视觉模拟评分法在全膝关节置换术镇痛后应用体会

目的:观察视觉模拟评级法对于关节置换手术后镇痛的指导意义。方法:对比不同疼痛评估方式在全膝关节置换手术患者术后疼痛治疗中的KSS评分及患肢膝关节主动活动范围改变情况及镇痛药物的使用剂量。结果:使用视觉模拟评级法指导组取得了更好的膝关节活动情况的改善,同时其用镇痛药物药剂剂量较少,两组KSS评分无显著差异。结论:视觉模拟评级法对于关节置换手术后镇痛具有一定的参考价值,可以有效的改善患者的康复效果,并减少镇痛药物使用。     

视觉模拟评分法在全膝关节置换术镇痛后应用体会

目的：观察视觉模拟评级法对于关节置换手术后镇痛的指导意义。方法：对比不同疼痛评估方式在全膝关节置换手术患者术后疼痛治疗中的KSS评分及患肢膝关节主动活动范围改变情况及镇痛药物的使用剂量。结果：使用视觉模拟评级法指导组取得了更好的膝关节活动情况的改善,同时其用镇痛药物药剂剂量较少,两组KSS评分无显著差异。结论：视觉模拟评级法对于关节置换手术后镇痛具有一定的参考价值,可以有效的改善患者的康复效果,并减少镇痛药物使用。     

平衡性训练对膝关节内侧副韧带损伤患者膝关节功能恢复的效果研究

目的:研究平衡性训练对膝关节内侧副韧带(MCL)损伤患者膝关节功能恢复的效果。方法:选取2014年8月至2016年8月北京体育大学运动员膝关节MCL损伤患者112例为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=56)与观察组(n=56)。对照组予以常规康复训练干预,观察组则在对照组的基础上加用平衡性训练干预,两组患者干预时间均为4周,分别比较两组干预前和干预4周后膝关节功能变化情况、疼痛程度、膝关节平衡能力以及生活质量的变化。结果:干预后两组患者Lysholm评分均较干预前升高,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后两组患者视觉模拟(VAS)评分均明显低于干预前,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。干预后,两组患者总体稳定指数(OSI)、前后方向的稳定指数(APSI)、左右方向的稳定指数(MLSI)水平均低于干预前,且观察组患者OSI、APSI、MLSI水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组患者满意度较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:为膝关节MCL损伤患者实施平衡性训练能较好地改善其膝关节功能,并缓解疼痛,同时可帮助其提高膝关节的平衡能力,增加了满意度,适于推广。     

老年膝关节骨性关节炎保守治疗与置换术的疗效对比分析

目的：比较老年膝关节骨性关节炎予以保守治疗以及外科膝关节置换手术的治疗效果,以探讨其合理的干预方法。方法：选 取我院2009 年1 月-2013 年12 月间收治的50 例临床资料完整的老年膝关节骨性关节炎疾病患者,将其根据治疗方式的不同分 为保守治疗组17 例以及外科手术治疗组33 例,手术方法为膝关节置换术。比较术后的KSS 评分情况,HSS评分、膝关节优良率。 结果：治疗后手术治疗组患者的KSS 评分较治疗前明显改善,P<0.05。治疗后外科手术组患者的HSS 各项评分均明显优于保守治 疗组,治疗后手术组患者的膝关节功能优良率达到了100 %（33/33）,明显优于保守治疗组35.29 %（6/17）的优良率,组间比较有统 计学差异,P<0.05。结论：对于老年膝关节骨性关节炎进行保守治疗可能不会对疾病的进展起到干预作用,而明确诊断的患者行全 膝关节置换术可以有效改善膝关节功能,提高生活质量。     

采用载距突螺钉固定技术治疗膝关节内骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨载距突螺钉固定术治疗膝关节内骨折的疗效。方法:选取我院骨科收治的膝关节内骨折的患者80例,根据患者骨折固定方法而分为实验组(40例)与对照组(40例)。实验组采用载距突螺钉固定技术进行治疗,对照组采用开口后观察骨折程度,并对关节周围平整性进行修复,如需固定可借助克氏针,部分可运用牵引手法等进行修复。两组患者术后均予以常规抗炎治疗。比较两组患者膝关节功能恢复情况、疗效及并发症情况。结果:与对照组相比,实验组总有效率较高,并发症发生率较低(P0.05);HSS评分比较,实验组HSS评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:载距突螺钉固定技术能够提高膝关节内骨折患者的临床疗效,降低并发症的发生率,改善膝关节的功能活动。     

