我国牛肝菌类一新种,叔群华牛肝菌

欣逢邓公叔群院士、教授百年华诞,感其一生更劳心曲,菌学开拓,景星庆云,近在福建武夷山发现牛肝菌科一新种：叔群华牛肝菌Sinoboletus tengii Zang et Liu,sp.nov.,谨以此名,敬寄慕念。     

中国绒盖牛肝菌属一新种--叔群绒盖牛肝菌

报道绒盖牛肝菌属一新种--叔群绒盖牛肝菌,提供了英文、拉丁文描述及插图.     

中国绒盖牛肝菌属一新种——叔群绒盖牛肝菌*

报道绒盖牛肝菌属一新种——叔群绒盖牛肝菌,提供了英文、拉丁文描述及插图。     

南岭国家自然保护区粉褶蕈属一新种

本文描述了采自南岭国家自然保护区的粉褶蕈属Entoloma的1个新种,该新种被命名为邓氏粉褶蕈Entoloma tengii。文中有新种的拉丁文和英文描述。模式标本(HMIGD 17615)保藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMIGD)内。     

On the edge of the Chinese diaspora: The surge of baihuo business in an African city

Since the first Chinese shop opened in Cape Verde in 1995, this remote archipelago has experienced a wave of Chinese entrepreneurial immigration that has transformed local retail and significantly affected people's purchasing power. During this process, Chinese migrants have seen profit margins fall and now complain that there are too many Chinese in Cape Verde. This article explores the migration dynamics that have characterized the pioneer phase of Chinese immigration, and the migrants’ understanding of their own position in relation to the Chinese diaspora. Furthermore, it discusses how the characteristics of the local economy and the resources of the Chinese migrants have interacted to form the basis for Chinese settlement. The article examines the process of market saturation, and relates responses to market saturation to a conceptual framework developed on the basis of literature on Chinese migration to Europe and the former Soviet Union.     

化石植物中文名的现状、问题与建议

化石植物的中文名, 即化石植物学名的中文译名, 在古植物学、植物演化生物学专业领域和科学普及等方面起着重要的作用。然而, 长期以来对化石植物中文名重视程度不够且拟订时缺乏统一的标准, 导致各种文本中化石植物的中文名比较混乱, 不利于古植物学知识的传播及科学普及。本文通过统计中文古植物学综合性文献和教材中的化石植物中文名, 梳理出化石植物中文名拟订方面出现的一些包括同物异中文名、中文名重名、音译拗口和存在生僻字的使用等常见问题。针对这些问题, 本文提出应尽快制定出一套规范统一的化石植物中文名拟定方案, 编写和出版化石植物拉汉词典及相应网络查询系统等, 从而统一和规范化石植物的中文名, 同时也可为化石动物中文名的拟订方案提供相关参考。     

Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to 3,000 Years Ago

The Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group in the world, and their origins, development, and expansion are complex. Many genetic studies have shown that Han Chinese can be divided into two distinct groups: northern Han Chinese and southern Han Chinese. The genetic history of the southern Han Chinese has been well studied. However, the genetic history of the northern Han Chinese is still obscure. In order to gain insight into the genetic history of the northern Han Chinese, 89 human remains were sampled from the Hengbei site which is located in the Central Plain and dates back to a key transitional period during the rise of the Han Chinese (approximately 3,000 years ago). We used 64 authentic mtDNA data obtained in this study, 27 Y chromosome SNP data profiles from previously studied Hengbei samples, and genetic datasets of the current Chinese populations and two ancient northern Chinese populations to analyze the relationship between the ancient people of Hengbei and present-day northern Han Chinese. We used a wide range of population genetic analyses, including principal component analyses, shared mtDNA haplotype analyses, and geographic mapping of maternal genetic distances. The results show that the ancient people of Hengbei bore a strong genetic resemblance to present-day northern Han Chinese and were genetically distinct from other present-day Chinese populations and two ancient populations. These findings suggest that the genetic structure of northern Han Chinese was already shaped 3,000 years ago in the Central Plain area.     

油松林对油松毛虫危害的补偿与超补偿效应的研究

本文从油松毛虫的优化管理出发,在油松林-油松毛虫生态系统中,将油松林视为一个子系统,通过人工模拟摘叶和油松毛虫自然危害的方法,从宏观上进行了油松生长指标的测定,从微观上进行了油松生理指标的分析,均证明了油松在一定失叶率条件下,具有补偿与超补偿效应。并进一步组建了不同龄级油松的补偿与超补偿模型,同时寻求了相应的补偿点和超补偿点。通过1988—1991年在北京部分地区的应用,有力地说明了该项研究成果具有明显的经济效益和生态效益,可为制定油松毛虫综合防治的新策略提供可靠的科学依据。     

Genetic characterization of wild and captive rhesus macaques in China

The genetic structures of wild and captive rhesus macaque populations within China were compared by analyzing the mtDNA sequences of 203 captive-bred Chinese rhesus macaques with 77 GenBank sequences from wild-caught animals trapped throughout China. The genotypes of 22 microsatellites of captive Chinese rhesus macaques were also compared with those of captive Indian animals. The Chinese population is significantly differentiated from the Indian population and is more heterogeneous. Thus, compared with Indian rhesus macaques the phenotypic variance of traits with high heritability will be inflated in Chinese animals. Our data suggest that the western Chinese provinces have more subdivided populations than the eastern and southern Chinese provinces. The southern Chinese populations are the least structured and might have been more recently established. Human-mediated interbreeding among captive Chinese populations has occurred, implying that Chinese breeding strategies can influence the interpretation of biomedical research in the USA.     

