Vibrio nitrifigilis sp. nov., a marine nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from the lagoon sediment of an islet inside an atoll

A nitrogen-fixing isolate of facultatively anaerobic, marine bacterium, designated strain NFV-1^T, was recovered from the lagoon sediment of Dongsha Island, Taiwan. It was a Gram-negative rod which exhibited motility with monotrichous flagellation in broth cultures. The strain required NaCl for growth and grew optimally at about 25–35 °C, 3% NaCl and pH 7–8. It grew aerobically and could achieve anaerobic growth by fermenting d-glucose or other carbohydrates as substrates. NH₄Cl could serve as a sole nitrogen source for growth aerobically and anaerobically, whereas growth with N₂ as the sole nitrogen source was observed only under anaerobic conditions. Cellular fatty acids were predominated by C_16:1 ω7c, C_16:0, and C_18:1 ω7c. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. Strain NFV-1^T had a DNA G?+?C content of 42.5 mol%, as evaluated according to the chromosomal DNA sequencing data. Analyses of sequence similarities and phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA genes, together with the housekeeping genes, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, topA and gapA, indicated that the strain formed a distinct species-level lineage in the genus Vibrio of the family Vibrionaceae. These phylogenetic data and those from genomic and phenotypic characterisations support the establishment of a novel Vibrio species, for which the name Vibrio nitrifigilis sp. nov. (type strain NFV-1^T?=?BCRC 81211^T?=?JCM 33628^T) is proposed.

     

Paenibacillus marinisediminis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from marine sediment

A Gram-negative, nonmotile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain LHW35^T, which belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, was isolated from marine sediment collected from the south coast of the Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LHW35^T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taiwanensis G-soil-2-3^T (97.2% similarity). The optimal growth conditions for strain LHW35^T were 37°C, pH 6.0, and 0% (w/v) NaCl. The main isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major polyamine was spermidine. The diamino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 and C_16:0. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified amino-hospholipids, unidentified phospholipids, and unidentified polar lipids. A DNA-DNA hybridization experiment using the type strain of P. taiwanensis indicated <40% relatedness. The DNA G+C content was 45.0 mol%. Based on these phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses, strain LHW35^T should be classified as a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus marinisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LHW35^T (=KACC 16317^T =JCM 17886^T).     

Oceaniferula marina gen.nov., sp.nov., an anti-fluoroquinolone bacterium isolated from marine sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-gliding and non-motile bacterium designated as N1E253T, was isolated from marine sediments collected from the coast of...     

Description of Maribellus sediminis sp. nov., a marine nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from sediment of cordgrass and mangrove

Two marine bacterial strains designated Y2-1-60^T and GM1-28 were isolated from sediments of cordgrass and mangrove along the Luoyang estuary in Quanzhou Bay, China, respectively. Both strains were Gram-staining-negative, straight rod-shaped, non-flagellum, facultatively anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing, and did not contain carotenoid pigment. Catalase activities were found to be weak positive and oxidase activities negative. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were identical and had maximum similarity of 98.0% with Maribellus luteus XSD2^T, and of <94.5% with other species. ANI value (96.9%) and DDH estimate (71.5%) between the two strains supported that they belonged to the same species. ANI value and DDH estimate between the two strains and M. luteus XSD2^T was 74.3% and 19.4%, respectively, indicating that they represent a novel species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and phylogenomic analysis indicated that strains Y2-1-60^T and GM1-28 formed a monophyletic branch within the genus Maribellus. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The major fatty acid (>10%) consisted of iso-C_15:0, and iso-C_17:0 3-OH. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified lipids. The genomic G + C contents were 41.9–42.0 mol%. Gene annotation revealed that strains Y2-1-60^T and GM1-28 contained a set of nif gene cluster (nifHDKENB) responsible for nitrogen fixation. Based on the above characteristics, strains Y2-1-60^T and GM1-28 represent a novel species within the genus Maribellus. Thus, Maribellus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed with type strain Y2-1-60^T (=MCCC 1K04285^T = KCTC 72884^T), isolated from cordgrass sediment and strain GM1-28 (=MCCC 1K04384 = KCTC 72880), isolated from mangrove sediment.     

Pacificispira spongiicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrate-reducing bacterium isolated from tropical western Pacific

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - The Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, curved-to-spiral rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KN72T, was isolated from the Caroline Seamounts in the Pacific Ocean....     

Paenibacillus donghaensis sp. nov., a xylan-degrading and nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from East Sea sediment

A Gram-positive and endospore-forming strain, JH8T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment and identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and phenotypic analyses. According to a phylogenetic analysis, the most closely related species was Paenibacillus wynnii LMG 22176T (96.9%). Strain JH8T was also facultatively anaerobic and grew optimally at 20-25degreesC. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0, and the DNA G+C content was 53.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and Paenibacillus wynnii LMG 22176T was 7.6%, indicating that strain JH8T and P. wynnii belong to different species. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain JH8T would appear to belong to a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus donghaensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain =KCTC 13049T=LMG 23780T).     