经皮穴位电刺激联合下肢康复机器人在膝关节前交叉韧带损伤重建术后康复中的应用效果分析

摘要 目的：探讨经皮穴位电刺激联合下肢康复机器人在膝关节前交叉韧带损伤重建术后康复中的应用效果。方法：选取我院2019年1月到2022年12月收治的120例采取膝关节前交叉韧带损伤重建术的患者作为研究对象,分为观察组与对照组,每组60例。对照组采取常规术后康复治疗,观察组采取经皮穴位电刺激联合下肢康复机器人康复治疗,对比两组患者康复治疗效果,位置觉和运动觉,疼痛情况与肿胀情况,膝关节功能以及生活质量。结果：观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者患肢肿胀值、视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后均降低,且观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）;两组患者的治疗前膝关节75度、45度、15度位置觉,伸膝、屈膝运动觉对比无差异（P>0.05）,治疗后两组患者膝关节75度、45度、15度位置觉,伸膝、屈膝运动觉均下降,且观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者膝关节主观（IKDC）评分、膝关节功能（Lysholm）评分对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后均降低,且观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗前生活质量相关评分对比无差异（P＜0.05）,治疗后均升高,且观察组较对照组高（P＜0.05）。结论：经皮穴位电刺激联合下肢康复机器人在膝关节前交叉韧带损伤重建术后康复中应用效果显著,能够改善患者膝关节位置觉和运动觉,减轻远期疼痛情况与肿胀情况,提升膝关节功能,患者生活质量较好。     

膝关节镜手术联合矫形支具治疗对膝关节骨性关节炎患者围手术期指标、膝关节功能和关节活动度的影响

摘要 目的：探讨膝关节镜手术联合矫形支具治疗对膝关节骨性关节炎患者围手术期指标、膝关节功能和关节活动度的影响。方法：选取2020年1月到2023年1月膝关节骨性关节炎患者116例,分为观察组、对照组,每组58例。对照组采取单纯膝关节镜手术治疗,观察组采取膝关节镜手术联合矫形支具治疗,对比两组患者围术期相关指标,膝关节功能,术后并发症发生率以及关节活动度。结果：两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间相关围术期指标对比无差异（P＞0.05）;两组患者治疗前美国特种外科医院膝关节评估（HSS）、美国膝关节协会评分（KSS）对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后均升高,且与对照组相比,观察组高（P＜0.05）;观察组患者术后并关节炎进展、关节出血及纤维化、衬垫脱位、假体松动、感染等并发症总发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗前最大关节伸直角度、最大关节屈伸活动度、胫骨平台后倾角和胫股角对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者最大关节伸直角度、胫骨平台后倾角和胫股角均降低,观察组低于对照组,最大关节屈伸活动度升高,观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：膝关节镜手术联合矫形支具治疗膝关节骨性关节炎能够降改善患者膝关节功能恢复水平,减少术后并发症发生情况,改善膝关节活动度。     

UKA与TKA治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎的临床对比

目的:探究膝关节单髁置换术(UKA)与全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎的临床治疗效果。方法:将2011年4月-2015年7月期间因膝关节单间室骨性关节炎入院接受治疗的89例患者纳入本研究,随机分为研究组和对照组,研究组44例,行UKA手术,对照组45例,采用TKA手术方式治疗。对两组患者进行术后随访,对比临床治疗效果。结果:两组术前均有明显膝关节疼痛,术后膝关节疼痛均明显改善,组间差别无显著统计学意义(X2=1.323,P=0.2500.05);术后膝关节屈曲角度、HSS评分相对于术前均显著改善,研究组术后膝关节屈曲角度(111.2±18.8)度高于对照组的(98.6±14.7)度,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);HSS评分(87.6±13.7)分高于对照组的(73.2±16.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组膝关节屈曲至90度时间比对照组短,数据差异有统计学差异(t=-2.303,P=0.0240.05)。结论:膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎采用UKA与TKA均能取得一定临床效果,减轻患者痛苦,改善膝关节功能,但UKA临床疗效较好,手术创伤较小,术后恢复较快。     

Knee biomechanics of moderate OA patients measured during gait at a self-selected and fast walking speed

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disorder resulting in degenerative changes to the knee joint. Three-dimensional gait analysis provides a unique method of measuring knee dynamics during activities of daily living such as walking. The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical features characterizing the gait of patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA and to determine if the biomechanical differences become more pronounced as the locomotor system is stressed by walking faster. Principal component analysis was used to compare the gait patterns of a moderate knee OA group (n=41) and a control group (n=43). The subjects walked at their self-selected speed as well as at 150% of that speed. The two subject groups did not differ in knee joint angles, stride length, and stride time or walking speed. Differences in the magnitude and shape of the knee joint moment waveforms were found between the two groups. The OA group had larger adduction moment magnitudes during stance and this higher magnitude was sustained for a longer portion of the gait cycle. The OA group also had a reduced flexion moment and a reduced external rotation moment during early stance. Increasing speed was associated with an increase in the magnitude of all joint moments. The fast walks did not, however, increase or bring out any biomechanical differences between the OA and control groups that did not exist at the self-selected walks.     

