isolated from paddy soils in China. Strains RG17^T and RG53^T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the type strain Geomonas paludis (97.9–98.4%). Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that two strains clustered with members of the genus Geomonas. Growth of strain RG17^T was observed at 20–42 °C, pH 5.5–8.5 and 0–0.3% (w/v) NaCl while strain RG53^T growth was observed at 20–42 °C, pH 5.5–9.5 and 0–0.7% (w/v) NaCl. Strains RG17^T and RG53^T contained MK-8 as main menaquinone and C_15:1 ω6c, iso-C_15:0, and Summed Feature 3 as the major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G?+?C content of strains RG17^T and RG53^T were 61.6 and 60.7%, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the isolated strains and the closely related Geomonas species were lower than the cut-off value (dDDH 70% and ANI 95–96%) for prokaryotic species delineation. Both strains possessed nif genes nifHDK and nitrogenase activities. Based on the above results, the two strains represent two novel species of the genus Geomonas, for which the names Geomonas fuzhouensis sp. nov. and Geomonas agri sp. nov., are proposed. The type strains are RG17^T (=?GDMCC 1.2687^T?=?KTCC 25332^T) and RG53^T (=?GDMCC 1.2630^T?=?KCTC 25331^T), respectively.

     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Deinococcus knuensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from river water

Strain 16F3H^T, a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, and oval-shaped bacterium, was isolated from river water collected from the Han River in South Korea. Growth of strain 16F3H^T was observed at 10–42 °C (optimum at 25–30 °C), but no growth occurred at 4 °C. The strain is able to grow at pH 4–10 (optimum at pH 7–8) and tolerates up to 4% NaCl (w/v), with optimum growth at 0.5% NaCl. The isolate was found to be resistant to UV irradiation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it is closely related to ‘Deinococcus seoulensis’ 16F1E (98.8%), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314^T (98.1%) and Deinococcus caeni Ho-08^T (98.0%). The level of DNA–DNA homology between the novel strain and the three related strains was 57.4, 41.2, and 35.8%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain 16F3H^T possesses MK-8 as the predominant respiratory quinone, an unidentified phosphoglycolipid as the major polar lipid, and C_15:1 ω6c and C_16:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids. The DNA G + C content was determined to be 65.7 mol%. Based on polyphasic evidence, strain 16F3H^T (=KCTC 33794^T = JCM 31406^T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel Deinococcus species, for which the name Deinococcus knuensis sp. nov. is proposed.     

Mycobacterium hippocampi sp. nov., a Rapidly Growing Scotochromogenic Species Isolated from a Seahorse with Tail Rot

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-sporulating, acid-fast, and rod-shaped bacterium (BFLP-6^T), previously isolated from a seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus) with tail rot, was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Growth occurred at 15–35 °C (optimum 25 °C), at pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 6 % (w/v). The G+C content of DNA was 66.7 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were C_18:1 ω9c, C_16:0 and C_16:1 ω6c. A mycolic acid pattern of alpha-mycolates and keto-mycolates was detected. Analysis of concatenated sequences (16S rRNA, rpoB, ssrA and tuf genes), and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic features indicated that strain BFLP-6^T represents a novel species within the genus Mycobacterium, for which the name Mycobacterium hippocampi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BFLP-6^T (=DSM 45391^T =LMG 25372^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Corynebacterium defluvii</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from Sewage

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shapeds, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative strain, designated Y49^T, was isolated from sewage collected from Jilin Agricultural University, China. It grew at 20–40°C (optimum at 30°C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum at 7.0) and at 0–1.0% sodium chloride (optimum at 0%). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-8 (MK-8) and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and two unidentified aminolipids. The peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The cell-wall sugars were galactose, arabinose, and glucose. The fatty acids were C_9:0, C_16:0, C_16:1 ω9c, C_17:1 ω9c, C_18:3 ω6c (6,9,12), C_18:1 ω9c, and C_18:0. The DNA G+C content was 51.4 mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain Y49^T were Corynebacterium efficiens DSM 44549^T (97.5%), Corynebacterium callunae DSM 20147^T (97.2%), Corynebacterium deserti GIMN 1.010^T (96.8%), Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032^T (96.4%), and other species belonging to this genus (92.3–95.4%). The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Y49^T and C. efficiens DSM 44549^T, C. callunae DSM 20147^T, C. deserti GIMN1.010^T, and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032^T was 25.5±2.0%, 21.1±1.0%, 16.5±0.5%, and 13.5±0.9%, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Y49^T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium defluvii sp nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y49^T (= KCTC 39731^T =CGMCC 1.15506^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nibribacter flagellatus</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hibiscus syriacus</Emphasis> and emended description of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nibribacter</Emphasis>

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, motile by flagella, rod-shaped strain (THG-T16^T) was isolated from rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus. Growth occurred at 10–40 °C (optimum 28–30 °C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0–1.0% NaCl (optimum 0%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the near phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T16^T were identified as Nibribacter koreensis KACC 16450^T (98.6%), Rufibacter roseus KCTC 42217^T (94.7%), Rufibacter immobilis CCTCC AB 2013351^T (94.5%) and Rufibacter tibetensis CCTCC AB 208084^T (94.4%). The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T16^T was determined to be 46.7 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain THG-T16^T and N. koreensis KACC 16450^T, R. roseus KCTC 42217^T, R. immobilis CCTCC AB 2013351^T, R.tibetensis CCTCC AB 208084^T were 33.5?±?0.5% (31.7?±?0.7% reciprocal analysis), 28.1?±?0.2% (25.2?±?0.2%), 17.1?±?0.9% (10.2?±?0.6%) and 8.1?±?0.3% (5.2?±?0.1%). The polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified lipids. The quinone was identified as MK-7 and the polyamine as sym-homospermidine. The major fatty acids were identified as C_16:1 ω5c, C_17:1 ω6c, iso-C_15:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) and summed feature 4 (iso-C_17:1 I and/or anteiso-C_17:1 B). On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics, and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T16^T represents a novel species of the genus Nibribacter, for which the name Nibribacter flagellatus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-T16^T(=?KACC 19188^T?=?CCTCC AB 2016246^T).     

Altererythrobacter flava sp. nov., a new member of the family Erythrobacteraceae,isolated from a surface seawater sample

A Gram-stain-negative, light yellow pigmented, non-motile and aerobic bacterial strain, designated HHU E2-1 ^T, was isolated from a surface seawater sample. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that HHU E2-1 ^T shared the highest sequence similarity to the type strain Qipengyuania gaetbuli DSM 16225 ^T (96.90%), which belongs to the family Erythrobacteraceae. Combined phylogeny of 288 single-copy orthologous gene clusters, analysis of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average amino acid identity (AAI) and evolutionary distances suggested that HHU E2-1 ^T can be considered as a member of the genus Altererythrobacter based on the recently proposed standard for defining genera of Erythrobacteraceae. Strain HHU E2-1 ^T grew at 15–35 °C and pH 5.0–8.0, with optimum growth at 28 °C and pH 7.0. Tolerance to NaCl was up to 4% (w/v) with optimum growth in 2–3% NaCl. The major fatty acids (>?10%) were C_18:1ω7c11-methyl, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c), and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10. The genomic G?+?C content was 57.40%. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, HHU E2-1 ^T represents a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter, for which the name Altererythrobacter flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HHU E2-1 ^T (=?CGMCC 1.17394 ^T?=?KCTC 72835 ^T?=?MCCC 1K04226^T).