Kosmotoga pacifica sp. nov., a thermophilic chemoorganoheterotrophic bacterium isolated from an East Pacific hydrothermal sediment

A novel strictly anaerobic thermophilic heterotrophic bacterium, strain SLHLJ1^T, was isolated from a Pacific hydrothermal sediment. Cells were Gram-negative coccobacilli (approximately 1.0 × 0.6 μm) with a toga. It grew at temperatures between 33 and 78 °C (optimum 70 °C). Elemental sulphur and l-cystine stimulated its growth. It contained C_16:0, C_16:1 ω11c, C_18:0 and C_18:1 ω9c as major fatty acids (>5 %), 3 phospholipids and 2 glycolipids as polar lipids. Its DNA G+C content was 43.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain SLHLJ1^T within the family Thermotogaceae. The novel isolate was most closely related to Kosmotoga arenicorallina (97.93 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), K. olearia (92.43 %) and K. shengliensis (92.17 %). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons with its closest relatives, we propose its assignment to a novel species of the genus Kosmotoga. The name Kosmotoga pacifica sp. nov. is proposed with strain SLHLJ1^T (=DSM 26965^T = JCM 19180^T = UBOCC 3254^T) as the type species.     

Marinitalea sucinacia gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from tidal flat sediment

An amber-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterial strain devoid of flagella, designated strain JC2131(T) , was isolated from tidal flat sediment of Dongmak in Ganghwa island, South Korea. Identification was carried out on the basis of polyphasic taxonomy. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae and showed the highest sequence similarity of 94.5% with Lutibacter litoralis KCCM 42118(T). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15:0) (25.9%), iso-C(15:0) 3-OH (20.0%) and iso-C(13:0) (12.7%). Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 43.7 mol%. Several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties including growth at pH 6, sea salts requirement, aesculin hydrolysis, carbon utilization, DNA G+C content and fatty acid profiles also differentiated the strain from the related members of the family. Therefore, results from the polyphasic taxonomy study suggested that strain JC2131(T) represents a novel genus and species in the family Flavobacteriaceae for which the name Marinitalea sucinacia gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain JC2131(T)=KCTC 12705(T)=JCM 14003(T)).     

Fictibacillus enclensis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment

A novel Gram-positive strain, designated NIO-1003^T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Chorao Island, Goa Provence, India. Strain NIO-1003^T was found to be strictly aerobic, motile, endospore-forming rods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NIO-1003^T belongs to the genus Fictibacillus and to be most closely related to Fictibacillus rigui KCTC 13278^T, Fictibacillus solisalsi KCTC 13181^T and Fictibacillus barbaricus DSM 14730^T with 98.2, 98.0 and 97.2 % similarity and 25, 28, 39 nucleotide differences respectively. Strain NIO-1003^T was characterized by having cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipid profile exhibited the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. In addition, minor amounts of an aminophospholipid were detected. The major fatty acids were identified as ai-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0, ai-C_17:0 and C_16:0, supporting the grouping of strain NIO-1003^T into the family Bacillaceae. The DNA G+C content of strain NIO-1003^T was determined to be 42.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic properties, phylogeny and DNA–DNA hybridisation analysis, strain NIO-1003^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Fictibacillus for which the name Fictibacillus enclensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NIO-1003^T (= NCIM 5458^T = DSM 25142^T).     

Hyphomonas sediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic and pear-shaped bacterial strain, designated WL0036^T, was isolated from coastal sediment sample collected in Nantong city, Jiangsu province of China (120° 51′ 13″ E, 32° 6′ 26″ N) in October 2020. Strain WL0036^T was found to grow at 20–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) with 0–9.0% NaCl (optimum, 2.5–4.0%) and displayed alkaliphilic growth with the pH range of pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0). The polar lipids profile of strain WL0036^T included phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. The major isoprenoid quinone was determined to be Q-11 and the major fatty acids were C_16:0, 11-methyl-C_18:1ω7c, and summed features 8 (C_18:1ω6c and/or C_18:1ω7c). The G?+?C content of genomic DNA was 61.8%. Phylogenetic trees constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and bac120 gene set (a collection of 120 single-copy protein sequences prevalent in bacteria) indicted that strain WL0036^T clustered with strains Hyphomonas neptunium ATCC 15444^T and H. polymorpha PS728^T. The average nucleotide identities between strain WL0036^T and strains H. neptunium ATCC 15444^T and H. polymorpha PS728^T were 80.7% and 81.2%, respectively. Strain WL0036^T showed 22.8% and 23.2% of digital DNA-DNA hybridization identities with H. neptunium ATCC 15444^T and H. polymorpha PS728^T, respectively. As inferred from the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and the phylogenetic trees, strain WL0036^T ought to be recognized as a novel species in genus Hyphomonas, for which the name Hyphomonas sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WL0036^T (=?MCCC 1K05843^T?=?JCM 34658^T?=?GDMCC 1.2413^T).

