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1.
Leaf, stem, hypocotyl, cotyledon, root, shoot tip and embryo explants of Capsicum annuum L. cv. mathania were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (Kin) alone or in
combination with 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D). BAP (5.0 mgl−1) in the medium was found to be the best growth regulator for shoot bud differentiation. Shoot buds cultured on 5.0 mgl−1 BAP increased in number but did not elongate. For obtaining complete plantlets, shoot buds were placed on a medium with IBA
or NAA (0.1 mgl−1). Histological evidence revealed direct differentiation of buds from cotyledons. Regenerated plants were normal diploids.
Unorganized callus could not be induced to differentiate shoot buds. 相似文献
2.
Callus was initiated from petiole explants of Heracleum candicans on MS medium fortified with BAP and 2,4-D ( 0.5 mg I-1 each). Maximum shoot differentiation from callus occurred on MS medium containing 1 mg I-1 BAP and 0.2 mg I-1 NAA. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg I-1 IBA. The rooted plants were transferred to the field after successful hardening in pots containing vermiculite. All regenerated plants were diploid with 2n=22 chromosomes in their root tip cells. 相似文献
3.
Flaveria trinervia (Compositae) leaves are used for the treatment of jaundice and fever. From the leaf callus cultures regeneration of plantlets has been achieved. The results showed that BAP greatly stimulated the bud formation in concentrations ranging from 2–5 mg l–1 than at very low concentrations (0.2–1.0 mg l–1). Roots developed on the regenerated shoots, over a range of treatments, but were most prolific in the medium containing 1 mg l–1 IAA. Histological observations revealed that cultured spongy cells of the mesophyll were greatly enlarged and underwent repeated cell divisions leading to the formation of hard nodular callus from which shoot buds differentiated. The shoots obtained were readily rooted and transplanted into glass houses. Cytological studies of the callus showed abnormalities such as bridges, endomitosis and multinucleolate conditions. Root tip squashes of the regenerated plants showed no variations and were diploid in chromosome number.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
- NAA
napthalene acetic acid
- IAA
indole acetic acid
- BAP
6-benzyl aminopurine
- Kn
kinetin 相似文献
4.
A rapid propagation method comprising initiation of in vitro shoot tip culture from field-grown flowering plants and reculture of the nodal segments of regenerated shoots in Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) medium was developed for Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz., a rare medicinal shrub. A medium supplement of 6-benzylaminopurine (0.2 mg.l–1) induced high frequency (88%) development of axillary shoot buds (3.2) in 4–5 weeks. Subculture of the explants with multiple new shoots in fresh medium for 30 days yielded an even larger number (9.7) of shoots. Highest multiplication (26–35 shoots) was recorded when using culture initiation media with 0.5 mg.l–1 each of BAP and NAA followed by subculture in 0.2 mg.l–1 BAP. The shoot multiplication rate was further accelerated by reculturing 0.4–0.6 cm nodal segments of regenerated shoots in media with 1.0 mg.l–1 BAP. Shoot cuttings (3.5–7.0 cm) were rooted in 0.2 mg.l–1 IAA. Regenerated plants displayed uniform morphological, growth and flowering characteristics.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- SH
Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) medium 相似文献
5.
Callus cultures of Prosopis tamarugo Phil (Leguminosae, Sub family-Mimosoideae) were established from hypocotyls and cotyledons on MS medium supplemented with NAA (2.0 mg l-1) and BAP (0.2 mg l-1). Regeneration through various juvenile explants was obtained on hormone-free and high cytokinin containing Murashige and Skoog's medium. Multiple shoot buds formation was observed from the embryonic axis on MS medium incorporated with BAP (5.0 mg l-1)). Elongation of shoot buds was observed on subsequent transfer to MS medium with BAP (1.0–2.5 mg l-1) or without BAP. Explants containing apical meristem showed higher number of shoot formation at an early period. De novo shoot buds formation through callus morphogenesis was observed at the base of differentiated shoots on high cytokinin containing medium. All the manipulations of salt strength of MS, nitrogen, carbon, ascorbic acid and polyamines failed to induce organogenesis in isolated callus. In vitro produced shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA or NAA singly or in combination.Abbreviations HC
high cytokinin (BAP 5.0 mg l-1)
- BAP
6-benzyl amino purine
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- HF
hormone free
- NAA
I-naphthalene acetic acid
- MS
Murashige & Skoog 相似文献
6.