Effects of movement speed and joint position on knee flexor torque in healthy and post-surgical subjects

Coactivation of knee flexors during knee extension assists in joint stability by exerting an opposing torque to the anterior tibial displacement induced by the quadriceps. This opposing torque is believed to be generated by eccentric muscle actions that stiffen the knee, thereby attenuating strain to joint ligaments, particularly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, as the lengths of knee muscles vary with changes in joint position, the magnitude of flexor/extensor muscle force coupling may likewise vary, possibly affecting the capacity for active knee stabilization. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of changes in movement speed and joint position on eccentric/concentric muscle action relationships in the knees of uninjured (UNI) and post-ACL-surgery (INJ) subjects (n = 14). All subjects were tested for maximum eccentric and concentric torque of the contralateral knee flexors and extensor muscles at four isokinetic speeds (15 degrees-60 degrees x s(-1)) and four joint position intervals (20 degrees-60 degrees of knee flexion). Eccentric flexor torque was normalized to the percentage of concentric flexor torque generated at each joint position interval for each speed tested (flexor E-C ratio). In order to estimate the capacity of the knee flexors to resist active knee extension, the eccentric-flexor/concentric-extensor ratios were also computed for each joint position interval and speed (flexor/extensor E-C ratio). The results revealed that eccentric torque surpassed concentric torque by 3%-144% across movement speeds and joint position intervals. The magnitude of the flexor E-C ratio and flexor/extensor E-C increased significantly with speed in both groups of subjects (P < 0.05) and tended to rise with muscle length as the knee was extended; peak values were generated at the most extended joint position (20 degrees-30 degrees). Although torque development patterns were symmetrical between the contralateral limbs in both groups, between-group comparisons revealed significantly higher flexor/extensor E-C ratios for the INJ group compared to the UNI group (P < 0.05), particularly at the fastest speed tested (60 degrees x s(-1)). The results indicate that joint position and movement speed influence the eccentric/concentric relationships of knee flexors and extensors. The INJ subjects appeared to accommodate to surgery by developing the eccentric function of their ACL and normal knee flexors, particularly at higher speeds and at more extended knee joint positions. This may assist in the dynamic stabilization of the knee at positions where ACL grafts have been reported to be most vulnerable to strain.     

Evaluation of the kinematic parameters of normal-paced gait in subjects with gonarthrosis and the influence of gonarthrosis on the function of the ankle joint and hip joint

The aim of the study was to assess the variability of parameters characterising the gait of persons suffering from degenerative changes of the knee joint and their influence on the ankle and hip joints. The values of the angular changes in the knee, ankle and hip joints in the three planes of motion were assessed. Locomotion tests were performed on 27 persons, aged between 60 and 74, using Vicon 250, the three-dimensional analysis system. The sharpest deviations from the results of the control group were revealed in the transverse and frontal planes. Degenerative knee joint disease has changed the gait stereotype causing a reduction in the economy of gonarthrosis patients' locomotion, the influence of the disease on the function of the neighbouring joints is also distinctly marked.     

Neuromuscular alterations during walking in persons with moderate knee osteoarthritis.

This paper compared the neuromuscular responses during walking between those with early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) to asymptomatic controls. The rationale for studying those with mild to moderate knee OA was to determine the alterations in response to dynamic loading that might be expected before severe pain, joint space narrowing and joint surface changes occur. We used pattern recognition techniques to explore both amplitude and shape changes of the surface electromyograms recorded from seven muscles crossing the knee joint of 40 subjects with knee OA and 38 asymptomatic controls during a walking task. The principal patterns for each muscle grouping explained over 83% of the variance in the waveforms. This result supported the notion that the main neuromuscular patterns were similar between asymptomatic controls and those with OA, reflecting the specific roles of the major muscles during walking. ANOVA revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in the principal pattern scores reflecting both amplitude and shape alterations in the OA group and among muscles. These differences captured subtle changes in the neuromuscular responses of the subjects with OA throughout different phases of the gait cycle and most likely reflected changes in the mechanical environment (joint loading, instability) and pain. The subjects with OA attempted to increase activity of the lateral sites and reduce activity in the medial sites, having minimal but prolonged activity during late stance. Therefore, alterations in neuromuscular responses were found even in this high functioning group with moderate knee OA.     