     

Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae sp. nov., a new marine polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from a Pacific red alga

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 130^T, that displayed the ability to destroy polysaccharides of red and brown algae, was isolated from the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the novel strain within the genus Flavobacterium, the type genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the phylum Bacteroidetes, with sequence similarities of 96.2 and 95.7 % to Flavobacterium jumunjiense KCTC 23618^T and Flavobacterium ponti CCUG 58402^T, and 95.3–92.5 % to other recognized Flavobacterium species. The prevalent fatty acids of strain 10Alg 130^T were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3-OH, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, C_15:0 and iso-C_17:1ω9c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 34.3 mol%. The new isolate and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium could strongly be distinguished by a number of phenotypic characteristics. A combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the algal isolate represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 10Alg 130^T (=KCTC 32467^T = KMM 6686^T).     

Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov., an obligate marine bacterium isolated from seawater

A marine bacterial strain, designated OB44-3^T, was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated seawater sample collected near Dalian Bay, China. Cells of strain OB44-3^T were Gramnegative, aerobic, rod-shaped, and oxidase- and catalasepositive. The major fatty acids were branched-chain saturated iso-C_15:0 (27.9%) and unsaturated iso-C_17:1 ω9c (14.8%). The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain OB44-3^T was a member of the genus Luteimonas (95–96% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity); its closest neighbors were the type strains of Luteimonas terricola (96% sequence similarity), Luteimonas mephitis (96%), and Luteimonas lutimaris (96%). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain OB44-3^T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Luteimonas. The name Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain OB44-3^T (=CGMCC 1.12191^T =JCM 18136^T) as the type strain.     

Halorubellus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Halorubellus litoreus sp. nov., novel halophilic archaea isolated from a marine solar saltern

Two extremely halophilic archaeal strains GX3(T) and GX26(T) were isolated from the Gangxi marine solar saltern near the Weihai city of Shandong Province, China. Cells from the two strains were pleomorphic and stained Gram-negative, colonies were red-pigmented. Strains GX3(T) and GX26(T) were able to grow at 25-50 °C (optimum 37 °C), at 1.4-5.1M NaCl (optimum 3.1M), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0) and neither strain required Mg(2+) for growth. Cells lyse in distilled water and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell-lysis was 8% (w/v). The major polar lipids of the two strains were PA (phosphatidic acid), PG (phosphatidylglycerol), PGP-Me (phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester) and three major glycolipids (GL1, GL2 & GL3) chromatographically identical to S-TGD-1 (sulfated galactosyl mannosy glucosyl diether), S-DGD-1 (sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether), and DGD-1 (mannosyl glucosyl diether) respectively, an unidentified lipid (GL4) was also detected in strain GX26(T). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) formed a distinct clade with the closest relative, Haladaptatus paucihalophilus (89.9-92.4% and 90.4-92.7, respectively). The rpoB' gene similarities between strains GX3(T) and GX26(T), and between the two strains and the closest relative, Halorussus rarus TBN4(T) are 96.5%, 84.3% and 83.9%, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) are 67.3 mol% and 67.2 mol%, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) was 44%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) represent two novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, Halorubellus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain GX3(T)=CGMCC 1.10384(T)=JCM 17115(T)) and Halorubellus litoreus sp. nov. (type strain GX26(T)=CGMCC 1.10386(T)=JCM 17117(T)).     

Kocuria sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a marine sediment sample

A Gram-positive, pinkish-orange pigmented, coccoid strain, FCS-11^T was isolated from a marine sediment sample taken from Kochi fort area, Kerala, India and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain was determined and the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain FCS-11^T should be assigned to the genus Kocuria. The chemotaxonomic data supported this taxonomic placement i.e. menaquinones MK-7(H₂), MK-8(H₂) and MK-9(H₂); major fatty acids anteiso C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) as major polar lipids. Further phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that the strain FCS-11^T belonged to the genus Kocuria and is closely related to Kocuria turfanensis MTCC 10790^T (99.4%) followed by Kocuria polaris MTCC 3702^T (98.2%), Kocuria rosea MTCC 2522^T (98.2%), Kocuria flava MTCC 10971^T (98.2%), Kocuria aegyptia MTCC 10791^T (98.0%), Kocuria himachalensis MTCC 7020^T (97.5%) and Kocuria atrinae MTCC 10972^T (97.1%). However, the DNA–DNA hybridisation values obtained between strain FCS-11^T and other related strains were well below the threshold that is required for the proposal of a novel species. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 60.7 mol%. The phenotypic and genotypic data showed that the strain FCS-11^T merits the recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Kocuria. It is proposed that the isolate should be classified in the genus Kocuria as a novel species, Kocuria sediminis sp. nov. The type strain is FCS-11^T (= MTCC 10969^T = JCM 17929^T).     

Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated F14^T, was isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belongs to the genus Paracoccus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity between strain F14^T and other type strains of recognized members of the genus Paracoccus were 93.6–96.5 %. Growth of strain F14^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 61.4 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic characterization, strain F14^T represents a novel species, for which the name Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F14^T (=CGMCC 1.12755^T=LMG 28106^T=MCCC 1A09947^T).