R. K. Sinha K. Majumdar S. Sinha 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):370-373
Summary Petiolar and distal cotyledonary segments (PCS and DCS) of Albizia chinensis were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS; 1962) medium and induced to form adventitious shoot buds in the presence of either
cytokinins 6-benzylamino purine (BAP), kinetin (KN) or thidiazuron (TDZ). Superiority of BAP in inducing shoot bud and differentiation
was observed. PCS was more morphogenic to shoot bud differentiation than DCS. TDZ was highly effective in inducing shoot buds,
but arrested shoot growth, while KN produced more callus during differentiation of shoots. Rapid and high rate of shoot multiplication
per explant was achieved through subculture in MS medium containing BAP (1.0 mg l−1) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5 mg l−1). BAP at low concentration was required to enhance shoot multiplication and elongation. Successful rooting of regenerated
shoots was carried out in a two-step culture procedure in MS media with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (2.0 mg l−1) and subsequent subculture in IBA-free medium. 相似文献
7.
S. J. Ochatt 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1991,25(2):161-167
Leaf protoplasts of axenic shoot cultures of Lonicera nitida cv Maigrun underwent sustained division to give multicellular colonies (microcalli) on a modified, ammonium-free MS (Murashige & Skoog) medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid), 1.0 mg l-1 BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 150 mg l-1 casein enzymatic hydrolysate. Callus was produced upon transfer of cell colonies to MS medium with 2.0 mg l-1 NAA and 0.2 mg l-1 BAP. About 110 days from isolation protoplast-derived shoots were regenerated on a half-strength MS medium with 0.01 mg l-1 NAA, 5.0 mg l-1 BAP, 0.5 mg l-1 zeatin and a complex mixture of group B vitamins. The replacement of such mixture by 250 mg l-1 casein enzymatic hydrolysate promoted rhizogenesis in calli, with shoot buds being subsequently regenerated from the protoplast-derived roots. Micropropagation of protoplast-derived shoots (of either origin) was difficult, due to a strong apical dominance, but could be accomplished by transferring single-node explants to half-strength MS medium with 1.5 mg l-1 BAP. Such shoots were, in turn, successfully rooted and transferred to the glasshouse where they completed acclimatization.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- CPW
Power et al. (1989) medium
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- F.P.E.
final plating efficiency
- f.wt.
fresh weight
- IAA
4-indole-3yl-acetic acid
- IBA
4-indole-3yl-butyric acid
- I.P.E.
initial plating efficiency
- MES
2-N-morpholinoethane sulfonic acid
- M.P.E.
intermediate plating efficiency
- MS
Murashige & Skoog (1962) medium
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- PVP-10
polyvinylpirrolidone
- Av MW 10,000, TIBA
2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid
- Z
zeatin 相似文献
8.
W. Handro 《Plant cell reports》1983,2(3):133-136
Leaf discs from vegetative Streptocarpus nobilis plants were cultured in vitro in media with cytokinin (BAP or K at 0.35 mg.1?1) and auxin (IAA, NAA or 2,4-D at 0.1 mg.1?1). Under short days (8-h photoperiod) in medium with IAA and BAP, floral buds developed in 100% of the cultures; under long days (16-h photoperiod) only shoots were formed. In medium with IAA and K, flowering was reduced. Flowers rarely formed in medium containing NAA and K, but roots developed profusely. NAA + BAP promoted leafy shoots which rarely flowered later. The effect of 2,4-D was to inhibit flowering completely and to induce callusing and formation of teratomous structures. 相似文献
9.