Experimental quadriceps muscle pain impairs knee joint control during walking.

Pain is a cardinal symptom in musculoskeletal diseases involving the knee joint, and aberrant movement patterns and motor control strategies are often present in these patients. However, the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms linking pain to movement and motor control are unclear. To investigate the functional significance of muscle pain on knee joint control during walking, three-dimensional gait analyses were performed before, during, and after experimentally induced muscle pain by means of intramuscular injections of hypertonic saline (5.8%) into vastus medialis (VM) muscle of 20 healthy subjects. Isotonic saline (0.9%) was used as control. Surface electromyography (EMG) recordings of VM, vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris, and semitendinosus muscles were synchronized with the gait analyses. During experimental muscle pain, the loading response phase peak knee extensor moments were attenuated, and EMG activity in the VM and VL muscles was reduced. Compressive forces, adduction moments, knee joint kinematics, and hamstring EMG activity were unaffected by pain. Interestingly, the observed changes persisted when the pain had vanished. The results demonstrate that muscle pain modulated the function of the quadriceps muscle, resulting in impaired knee joint control and joint instability during walking. The changes are similar to those observed in patients with knee pain. The loss of joint control during and after pain may leave the knee joint prone to injury and potentially participate in the chronicity of musculoskeletal problems, and it may have clinically important implications for rehabilitation and training of patients with knee pain of musculoskeletal origin.     

糖皮质激素联合玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床研究

目的:探究糖皮质激素联合玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2012年6月至2014年6月期间我院接收的120例患有膝关节骨性关节炎的患者,并按照随机数字数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组60例,均给予膝关节腔内注射2.5 m L玻璃酸钠,在治疗第一周给予观察组患者膝关节腔内注射1 m L复方倍他米松,对照组给予相同剂量的注射用水;分别对治疗前、治疗后1周、2周、1个月、3个月、5个月时患者膝关节Lequence评分,并对比两组治疗效果。结果:治疗后,两组膝关节Lequence评分均显著低于治疗前,且观察组降低更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者治疗后1周、2周、1个月、3个月、5个月总有效率均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:糖皮质激素联合玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射治疗膝关节骨性关节炎具有良好的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供了新的思路。     

膝关节炎患者关节置换术后细菌感染严重程度与IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平的相关性

目的探讨膝关节炎患者关节置换术后细菌感染严重程度与IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平的相关性。方法选取2016年8月至2018年8月于我院进行治疗的70例膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染患者作为试验组,参照Michel Lequesen推荐的膝关节炎严重性判断标准将膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染患者分为极严重组、非常严重组、严重组、中度组和轻度组。选取同期来我院体检中心进行体检的健康者50例为对照组。采用全自动生化免疫分析仪测定血清IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α水平。结果试验组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。极严重组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于非常严重组、严重组、中度组和轻度组(均P<0.05)。非常严重组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于严重组、中度组和轻度组(均P<0.05)。严重组患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于中度组和轻度组(均P<0.05)。IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平与膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染严重程度呈显著正相关(均P<0.05)。结论膝关节炎关节置换术后细菌感染患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平明显升高,并且病情越严重,IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平越高。     

In vivo changes in the human patellar tendon moment arm length with different modes and intensities of muscle contraction

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different muscle contraction modes and intensities on patellar tendon moment arm length (d(PT)). Five men performed isokinetic concentric, eccentric and passive knee extensions at an angular velocity of 60 deg/s and six men performed gradually increasing to maximum effort isometric muscle contractions at 90( composite function) and 20( composite function) of knee flexion. During the tests, lateral X-ray fluoroscopy imaging was used to scan the knee joint. The d(PT) differences between the passive state and the isokinetic concentric and extension were quantified at 15( composite function) intervals of knee joint flexion angle. Furthermore, the changes of the d(PT) as a function of the isometric muscle contraction intensities were determined during the isometric knee extension at 90( composite function) and 20( composite function) of knee joint flexion. Muscle contraction-induced changes in knee joint flexion angle during the isometric muscle contraction were also taken into account for the d(PT) measurements. During the two isometric knee extensions, d(PT) increased from rest to maximum voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) by 14-15%. However, when changes in knee joint flexion angle induced by the muscle contraction were taken into account, d(PT) during MVC increased by 6-26% compared with rest. Moreover, d(PT) increased during concentric and eccentric knee extension by 3-15%, depending on knee flexion angle, compared with passive knee extension. These findings have important implications for estimating musculoskeletal loads using modelling under static and dynamic conditions.     

