莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】为揭示昆虫病原真菌分泌的几丁质酶对宿主感染致病时的作用,对莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因进行了克隆与表达,并检测了表达产物的活性。【方法】采用CTAB法提取菌体DNA,设计特异性引物,多次PCR扩增克隆莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因全序列,并克隆基因的ORF片段chit1,与载体pPIC9K相连接,构建表达载体pPIC9K-Chit1,转入毕赤酵母感受态细胞中,然后通过1.5mg/L浓度的G418筛选及PCR验证,将阳性转化子进行诱导培养,对发酵液分别进行酶活性测定试验、几丁质酶透明圈验证试验和SDS-PAGE电泳检测。【结果】莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因全长序列为2756bp(NCBI登录号:EU795711),PCR扩增得到开放阅读框ORF片段chit1为1827bp,其中包含3个内含子,5′端非编码区长76bp,3′端非编码区240bp,编码424个氨基酸的几丁质酶前体,理论信号肽剪切位点在Gly(20)与Leu(21)之间;毕赤酵母重组细胞发酵液中几丁质酶活性随着发酵时间的延长而增加,72h达到最大值482.5U/100μL,透明圈活性验证试验显示,在含1%的几丁质平板上可出现明显的透明圈,表达产物SDS-PAGE电泳检测其分子量为41.0kDa。【结论】本研究克隆到莱氏野村菌Cq菌株几丁质酶基因,其ORF成功重组到毕赤酵母中并表达出有活性的几丁质酶。基因表达产物的利用对进一步研究病原真菌染病昆虫的机制等具有重要意义。     

裂褶菌产纤维二糖脱氢酶条件优化及部分酶学性质研究

研究了裂褶菌Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｅＡＳ ５．３９１产纤维二糖胶氢酶的条件。该酶是诱导酶棉花是最好的诱导底物。培养基中加入琥珀酸纳缓冲液和土温８０利于酶的合成。而木素相关物质藜芦醇或愈创木酚对酶的生成没有影响。该酶在ｐＨ３．５～１０．５和４５℃以下保持稳定,其最适作用温度为３０℃,最适ｐＨ为４．５。Ｚｎ＾２＋和Ａｇ＾＋对该酶活性有很大的抑制作用,而叠氮化钠和氰化钾对酶活力没有影响     

一株耐热脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及酶学性质研究

从云南省富油地采取了60份土样中,利用透明圈法筛选出一株耐热脂肪酶产生菌。对其酶学性质和发酵条件进行了研究,酶学性质表明,该酶最适作用温度为50℃,最适pH6.0,在pH3.0-8.0范围内稳定,在60℃保温60 min酶活还保留70%;70℃保温60 min残余50%;具有良好的热稳定性;不同金属离子有不同的作用,Ca+,K+对酶有激活作用,Fe3+、Pb2+、Mn2、Cu2+、Al3+、Zn2+对酶活有抑制作用。EDTA对酶影响不大。产酶最佳条件为:MgSO4.7H2O 0.05 g,K2HPO40.1 g,CaCO30.25 g,可溶性淀粉2.5 g,大豆粉2.5 g,装液量50 mL。这株细菌通过培养基优化酶活达到20.3 U/mL。     

莱氏野村菌疏水蛋白基因Nrhyd的克隆及其表达特征分析

运用SMART RACE RT-PCR技术,从虫生真菌莱氏野村菌中克隆出完整的疏水蛋白基因Nrhyd编码区序列,以RT-qPCR技术,对莱氏野村菌Nrhyd基因在不同生长条件下的表达特征进行分析,从mRNA转录水平上探讨了不同培养条件对Nrhyd基因表达的影响。结果表明：Nrhyd基因全长733bp,5′非翻译区132bp,3′非翻译区262bp,开放阅读框（ORF）339bp,编码111个氨基酸,前体蛋白理论分子量10.6kDa,理论等电点为6.19。液体摇瓶培养条件下,Nrhyd基因的表达受抑制呈逐渐降低的趋势。固体培养条件下,Nrhyd基因表达量随着分生孢子的产生而升高,到产孢量达到最大的第8天时,表达量最高,以后随着产孢量的下降,基因的表达量降低。因此推测,Nrhyd基因在莱氏野村菌分生孢子形成过程中起重要作用。与不同真菌疏水蛋白基因的系统进化分析表明,Nrhyd基因与绿僵菌来源的同源基因关系最近。     

几丁质酶基因的克隆表达及酶学性质

【背景】几丁质是自然界中储藏量仅次于纤维素的有机物,几丁质酶能降解几丁质生成几丁寡糖,实现废弃物的高值化利用,目前菌株产几丁质酶能力低限制了它的生产应用。【目的】克隆弧菌(Vibrio sp.)GR52的几丁质酶基因,实现其在大肠杆菌中的异源表达,对分离纯化的重组几丁质酶进行酶学性质研究。【方法】以弧菌GR52菌株基因组DNA为模板,克隆得到几丁质酶基因GR52-1,构建重组基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/p ET22b-chi GR52-1,诱导表达的产物通过Ni-NTA树脂纯化后进行酶学性质研究。【结果】重组酶的最适反应pH为6.0,在pH5.0-10.0范围内37°C保温1 h仍能保持85%以上的相对酶活力,具有较好的pH稳定性;最适反应温度为50°C,在45°C保温1 h其酶活力基本没有损失,在50°C保温1 h其残余酶活力仍达60%;在1 mmol/L浓度下,Cu~(2+)、Ca2+对该酶具有促进作用,Hg+对该酶具有明显的抑制作用;在5 mmol/L浓度下,Ni+对该酶具有一定的促进作用,Mn~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Li~+、Fe~(2+)、Hg~+、SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)对该酶具有明显的抑制作用。以胶体几丁质为底物时,动力学参数Km、Vmax、kcat分别为0.85 mg/m L、0.19μmol/(m L·min)和7.02 s-1。底物特异性分析表明该重组酶能特异性降解几丁质。【结论】重组几丁质酶具有良好的酶学性质,为几丁质酶的开发应用奠定基础。     

甘油氧化酶发酵条件及酶学性质的研究

日本曲霉 (AspergillusjaponicusAj113)发酵生产甘油氧化酶 (GlycerolOxidaseEC 1 1 3 - )的最适产酶条件 :初始pH 6 0- 6 5 ,温度 2 9± 1℃ ,培养时间 36h ,5 0 0ml三角瓶发酵液的装量为 10 0ml;酶的最适作用pH为 5 0 ,该酶在pH9 5 ,温度 30℃以下时稳定性较好 ;0 0 5mol L的硼砂 -碳酸钠缓冲液 (pH9 5 )对酶有较好的保存效果 ,Zn2 + 、Cu2 + 、Fe3+ 、Ca2 + 离子对酶有激活作用 ,Hg2 +离子对酶有强烈的抑制作用     

产几丁质酶的无色杆菌ZWW8的发酵产酶及酶学性质研究

从湖北武汉地区虾壳堆积土壤中筛选得到一株分泌胞外几丁质酶菌株ZWW8,通过16S rDNA序列比对发现其属于无色杆菌属;通过碳源、氮源、温度、培养基pH、培养时间的单因素优化实验获得ZWW8菌株的最优发酵条件,该菌株在添加0.5％几丁质胶体,0.5％NH4Cl,初始pH 7.0的培养基中,于37℃培养2 d后胞外上清酶...     

几丁质酶产生菌筛选鉴定及产酶性能研究

从土壤样品中筛选得到一株高产几丁质酶菌株C65-2,经形态学观察和18S rDNA序列测定,鉴定为Aspergillus fumigatus,对产酶培养基进行初步优化,测得最高酶活可达6.9U/ml,酶活力较优化之前提高了210%。酶学性质研究表明该几丁质酶分子量约为20kDa,酶在60℃下保温50min酶活降为0,最适酶反应温度是55℃,酶反应最适pH为7.0,Mg2+,Cu2+对酶反应有促进作用,Fe3+对酶反应有抑制作用。     

昆虫来源的几丁质酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

几丁质酶在真菌和昆虫的生理和发育过程中起着关键作用,该酶本身及其酶抑制剂是获取生物农药的重要途径。本研究从蚕蛹体内提取几丁质粗酶,经硫酸铵分级沉淀和Sephadex G-150分离得到几丁质酶。用SDS-PAGE测得该酶的分子量为88kDa。水解胶体几丁质的Km值为22.3μmol/L。酶反应的最适温度为45℃,最适pH值为6.0,金属离子和有机试剂对几丁质酶活性都有影响,其中高浓度的Mn2+对酶有较强的激活作用,而Cu2+、SDS则有较强的抑制作用。研究结果为基于几丁质酶的生物农药筛选研究奠定了基础。     

莱氏野村菌紫外线诱变抗敌敌畏菌株的生理特性

[背景]夜蛾科害虫易对化学杀虫剂产生高抗性,但一些化学农药可以对部分虫生真菌的毒力作用效果起增幅作用,目前缺乏对莱氏野村菌(Nomuraea rileyi)的该方面研究.[目的]探究对常用有机磷杀虫剂敌敌畏具有较强耐药性的紫外线诱变莱氏野村菌突变菌株的生理特性,包括菌丝生长、产孢情况和产几丁质酶活性.[方法]在紫外线诱...     

Potential application of the entomopathogenic fungus, shape Nomuraea rileyi, for control of the corn earworm, shape Helicoverpa armigera

The entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi, caused 90.5–100% mortality in fourth-instar larvae of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa armigera, when applied at 10⁷ conidia/ml to corn silks, and leaves of soybean, tomato and chrysanthemum. The LT₅₀ was 5.9–6.7 days. The fifth-instar larvae showed a mortality of 94.6% on soil with 20% water content, and 41.7% on 10% water content when the soil surface was sprayed with 10⁸ conidia/ml suspension. Five fungicides, eight insecticides and nine herbicides, which are commonly used in corn fields, were evaluated for inhibition to conidial germination by a paper disk test. Among them, only two fungicides, viz., maneb and propineb, were highly inhibitory, while insecticides and herbicides examined were not inhibitory to the fungus. Field applications of N. rileyi conidial suspension to neonate larvae were found to be as effective as 40.46% carbofuran (EC) at 800-fold dilution in controlling corn earworm based on marketable ears. It is thus suggested that N. rileyi has potential to be a microbial control agent for this insect.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌几丁质酶的研究进展

苏云金芽孢杆菌制剂作为无公害农药已经得到社会的认可,如果再开发其几丁质酶抑制真菌和杀虫增效功能,不仅可充分利用这一农业微生物菌种资源,也将给予传统生物农药以新的生命力。综述了苏云金芽孢杆菌几丁质酶方面研究的国内外最新进展。     

海底沉积物中几丁质酶的筛选、分离及活性分析

目的:从海底沉积物中筛选得到一株几丁质酶活性较高的菌株,分离纯化菌株分泌的几丁质酶,并对其活性进行酶学分析。方法:以中国南海北部湾的沉积物为样本,结合透明圈法及DNS法筛选菌株。采用几丁质结合能力分析及多种层析方法分离纯化菌株分泌的几丁质酶,对其中一种几丁质酶进行酶学性质分析。结果:共筛选获得21株几丁质酶产生菌,其中分泌的几丁质酶活性最高的为蜡样芽孢杆菌B04(Bacillus cereus strain B04)。发现该菌共分泌6种含有几丁质结合域的蛋白。从蜡样芽孢杆菌B04发酵液中,分离纯化得到分子量为36 k Da的几丁质酶。研究发现,该酶是蜡样芽孢杆菌B04的一种主要的几丁质酶,其最适p H为4.0,最适反应温度为60℃,在p H 3.0~10.0范围内活性稳定,Co2+对其活力有明显促进作用,Ag+有显著的抑制作用。结论:为几丁质酶的工业化应用提供了基础。     

南美白对虾体壁几丁质酶的理化特性研究

报道南美白对虾体壁几丁质酶(EC3.2.1.14)的理化性质。结果表明,酶的最适pH值为5.6,最适温度为55℃。该酶在pH5.0～6.2区域较稳定,而在pH>7和pH<4.6下失活加快;在50℃以下处理1h,酶活力保持稳定,高于55℃,酶稳定性较差,很快失活。研究金属离子对酶活力影响,结果表明:Li 、Na 、K 、Mg2 和Fe2 等对该酶活力没有任何效应;Ca2 、Ba2 对酶有激活作用,Cu2 、Co2 对酶的效应先表现为激活后转为抑制作用;Ni2 、Zn2 、Mn2 、Al3 、Fe3 、Hg2 、Pb2 和Cd2 对该酶活力均具有不同程度的抑制作用,以Hg2 的抑制作用最显著,10mmol/L的Hg2 可抑制酶活力95.6%。     

AFLP and single-strand conformation polymorphism studies of recombination in the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi

In most putative asexual fungi analysed through population genetic studies, recombination has been detected. However, the mechanism by which it is achieved is still not known. A parasexual cycle is known to occur in asexual fungi but there is no evidence, as yet, of its prevalence in natural populations. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of a parasexual cycle mediating recombination in the mitosporic fungus Nomuraea rileyi. The genotypic diversity in isolates sampled from an epizootic population from South India was studied through AFLP. The AFLP data were subjected to analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and cluster analysis. Great genetic variation was observed in the population including the isolates from a single insect. To assess the occurrence of recombination in the population, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) of partial regions of two mitochondrial (mt) genes (rRNA genes of LSU and SSU) and a nuclear gene (β tubulin) was performed. The SSCP data were analysed using MP, the tree length permutation test, and multilocus analysis. Recombination was inferred from the SSCP analysis. The occurrence of isolates with diverse genotypes in a single insect; the fact that fungi multiply as hyphal bodies (cell wall-less) in the insect haemolymph; and the inference of recombination in mitochondrial genes (suggesting cytomixis), all indicate that recombination is accomplished by fusion of hyphal bodies of different isolates infecting the insect.     

Purification and Some Properties of Chitinase from Momordica charantia

Chitinase was purified from Momordica charantia L. by affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme showed single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamicle gel electrophoresis and the molecular weight was estimated as 35 kD. The enzyme was stable at temperatures up to 50℃ or less than 10 % loss of activity in 1 h. Its optimum temperature was about 45 ℃. Its suitable pH had a rather wide range from pH 4.4 to pH 6.8 and the optimum pH was about 6.2. The activity of the enzyme was similar in root and stem. In the lower leaves,the activity was higher than that of the upper.     

HaSNPV几丁质酶的分离纯化与毒理学研究

利用重组工程菌GS115-pPIC 9k-ChiA 4.0发酵几丁质酶粗液,经(NH₄)₂SO₄盐析、透析、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析以及Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析分离纯化,获得电泳纯的棉铃虫单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(HaSNPV)几丁质酶,回收率为19.64%,纯化17.74倍;经HaSNPV几丁质酶毒理学研究,通过触杀作用和胃毒作用,几丁质酶使小菜蛾幼虫细胞液化,导致死亡,其作用效果与几丁质酶浓度和作用时间成正比,且胃毒作用大于触杀作用;经小麦根腐、烟草赤星、番茄灰霉和苹果炭疽等植物病原真菌的抑菌实验,表明几丁质酶可以通过酶解真菌细胞壁中的几丁质达到抑菌作用。     

美洲大蠊内生菌几丁质酶基因的克隆、表达及其活性研究 *

Objective: To clone the chitinase gene ChiA from the endophytes of Periplaneta americana soluble expression of the protein and to identify its function.Methods:The chitinase gene ChiA was amplified by PCR from the DNA of Serratia marcescens,which was separated from the gut of Periplaneta americana and obtained by subcloning. The expression plasmid ChiA/pET21b was constructed and analyzed by bioinformatics. The plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) and the postive strains were induced by IPTG at 20℃ for 20h. The bioactivity of the protein was determined by small punch test.Results:The cloned sequence was associated with Serratia marcescens ChiA gene of GenBank and their homology was 99%. The sequence encoded a protein containing of 571 amino acids and expressed stably in prokaryotic system.SDS-PAGE/Western blot show that the soluble target protein was obtained. The small punch test suggested that the target protein had the activity of decomposing chitin and was stronger than that of the Serratia marcescens.Conclusion:The chitinase gene ChiA of the Serratia marcescens from the gut of Periplaneta americana was cloned successfully. The soluble chitinase that shows marked bioactivity was attained by prokaryotic expression system, which has provided theoretical basis for its further application.