Petiole expiants of Valeriana wallichii. DC., a threatened medicinal plant, were used for inducing callus. Optimum callus formation was observed on Murashige and Skoogs' (1962) medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l NAA and 0.25 mg/l Kn. Shoot regeneration was achieved upon transferring the callus to medium containing 1.0 mg/l Kn and 0.25 mg/l NAA. Complete plantlets were obtained on the same medium or upon transfer of the regenerated shoot buds to medium containing 5.0 mg/l Kn and 1.0 mg/l IAA. Nearly a thousand callus regenerated plants were successfully transferred to the field following previously standardized hardening procedures.Abbreviations BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichloro phenoxyaceticacid
- 2iP
2-isopentenyladenine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- Kn
Kinetin
- MS
Murashige and Skoog's medium (1962)
- NAA
-napthalene aceticacid
- Z
Zeatin 相似文献
10.
In vitro morphogenesis that includes enlargement of apical meristems and differentiation of shoot buds on the surface of enlarged meristemoids, have been observed in Sorghum bicolor. The enlargement of apical meristems occurred on the MS medium containing different auxins [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and parachlorophenoxyacetic acid (pCPA)] with or without 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)]. Large number of shoot buds arose over the entire surface of enlarged, green, compact, nodular, hard and shiny meristemoids on transfer to medium containing BAP (2.0 mg l?1) + (IAA) indole 3-acetic acid (0.5 mg l-1). Histological observations revealed the origin of shoot apices from the surface of enlarged meristemoids. Efficient rooting was achieved onto half-strength MS medium supplemented with α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 2.0 mg l?1) and sucrose 2% (w/v). Plantlets were transferred to earthen pots under field conditions for the evalution of several agronomically important characters. 相似文献
11.
In vitro regeneration of plantlets and multiplication of Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.F. Wight plants from cultured callus tissue were demonstrated. Callus was established from both cotyledons and mature leaflets on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/l) and 2,4-D (2 mg/l). Callus mediated shoot bud differentiation was studied under defined nutritional, hormonal and cultural conditions. Various concentrations of BAP or kinetin (Kn) with coconut milk (CM) in MS media induced different levels of shoot bud differentiation as well as multiplication. Multiple shoot bud differentiation occurred in most of the primary calli. The best medium for shoot bud differentiation from cotyledon derived callus, contained BAP (2 mg/l) and 15% CM (V/V). More efficient shoot bud organogenesis was recorded with BAP than Kn. Supplementation with CM in MS media accelerated shoot bud organogenesis in differentiating callus tissue. Rooting of differentiated shoots was achieved by a three step culture procedure involving (a) MS solid medium containing IBA (2 mg/l), (b) growth regulator free half strength MS medium with 1% charcoal, and (c) half strength MS liquid medium free of vitamins, growth regulators and charcoal.Abbreviations IAA
indoleacetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- Kn
kinetin
- CM
coconut milk
- MS
Murashige and Skoog's medium
- SBI
shoot bud inducing medium 相似文献
12.
K. C. ENGVILD 《Physiologia plantarum》1973,28(1):155-159
Datura innoxia Mill. callus cultures formed shoots in 2–4 weeks on media containing; a) gibberellic acid, b) indoleacetic acid, c) low concentrations of naphthylacetic acid, d) low concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, e) benzylaminopurine, f) no growth substance. Benzylaminopurine promoted shoot differentiation. Gibberellic acid inhibited shoot formation weakly, but inhibited proper leaf blade formation. Root differentiation was rare. The callus cultures of Datura innoxia grew rapidly (100-fold in 4 weeks) on a slightly modified Murashige and Skoog medium (0.5 mg/l thiamin · HCl, pH 5.5, no glycine) in light at 30°C. Callus grew well on any single one of the growth substances NAA (10?5M), 2,4-D (10?6M) or BAP (3 × 10?6M). Growth was less and more erratic on GA or IAA. The callus cultures did not grow significantly better when BAP was combined with one of the auxins or with GA. 相似文献
13.