新技术在中药现代化研究中的应用

本文从中药的提取、中药制剂、中药的鉴定三个方面介绍了近年来新技术在中药现代化研究中的应用。     

分子遗传标记技术在中药材鉴定中的应用

分子遗传标记技术在中药材品种鉴别中的应用是中药现代化研究的一个重要方面,本文回顾国内外中药分子标记鉴定研究的历史及现状,分析了目前分子标记在中药鉴定应用中存在的问题并提出建议,进而展望这项技术应用的前景。中药材质量的规范化,为中药材遗传图谱的建立指明方向。     

Classification of Chinese herbs based on the cluster analysis of delayed luminescence

Traditional Chinese material medica are an important component of the Chinese pharmacopeia. According to the traditional Chinese medicinal concept, Chinese herbal medicines are classified into different categories based on their therapeutic effects, however, the bioactive principles cannot be solely explained by chemical analysis. The aim of this study is to classify different Chinese herbs based on their therapeutic effects by using delayed luminescence (DL). The DL of 56 Chinese herbs was measured using an ultra‐sensitive luminescence detection system. The different DL parameters were used to classify Chinese herbs according to a hierarchical cluster analysis. The samples were divided into two groups based on their DL kinetic parameters. Interestingly, the DL classification results were quite consistent with classification according to the Chinese medicinal concepts of ‘cold’ and ‘heat’ properties. In this paper, we show for the first time that by using DL technology, it is possible to classify Chinese herbs according to the Chinese medicinal concept and it may even be possible to predict their therapeutic properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中药制剂研究进展

本文从中药炮制、复方制剂研究和中药质量保证体系三方面评述近几年中药制剂的研究进展。     

紫草对心房颤动模型大鼠的影响

目的:探讨紫草对房颤模型大鼠的心房颤动的发生及发展的作用及相关机制。方法:大鼠通过尾静脉连续给乙酰胆碱-氯化钙(Ach-CaCl_2)造模。第6天开始,紫草组予紫草汤药灌胃,胺碘酮组予胺碘酮溶液灌胃,空白组和模型组予生理盐水灌胃。于第14天进行心电图检查并记录房颤的诱发时间及持续时间,之后,超声心电图检查以记录左房面积(LA area)、射血分数(EF%)、左室舒张末径(LVDD)、左室收缩末径(LVDS),以评估紫草对模型大鼠的心脏重构和功能的影响。结果:1.紫草降低心房颤动大鼠的心房颤动诱发率并缩短了心房颤动的持续时间;2.紫草使心房颤动大鼠的心房重构改善,表现为左房面积和左室内径的减小,但对EF值无明显影响。     

野生扬子鳄栖息地水环境重金属元素含量及pH值的初步研究

为了研究野生扬子鳄种群数量急剧下降的原因,于2002～2003年在安徽省南部对野生扬子鳄栖息地现状进行了调查,采集了21个样地的水样,测定了重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb)含量及pH值.结果表明,野生扬子鳄栖息地水环境中的pH值为7.84±0.62,2组样地(有鳄分布、无鳄分布)pH值差异不显著(F=3.26,P＞0.05),而3种类型栖息地的pH值差异显著(F=7.32,P＜0.01).2组样地水环境中Cu、Zn、Cd元素差异不显著,野生扬子鳄栖息地重金属Pb含量为0.0233±0.016 mg·L^-1,Pb元素差异显著(F=5.77,P＜0.05).最后分析了野生扬子鳄栖息地内重金属Pb的污染源.     

微生物发酵中草药的研究现状

中草药作为天然传统药物,具有纯天然、无药残、无抗药性和毒副作用小等特点,在临床医疗和日常保健中被广泛使用。微生物发酵中草药过程中,中草药经微生物产生的酶作用后,细胞壁中的纤维素、木质素等物质被降解,其活性成分得以释放;中草药活性成分酶解为小分子物质,增强药效以利于机体消化吸收。部分中草药经发酵可以降低其毒性,减少毒副作用,甚至产生新活性物质。同时中草药中的某些成分可促进微生物的生长繁殖,由此可见中草药与微生物协同作用、相辅相成。本文从发酵中草药的优势、常用微生物、应用现状、存在的问题和关键因素等方面进行综述,并对中草药发酵的应用前景进行展望。相信随着发酵技术的成熟和中草药的现代化发展,微生物发酵中草药将具有更广阔的发展潜力和应用价值。     

中国地方黄牛的遗传多样性*

中国黄牛起源复杂,我国地方黄牛群体不同品种在毛色、形态外貌、细胞遗传学、血液蛋白座位分析均表现出多样性。计算我国黄牛群体6个毛色座位平均杂合度和6个血液蛋白座位平均杂合度分别为0.3144和0.4873,表明我国地方黄牛群体的遗传多样性非常丰富。计算我国黄牛群体的6个毛色座位和6个血液蛋白座位的基因分化系数分别为0.3404和0.095,表明我国黄牛群体毛色差异中有34.04％是由品种间的差异造成的。血液蛋白的多态性有9.5％是由品种间的差异造成的。我国黄牛群体的遗传多样性主要来自品种内的遗传多样性。保存我国黄牛品种资源多样性不仅要从整个中国黄牛群体上考虑,而且要针对每个品种（或类群）进行保种。     

现代生物医学科技前沿与中西医结合交叉

本文讨论了中医现代化和中西医结合的有关问题,指出中医现代化工作可分为三个方面：第一方面,应当培养大批临床上过硬的中医人才,在临床上有所突破,以此为基础进行理论研究;第二方面,将中医理论转换成现代语言;第三方面,中医与包括现代生物医学在内的多学科结合。阐述了现代生物医学科技前沿与中西医结合交叉而产生的新学科一光子中医学。指出光子中医学将为中西医结合提供理论和技术平台,成为多学科研究中医的代表性学科,并将成为中医现代化的一个重要方向,为人类卫生事业作出重大贡献。