The effects of femoral graft placement on cartilage thickness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Altered joint motion has been thought to be a contributing factor in the long-term development of osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction. While many studies have quantified knee kinematics after ACL injury and reconstruction, there is limited in vivo data characterizing the effects of altered knee motion on cartilage thickness distributions. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare cartilage thickness distributions in two groups of patients with ACL reconstruction: one group in which subjects received a non-anatomic reconstruction that resulted in abnormal joint motion and another group in which subjects received an anatomically placed graft that more closely restored normal knee motion. Ten patients with anatomic graft placement (mean follow-up: 20 months) and 12 patients with non-anatomic graft placement (mean follow-up: 18 months) were scanned using high-resolution MR imaging. These images were used to generate 3D mesh models of both knees of each patient. The operative and contralateral knee models were registered to each other and a grid sampling system was used to make site-specific comparisons of cartilage thickness. Patients in the non-anatomic graft placement group demonstrated a significant decrease in cartilage thickness along the medial intercondylar notch in the operative knee relative to the intact knee (8%). In the anatomic graft placement group, no significant changes were observed. These findings suggest that restoring normal knee motion after ACL injury may help to slow the progression of degeneration. Therefore, graft placement may have important implications on the development of osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction.     

膝关节镜下有限清理与广泛清理术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效

目的:研究膝关节镜下有限清理与广泛清理术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年2月至2013年2月我院收治的80例膝关节骨关节炎患者,按随机数字表法平均分为研究组及对照组各40例,研究组行膝关节镜下有限清理术,对照组行广泛清理术;比较两组患者治疗优良率、手术前及术后1年膝关节功能评分及手术时间、住院时间等。结果:研究组患者治疗优良率为80.00%(32/40)高于对照组的75.00%(30/40),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组手术时间及住院时间分别为(30.4±14.8)h及(8.9±4.3)d,明显低于对照组的(60.6±16.9)h及(15.6±6.8)d,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后1年膝关节功能评分较治疗前均明显改善,研究组术后Lysholm评分为(73.2±12.3)分,与对照组的(73.7±11.9)分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未出现术后感染等并发症,对照组2例出现术后下肢静脉血栓,研究组无严重并发症发生,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:膝关节镜下有限清理术治疗膝关节骨关节炎与广泛清理术疗效相当,但可明显缩短手术时间及住院时间,患者恢复快,值得推广应用。     

Use of functional electrical stimulation in the rehabilitation of patients with incomplete spinal cord injuries

When patients enter the Rehabilitation Centre a therapeutic electrical stimulation programme is immediately initiated. Three groups of patients were identified: (i) those in whom an improvement of both voluntary and stimulated muscle force was observed, (ii) those with an increase in stimulation response only, and (iii) patients in whom no effect of electrical stimulation training could be recorded. Isometric measurement of voluntary and stimulated knee joint torque revealed that in a great number of patients one leg was severely paralysed while the other leg was under sufficient voluntary control. Unilateral two-channel stimulation of knee extensors and the peroneal nerve was proposed as an orthotic aid for this group of patients. Exaggerated extensor tone was observed by assessment of spasticity around the knee joint. A two-channel peroneal stimulator was found to be a useful approach in order to inhibit this tone and thereby help the patients to initiate a step.     

Fatigue effects on the coordinative pattern during cycling: Kinetics and kinematics evaluation

The aim of the present study was to analyze the net joint moment distribution, joint forces and kinematics during cycling to exhaustion. Right pedal forces and lower limb kinematics of ten cyclists were measured throughout a fatigue cycling test at 100% of PO_MAX. The absolute net joint moments, resultant force and kinematics were calculated for the hip, knee and ankle joint through inverse dynamics. The contribution of each joint to the total net joint moments was computed. Decreased pedaling cadence was observed followed by a decreased ankle moment contribution to the total joint moments in the end of the test. The total absolute joint moment, and the hip and knee moments has also increased with fatigue. Resultant force was increased, while kinematics has changed in the end of the test for hip, knee and ankle joints. Reduced ankle contribution to the total absolute joint moment combined with higher ankle force and changes in kinematics has indicated a different mechanical function for this joint. Kinetics and kinematics changes observed at hip and knee joint was expected due to their function as power sources. Kinematics changes would be explained as an attempt to overcome decreased contractile properties of muscles during fatigue.