Stem internodes with axillary buds were excised from 5-year old trees ofFicus benjamina cv. Exotica. The effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on shoot growth and
proliferationin vitro was investigated. Multiple shoots were developed after 3–4 weeks from stem internodes with axillary buds incubated in Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with phloroglucinol (PG) and BAP. Optimum shoot proliferation took place in the presence
of 1.0 mg l−1 BAP. Shoots obtained could be elongated in a medium with 0.5 mg l−1 GA3 prior to their rooting. The root initiation was successfully induced on MS medium either with IAA at 0.5–0.1 mg l−1 or in plant growth regulator-free medium. All rooted plantlets were subsequently transferred to a peat, humus and perlite
mixture in a culture room with high humidity and covered with plastic bags. After one month the plantlets were established
for growing in a greenhouse.
Communicated by J. TUPY 相似文献
14.
Ashok Ahuja Manju Sambyal Sushma Koul 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2002,11(2):121-124
A micropropagation method has been developed for multiplication and conservation of Atropa acominata by induction of axillary shoot proliferation from shoot tips and nodal explants using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP ( 1 mg I-1) and IBA (1 mg I-1). Revised tobacco (RT) medium with IAA (1 mg I-1) was found most suitable for shoot elongation. Rooting was highest on full strength RT medium containing IBA (1 mg I-1). In vitro raised plantlets were hardened and transferred to soil. 相似文献
15.
An efficient and reproducible method for the regeneration of Jatropha curcas plants has been developed. The method employed direct induction of shoot buds from petiole explants, without the formation of an intervening callus using a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ). The best induction of shoot buds (58.35%) and the number of shoot buds per explant (10.10) were observed when in vitro petiole explants were placed horizontally on MS medium supplemented with 2.27 µM TDZ after 6 weeks. The induced shoot buds were transferred to MS medium containing 10 µM kinetin (Kn), 4.5 µM 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 5.5 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for shoot proliferation. The proliferated shoots could be elongated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BAP, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), NAA and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). MS medium supplemented with 2.25 µM BAP and 8.5 µM IAA was found to be the best combination for shoot elongation and 3.01–3.91 cm elongation was achieved after 6 weeks. However, significant differences in plant regeneration and shoot elongation were observed among the genotypes studied. The orientation (horizontal or vertical) and source (in vitro or in vivo) of explants also significantly influenced plant regeneration. The elongated shoots could be rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, different concentrations and combinations of IBA, IAA and NAA, and 0.25 mg L−1 activated charcoal. Half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 15 µM IBA, 5.7 µM IAA, 5.5 µM NAA and 0.25 mg L−1 activated charcoal was found to be the best for promoting rooting. The rooted plants could be established in soil with more than 90% survival. 相似文献
16.
Nodal explants (0.5 to 0.8 cm long) isolated from 2-year old shrubs of guayule, Parthenium argentatum Gray, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of KN, BAP, 2,4-D, 2,4-D + BAP, NAA and NAA + BAP produced callus tissues and shoots simultaneously with varying frequencies. Shoots were regenerated with a high frequency (80–88%) from callus on MS medium containing NAA + BAP with or without glutamine. Addition of glutamine to these media improved considerably the number of shoots formed from a known amount of callus. Shoots could be regenerated from 200 day old callus cultures with a very high frequency but the organogenetic capacity declined thereafter. Increase in the concentration of sucrose (upto 4%) significantly enhanced the shoot forming ability of callus, but higher concentrations (6%) suppressed it. Rooting was induced only in dark when IAA, IBA and NAA were used, but 2,4-D could induce them both in light and dark. The system is suitable for the mass propagation of this important rubber yielding plant.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
Indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA
-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- KN
Kinetin
- BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine 相似文献
17.
