昆虫病原线虫对腰果细蛾的致病力测定

室内测定了Steinernema carpocapsae All、S.carpocapsae Biosys、S.glaseri NC52、S.longicaudum X-7、Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06和H.indica LN2共6个昆虫病原线虫品系对腰果细蛾Acrocercops syngramma Meyrick幼虫的致病力。结果表明,线虫S.carpocapsae All、Biosys品系与线虫S.glaseri NC52对腰果细蛾幼虫的致死效果显著高于其它线虫,但供试的6个线虫品系均未能在腰果细蛾幼虫体内繁殖下一代,说明供试线虫在腰果细蛾幼虫体内难以繁殖。选择小卷蛾斯氏线虫S.carpocapsae All进一步研究其对腰果细蛾的致病力,结果发现,All线虫对腰果细蛾3龄幼虫处理24 h后的致死中浓度LC50为19.88 IJs/虫。腰果细蛾各龄幼虫和蛹对小卷蛾斯氏线虫S.carpocapsae All均表现出高度的敏感性,但不同幼虫龄期和处理时间敏感程度不同。小卷蛾斯氏线虫S.carpocapsae All对不同龄期腰果细蛾幼虫和蛹均表现出较强的致病力。     

海南岛腰果角盲蝽的研究

腰果角盲蝽(Helopeltis sp.)为我国腰果树的新害虫,在海南岛严重为害腰果树嫩梢、花枝、嫩叶、幼坚果及果梨.据1982年调查,坚果被害率最高可达100%,其中被害至干枯的达7%.腰果角盲蝽广布于海南岛,除为害腰果树外还为害可可、胡椒、芒果、番石榴、茶树等多种经济作物.此虫年发生12代,一代需16—80天.建议对腰果植株进行合理修枝、及时除去带卵枝条及在梢期、花期和座果期各喷药一次对其进行防治.     

海南岛腰果水分生理生态的研究

本文对海南岛西南地区腰果有关水分生理指标的测试与实地分析,结果表明生境背景水平不同,植株的水分状况(相对含水量、水分亏缺、需水程度)各层次叶位的水势和蒸腾速率日变化均有差异,因此在一定程度上影响了腰果植株生长发育     

日本电气公司的目标用腰果壳成分量产生物塑料

日本电气公司（NEC）利用腰果（cashewnut）壳成分和纤维素开发出了叫“腰果酚纤维素”的新型生物塑料。其目标是2013年底确立批量生产技术,2014年开始将这种生物塑料用在自身的产品上。该公司在其环境保护中期计划中还制订了这样的目标,     

海南腰果种植区黄猄蚁资源调查

调查了海南省乐东县、东方市和昌江县腰果种植区的黄獠蚁Oecophylla smaragdina Fabficius发生情况,结果表明,3个腰果种植区均有较为丰富的黄猄蚁资源.调查发现,常年失管的腰果园黄猄蚁资源较为丰富,这些腰果园人为活动干扰少,有利于黄獠蚁的自然定殖、繁衍和扩散.黄猄蚁蚁巢在腰果树北面(3.1个/株)分布数量最多,其次为西面(2.3个/株)和东面(2.0个/株),南面(0.9个/株)蚁巢数量最少.黄猄蚁蚁巢长度和宽度、蚁巢长度和离地高度以及蚁巢宽度和离地高度均呈极显著的线性正相关关系.     

氮磷钾肥配施对腰果红带蓟马发生为害的影响

研究氮磷钾配施对腰果红带蓟马Selenothrips rubrocinctus(Giard)发生为害的影响。结果表明,N3P3K2和N3P2K1处理的抗虫能力最高,其蓟害指数显著低于其他处理,分别为3.10%和8.30%,N3P1K3和N2P3K1处理也有较强的抗虫能力,蓟害指数分别为20.40%和20.30%,而N1P2K2处理的抗虫能力最低,其蓟害指数为54.00%,显著高于N3P3K2,N3P2K1,N3P1K3,N2P3K1和N2P1K2处理。植株冠幅方位对红带蓟马发生为害的影响差异不明显,说明光强度对腰果红带蓟马的发生为害影响不显著。研究表明,腰果叶片含氮量在1.43%~1.72%范围内,叶片氮素含量与腰果蓟害指数呈极显著的负相关。     

腰果花期蓟马及其为害的评估

目前已知有几种为害腰果的蓟马，分布于世界各腰果产区(Palmer等，1989)，但研究人员大多侧重于研究为害叶部的蓟马，其中主要种类为印度、泰国等地的红带网纹蓟马(荔枝网纹蓟马)Selenothrips rubrocinctus Giard(Ohler，1979)、Rhipiphorothrips cruentates Hood和Retithrips syriacus M.(Hari Babu等，1983)．     

核桃分子生物学研究进展

核桃与扁桃、腰果、榛子并列为世界四大干果,具有重要的经济价值和基础研究价值。分子生物学及基因工程技术的发展为核桃基础理论研究提供了新的技术手段。从分子水平综述了核桃过敏原和其引发过敏症的机理、再生长期糖运输和叶片水分运输的调控、组织培养技术的发展和利用转基因技术来培育核桃新材料的现状、核桃种质资源的遗传分析研究进展,并对核桃的研究前景进行了展望。     

可可锤盲蝽生物学特性的研究

可可锤盲蝽Helopeltis sp.是海南岛为害可可、腰果和胡椒等多种热带作物的重要害虫之一。本文对该虫的形态特征、生活习性及其发生与外界环境的关系都作了较详细的报道。该虫在海南岛1年发生8代,完成1个世代平均历期为45天。若虫共5龄,1龄若虫对温湿度敏感。该虫天敌已知有蜘蛛,螨类和寄生蜂。     

中国蓟马科种类新纪录

针尾蓟马亚科Panchaetothripinae1.黑体网纹蓟马 Helionothrips aino(Ishida)1911分布:广东(广州);日本。寄主:樟树、阴香、玉兰的嫩叶。2.兰网纹蓟马 Astrothrips acucubae Kurosawa 1932分布:广东(广州、海南岛那大);日本,菲律宾。寄主:玉兰树、樟树、象耳豆树嫩叶。3.腰果网纹蓟马 Phibalothrips peringueyi(Faure)1925     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism