活性氧与蛋白多糖的作用及损伤的蛋白多糖对矿化过…

本文用凝胶色谱和琼脂糖－聚丙烯酰胺混俣凝胶电泳法比较地研究了活性氧和病区黄腐酸对氨基多糖和蛋白多糖作用,并用恒ｐＨ值法研究了完整和受损的ＰＧ对矿化的影响。结果表明：１,黄嘌呤－黄嘌呤氧化酶体系对ＧＡＧ无明显降解作用,只损伤ＰＧ的核心蛋白。２,Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）－ＥＤＴＡ－Ｈ２Ｏ２体系同进损伤ＰＧ和ＧＡＧ,并与Ｈ２Ｏ２浓度和作用时间正相关。３,ＦＡ不能直接降解ＧＡＧ和ＰＧ。４,ＰＧ能推延磷酸钙成核的诱导期,     

活性氧诱导细胞凋亡

细胞凋亡是细胞主动的衰老和死亡方式。细胞凋亡过程极其复杂,其生化机制还不十分清楚。用活性氧如H_2O_2、ONOO及脂质过氧化物等可直接诱导某些细胞发生凋亡,抗氧化剂对细胞凋亡有抑制作用。细胞内产生活性氧的部位主要是线粒体电子传递链、黄嘌呤—黄嘌呤氧化酶途径、磷脂酶A_2激活的花生四烯酸代谢途径及精氨酸-NO合成酶途径。外源性活性氧或通过内源性活性氧的生成,导致细胞内氧化还原状态的失衡,诱导某些基因的表达,引起凋亡。     

细菌黄嘌呤氧化酶的稳定性

研究pH、温度、金属离子和一些添加剂对黄嘌呤氧化酶稳定性的影响。结果表明：黄嘌呤氧化酶在pH4．5～7．5的范围内较稳定;反应最适温度为37℃。在常温25～35℃该酶比较稳定,经45℃处理2h．可保持50％左右,不同种类、不同浓度的金属离子对黄嘌呤氧化酶活性表现出程度不同的激活或抑制作用;添加谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸,能有效提高黄嘌呤氧化酶的存放稳定性.     

应用XOD—X—Luminol发光体系检测SOD活性

黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine: OxygenOxidore ductase,EC1.2.3.2,简写XOD)在有氧存在时,能催化黄嘌呤(Xanthing,简写X)进行氧化反应生成尿酸和O_2~-。O_2~-可与发光试剂Luminol(5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1.4-phthalazine-dione)反应,使之激发,当O_2~-从激发态返回基态时即向外发光。SOD是专一消除O_2~-的天然物质,故可抑制Luminol对O_2~-的激发发光。根据此原理,本     

慢性肾衰病人血清和红细胞抗氧化能力的ESR研究

用电子自旋共振(ESR)自旋捕集技术研究了正常人和肾衰病人血清和红细胞对黄嘌呤 黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的氧自由基的作用.结果发现:(1)正常人血清和红细胞能够有效地清除超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-),而肾衰病人血清和红细胞清除O_2~-的能力明显比正常人血清和红细胞低;(2)正常人血清能有效地把黄嘌呤 黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的O_2~-转化为·OH,病人血清在这方面与正常人血清有显著性差异.     

化学修饰单克隆抗体模拟谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶

化学修饰具有底物谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）结合部位的单克隆抗体（４Ａ４）,使其结合部位上的丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）转变成谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ）的催化基团硒代半胱氨酸（Ｓｅ－Ｃｙｓ）,因而产生高活力的含硒抗体酶（Ｓｅ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ）．突变的４Ａ４（ｍ４Ａ４）的ＧＰＸ活力达到了天然酶活力的１９％,并对ｍ４Ａ４的酶学性质和动力学性质进行了研究;硒代谷胱甘肽（ＧＳｅＨ）连到４Ａ４结合部位,其ＧＰＸ活力由３．８６Ｕ／μｍｏｌ提高到５９８．９Ｕ／μｍｏｌ用黄嘌呤氧化酶／次黄嘌呤为中心的心肌线粒体自由基损伤模型证明Ｓｅ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ（ｍ４Ａ４）可减轻活性氧对线粒体的损伤。     

用自旋捕集技术研究硒化合物对活性氧自由基的清除…

亚硒酸钠,硒代甲硫氨酸和硒代硫酸软骨素对黄嘌呤氧化酶体系和人多形核白细胞呼吸暴发时产生的阴离子自由基,和Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ反应生成的羟自由基有明显的清除作用,并抑制ＰＭＮ呼吸暴发时对氧的消耗,实验结果说明不同硒化合物不仅能够清除细胞体系产生的活性氧自由基,而且对化学反应生成的活性氧自由基也有清除作用。     

齿孔酸对高尿酸血症黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响

采用紫外分光光度法检测齿孔酸在体外对黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用,并进行动力学研究探讨其作用机制;采用酵母联合氧嗪酸钾诱导高尿酸血症小鼠模型,观察齿孔酸对高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平、血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性及血糖血脂的影响。研究发现,齿孔酸体在外能抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平、血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,同时明显降低空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,提高口服糖耐受量。结果表明,齿孔酸是黄嘌呤氧化酶竞争性抑制剂,还能缓解高尿酸血症小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱,对高尿酸血症及痛风的防治具有潜在意义。     

用化学发光法研究NADPH氧化酶产生O_2~+的活性

本文用化学发光法研究了从促癌剂PMA刺激的人血多形核白细胞中提取的NADPH氧化酶在全溶无细胞体系中产生O_2~+的活性.给出了其发光值随时间的变化曲线;在相同条件下,其活性比从未刺激的多形核白细胞中提取的NADPH氧化酶约大4.5倍,与细胞色素C还原—SOD抑制法所得结果相一致.     

齿孔酸对高尿酸血症黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响

采用紫外分光光度法检测齿孔酸在体外对黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用,并进行动力学研究探讨其作用机制;采用酵母联合氧嗪酸钾诱导高尿酸血症小鼠模型,观察齿孔酸对高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平、血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性及血糖血脂的影响。研究发现,齿孔酸体在外能抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平、血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,同时明显降低空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,提高口服糖耐受量。结果表明,齿孔酸是黄嘌呤氧化酶竞争性抑制剂,还能缓解高尿酸血症小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱,对高尿酸血症及痛风的防治具有潜在意义。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.