Gnanesh AU Krishna V Kumar RS Venkatesh Kumar SR Shashidhar HE 《Indian journal of experimental biology》2012,50(2):164-170
The Malnad region located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka is known for the cultivation of indigenous rain fed land race cultivar of rice. The present study was to investigate the callogenic and caulogenic potentialities of the two indigenous rice cultivar namely Karimundaga and Kanadatumba using dehusked mature embryo explants. For callus and shoot bud differentiation, the explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1-3 mg/L), IAA (1-2 mg/L), Kn (1-4 mg/L) and BAP (1-4 mg/L). The morphogenic potentialities of the two rice cultivar differed in texture of callus. In both the cultivar callogenic frequency was optimized at 1 mg/L 2,4-D concentration, it was 94% in Karimundaga and 58% in Kanadatumba. Supplementation of IAA either alone (1-2 mg/L) or in combination with Kn or BAP at 1 to 4 mg/L concentration of each induces shoot bud differentiation from the calli. In the cultivar Karimundaga caulogenic frequency was highest (10.60 +/- 2.55) at 1.0 mg/L IAA and 4.0 mg/L BAP concentration. While in the cultivar Kanadatumba highest number of shoot buds (7.90 +/- 2.69) was differentiated at 1.0 mg/L IAA and 4.0 mg/L Kn concentration. The calli derived regenerants were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse and agro-morphological variations were evaluated. The growth characteristics and yield related parameters exhibited by in vitro plants were lower than the in vivo plants. 相似文献
18.
Parthasarathi Bhattacharya Satyahari Dey Nilanjana Das Bimal Chandra Bhattacharyya 《Plant cell reports》1990,9(8):439-442
A procedure for rapid multiplication of Chrysanthemum morifolium RAMAT cv. Birbal Sahni using leaf callus and stem (nodal/internodal) callus as well as node and apical shoots has been developed. Murashige and Skoog's medium (1962) supplemented with 2mg/1 2,4-D yielded good green calli from both leaf and stem segments within 2 weeks. About 1 cm × 1 cm callus regenerated 2–3 shoots after 3 weeks on MS solid medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IAA and 0.2 mg/l BAP. Each of the regenerated shoots when transferred to the same shooting medium without agar yielded about 150 new shoots, which in turn regenerated roots after another week in MS half strength or modified White's media (Rangaswamy, 1961). It has been estimated that about 1014 plantlets could be produced in a year from one expiant following the proposed protocol.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium 相似文献
19.
Morphogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured endosperm of Emblica officinalis Gaertn 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mature endosperm of Emblica Officinalis (Euphorbiaceae) formed a continously growing callus on MS medium supplemented with an auxin (2,4-D or IAA) and a cytokinin (K or BAP). Subculture of callus on MS with BAP (0.2 mg/l) and IAA (0.1 mg/l) resulted in formation of shoots and embryo-like structures in 50 and 8 per cent cultures, respectively. Regeneration of shoots was more frequent when both BAP (0.2 mg/l) and IAA (0.1 mg/l) were present than on BAP (0.2 mg/l) alone. The embryo-like structures produced plantlets.Abbreviations BAP
benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- K
kinetin
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- PDB
para-dichlorobenzene
(née Arora) 相似文献
20.
Anita R. Sehrawat Sanjogta Uppal J. B. Chowdhury 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2002,11(2):105-108
Different explants of Rauwolfia serpentina were tested for their capacity and root differentiation. MS sedium containing 2.0 mg I-1 BAP or 1.5 mg I-1 BAP with 0.5 mg I-* NAA gave the best shoot proliferation from shoot apices (84.12%). Multiple shoots subcultured on the same media gave higher number of shoots (6–9). Callus formed at the cut ends of explants produced shoots when subcultured on the above media. Rooting was achieved after transfer of shoots either to hormone free or half strength or full strength MS medium with different concentrations of IAA (0.5,1.0 mg I-1 and IBA (0.5,1.0 mg I-1).The complete regenerated plantlets have been successfully transferred to earthen pots in green house. Maximum root differentiation from leaves, stem and nodal cuttings derived calli was obtained on MS medium supplemented with NAA (2.0 mg I-1) and BAP (1.5 mg I-1). Identification of reserpine and other alkaloids from differentiated roots holds an interesting alternative for controlled production of alkaloids from this endangered, overexploited medicinal plant species. 相似文献