海桐花属一些种类的新异名

作为对英文版“Flora of China”海桐花科的分类学修订结果,提出了海桐花属6个种的8个新异名,并分别进行了讨论。     

海桐花属短萼海桐在陕西省的新分布

【目的】了解海桐花属植物在陕西省巴山地区的分布情况。【方法和结果】通过对巴山地区白河县友好村海桐花属植物的采集研究与标本鉴定,发现海桐花属植物的陕西省新分布种——短萼海桐[Pittosporum brevicalyx(Oliv.) Gagnep.]。【结论】海桐花属植物在中国主要分布在秦岭以南的亚热带地区,本次发现将该种的分布区向东北扩展到陕西省巴山地区,丰富了陕西秦巴山区的植物分布记录,为巴山地区物种多样性研究提供研究资料。     

陕西海桐属一新种

秦岭海桐　新种　图 1ＰｉｔｔｏｓｐｏｒｕｍｑｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｅＹ .ＲｅｎｅｔＸ .Ｌｉｕ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ.Ｆｉｇ.1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＰ .ｂａｌａｎｓａｅＤＣ .ａｆｆｉｎｉｓ,ｓｅｄｓｅｍｉｎｉｂｕｓ 1 0～ 1 2ｉｎｓｅｒｔｉｓｉｎｔｏｔａｐｌａｃｅｎｔａ,ｆｏｌｉｉ     

Cytotoxic farnesyl glycosides from Pittosporum pancheri

Bioassay guided purification of the ethanolic extract of the bark of New Caledonian Pittosporum pancheri Brongn. and Gris (Pittosporaceae) led to the isolation and characterization of two new farnesyl monoglycosides, pancherins A and B. The structure of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic studies. The new compounds displayed a significant activity in the in vitro cytotoxic assay against KB cancer cell line, and pancherin A inhibits weakly farnesyl protein transferase.     

中国海桐花属省级分布新记录

报道我国3个省5种海桐花属植物的新分布种,其中四川分布新记录是尖萼海桐Pittosporum subulisepalum Hu etF．T．Wang：云南分布新记录是管花海桐Ptubiflorum H．T．Chang ＆ S．Z．Yah、光叶海桐P.glabratum Lindley和海金子Pillicioides Makino：广东分布新记录是木果海桐Pxylocarpum Hu ＆ F．T．Wang。     

Floral morphology and anatomy of Pittosporum tobira (Pittosporaceae)

Comparative studies are made on floral morphology and anatomy of female and male flowers of Pittosporum tobira. The two types of flower differ little from each other in structure at the early stage of floral development, but appear dimorphic towards anthesis. The male flower becomes cryptically bisexual, although its pistil is slender compared to that of the female flower. The stigmas of the male flower are receptive and can induce pollen germination. The structure of the style in the male flower is identical to that in the female flower. Ovules are produced on the protruded parietal placenta in the male flower, but their development is arrested at the stage of the 4–nucleate embryo sac. The female flower is clearly unisexual, with obviously aborted and sagittate anthers. Its pistil is rather plump and can produce darkish red seeds immersed in sticky pulp. The male and female flowers are similar in vascular anatomy. A conspicuous difference between the two types of flower lies in the stamens. Variation of sexual organs in the genus Pittosporum is reviewed. We assume that the flowers of Pittosporum are derived from the hermaphrodite-flowered ancestor and the female flower has become unisexual through partial reduction of sexual organs at a faster rate than the male flower.     

金缕梅科一些种类的新异名

作为对英文版《Flora of China》金缕梅科的分类学修订结果,本文提出了10个新异名,其中蕈树属Altingia Noronha、金缕梅属Hamamelis Linn．、红花荷属Rhodoleia Champ．各一个新异名,蚊母树属Distylium Sieb．et Zucc．3个新异名,半枫荷属Semiliquidambar Chang 4个新异名,并分别进行了讨论。     

5-Hydroxy-seco-carotenoids from Pittosporum tobira

Three 5-hydroxy-seco-carotenoids were isolated from seeds of Pittosporum tobira. These structures were determined to be (3S,3'S,5'?)-3,3'-di(tetradecanoyloxy)-5'-hydroxy-5,6,5',6'-diseco-beta,beta-carotene-5,6,6'-trione (1), (3S,5?,3'S,5'R,6'S,9'Z)-3-tetradecanoyloxy-5',6'-epoxy-5,3'-dihydroxy-5',6'-dihydro-5,6-seco-beta,beta-caroten-6-one (2), and (3S,5?,3'S,5'R,6'R)-3-tetradecanoyloxy-5,3',5'-trihydroxy-6',7'-didehydro-5',6'-dihydro-5,6-seco-beta,beta-caroten-6-one (3) based on analysis of UV-vis, IR, FAB MS, and NMR spectroscopic data.     

中国梅花草属(梅花草科)一些种类的订正

在标本研究和野外观察的基础上,对中国分布的梅花草属(Parnassia)的一些种类进行了修订,将披针瓣梅花草(P.lanceolata)、窄瓣梅花草(P.angustipetala)与德格梅花草(P.degeensis)归并入云南梅花草(P.yunnanensis);将贵州梅花草(P.petimenginii)归并入峨眉梅花草(P.faberi);将矮小梅花草(P.humillis)归并入三脉梅花草(P.trinervis);将青海梅花草(P.qinghaiensis)归并入高山梅花草(P.ca-cuminum);将康定梅花草(P.kangdingensis)归并入类三脉梅花草(P.pusilla)。     

Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from invasive species of the Azores,Hedychium gardnerianum and Pittosporum undulatum

The compositions of the essential oils from the leaves and flowers of Hedychium gardnerianum and from the leaves of Pittosporum undulatum growing on San Miguel Island (Azores) were investigated, and the compounds were identified by GC-MS analyses. The oils in the leaves and flowers of H. gardnerianum were rich in alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and alpha-cadinol, whereas that from P. undulatum was found to contain monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and alkanes, of which the sesquiterpenes, calamenene (41.4%), farnesol (10.9%), spathulenol (5.6%) and beta-selinene (5.2%) and the diterpene (8beta,13beta)-kaur-16-ene (10.7%) were the major components. Their potential antimicrobial activities were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and those with the highest activities against S. aureus and S. epidermis were from H. gardnerianum; none had activity against P. aeruginosa. Additionally, the essential oils from Pittosporum undulatum had good antithrombin activity whereas that from H. gardnerianum did not.     

First Detection of Root Rot and Foliar Blight on Pittosporum (Pittosporum tenuifolium) Caused by Pythium irregulare in Italy

During 2013, a new root rot and leaf blight was detected on potted Pittosporum tenuifolium cv. ‘Silver Queen’ plants in a nursery located in the Catania province (eastern Sicily, Italy). On the basis of morphological and cultural features as well as internal transcribed spacer sequence data, the causal agent was identified as Pythium irregulare. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by pathogenicity tests carried out on potted P. tenuifolium cv. ‘Silver Queen’ plants. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of P. irregulare root rot and foliar blight disease on P. tenuifolium in Europe, and it is the first detection using molecular methods for this oomycete pathogen in Italy.     

Evolution of insular Pacific Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae): origin of the Hawaiian radiation.

We investigated the origin of Hawaiian Pittosporum and their relationship to other South Pacific Pittosporum species using internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. We performed both maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses, which produced congruent results. Sequence divergence was 0.0% between Hawaiian members of Pittosporum. These taxa formed a strongly supported clade, suggesting a single colonization event followed by phyletic radiation. Sister to the Hawaiian clade were two South Pacific species, P. yunckeri from Tonga and P. rhytidocarpum from Fiji. This result presents convincing evidence for a South Pacific origin of Hawaiian Pittosporum. Our results also identify a monophyletic group comprising three species representing the Fijian Province and East Polynesia, two introductions onto New Caledonia, and at least one (but possibly two) introduction(s) onto New Zealand. Whether the New Zealand taxa form a monophyletic group is unclear from these data. Previous morphologically based hypotheses, however, suggest the presence of four different lineages occupying New Zealand. The nonmonophyly of the New Caledonian species was not surprising based on the extent of their morphological diversity. Although this latter result is not strongly supported, these species are morphologically complex and are currently the subject of taxonomic revision and molecular systematic analyses.     

New species of Euptyctima (Acari,Oribatida) from New Zealand

Abstract

Oribotritia contortula n. sp., O. contraria n. sp., O. teretis n. sp., Rhysotritia bifurcata n. sp., Microtritia contraria n. sp., M. glabrata n. sp., Hoplophthiracarus bisulcus n. sp., Austrophthiracarus pulchellus n. sp., and Notophthiracarus claviger n. sp. are described from New Zealand.

The genera of Oribotritia Jacot, Rhysotritia Märkel & Meyer, Hoplophthiracarus Jacot, and Austrophthiracarus Balogh & Mahunka are new records for New Zealand.     

Taxonomy and distribution of some katydids (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae) from tropical Africa

Results of the study of specimens collected in tropical Africa and preserved in different European collections and museums are reported and extensively illustrated. The following three new species are described: Horatosphaga aethiopica sp. n., Dapanera occulta sp. n. and Cestromoecha laeglae sp. n. In addition, new diagnostic characters or distributional data for Ruspolia differens (Serville, 1838), Thyridorhoptrum senegalense Krauss, 1877, Horatosphaga leggei (Kirby, 1909), Horatosphaga linearis (Rehn, 1910), Preussia lobatipes Karsch, 1890 and Dapanera eidmanni Ebner, 1943 are reported. Finally, Symmetropleura plana (Walker, 1869) is proposed to be transferred to the genus Symmetrokarschia Massa, 2015, Conocephalus carbonarius (Redtenbacher, 1891) to the genus Thyridorhoptrum Rehn & Hebard, 1915; the genus Gonatoxia Karsch, 1889 is proposed to be synonymized with Dapanera Karsch, 1889.     

中国楼梯草属(荨麻科)几种植物的订正

根据对中国楼梯草属Elatostema植物标本的研究,将碧江楼梯草E．bijiangense归并入楼梯草E． involucratum,长叶墨脱楼梯草E．medogense var．oblongum和树志楼梯草E．shuzhii归并入墨脱楼梯草E． medogense,光茎钝叶楼梯草E．obtusum var．glabrescens归并入三齿钝叶楼梯草E．obtusum var．trilobula- tum,三裂楼梯草E．sinense var．trilobatum归并入对叶楼梯草E．sinense,赤水楼梯草E．strigulosum var．semitripilinerve归并入伏毛楼梯草E．strigulosum。     

Taxonomic notes on some species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China

Elatostema bijiangense W. T. Wang, E. medogense W. T. Wang var. oblongum W. T. Wang, E. shuzhii W. T. Wang, E. obtusum Wedd. var. glabrescens W. T. Wang, E. sinense H. Schorter var. trilobatum W. T. Wang and E. strigulosum W. T. Wang var. semitripi-linerve W. T. Wang are reduced to synonymies.