共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Gudkov DI Derevets VV Kuz'menko MI Nazarov AB 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2001,41(2):232-238
The content of radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in higher aquatic plants of water objects within Chernobyl NPP exclusion zone has been analysed. Biodiversity of phytocenose was studied and species-indicators of radioactive contamination were revealed. The seasonal dynamics of radionuclide content in macrophytes was studied and the role of main aquatic plant clumps in processes of 137Cs and 90Sr distribution in abiotic component of biohydrocenose was demonstrated. 相似文献
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Levina SG Zenerova ZP Shibkova DZ Deriagin VV Popova IIa 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2006,46(5):575-582
The paper summarizes the results from radioecological studies of a number of water basins located on the East-Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT), as exemplified by the lakes Large Ighish, Small Ighish and Shablish which are included in the medium-distance and remote zone of the EURT. The lake Misyash which is situated in the opposite direction from the release vector and has been only contaminated due to global fallouts has been used as a control water basin. The current species composition of the high aquatic plants and species-specific concentration of 90Sr and 137Cs in them was studied, also, the radionuclide accumulation and discrimination coefficients were estimated. 相似文献
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D. S. Veresoglou N. Barbayiannis G. C. Zalidis S. Kalpakis E. Batianis 《Plant and Soil》1995,175(2):225-232
Strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were studied in different plant species grown in five soil treatments. For either shoots or roots, a positive linear relationship was found between Sr and Ca concentrations in different plant species grown in the same soil treatment. Strontium and calcium concentrations of different species were related to the soil selectivity coefficient for Sr and Ca, defined as the ratio of CH3COONH4-extractable Sr and Ca to the ratio of Sr and Ca in the soil solution. For the species used in all soils, transfer factors (TF) for Sr, defined as the ratios of the Sr amount per g of dry plant material and the Sr amount per g of dry soil, were negatively correlated with extractable Ca of the soil. Transfer factors for Sr varied greatly among species or between roots and shoots. This variation of transfer factor was reduced when transfer factor values were divided by the shoot or root Ca concentration of each species. The proposed index TF for Sr per Ca concentration could be used to compare various soils according to their ability to supply plants with Sr when different plant species are grown in these soils. 相似文献
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Putyatin YV Seraya TM Petrykevich OM Howard BJ 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》2006,44(4):289-298
The uptake of 137Cs and 90Sr by six varieties of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) was compared in field trials on land contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. All the experimental varieties are officially adopted for agricultural use in Belarus and are used in large-scale production. Under identical conditions of nutrition, the productivity of the varieties varied significantly by a factor of 1.3. The extent of 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation by wheat grain, quantified as the concentration ratio, differed between the varieties by as much as a factor of 1.6, for both radionuclides. There was a significant linear positive correlation between the 90Sr activity concentration in grain and straw, and the calcium concentration. The correlation between 137Cs and potassium was not significant. The results suggest that certain varieties of spring wheat used in normal agricultural practice accumulate less 137Cs and 90Sr into grain than others. Some spring wheat varieties accumulated relatively less 137Cs, but did not accumulate less 90Sr. One variety, Quattro, had a significantly lower uptake of both 90Sr (for grain) and 137Cs (for both grain and straw) than that of the other varieties tested. The reduction efficiency achieved by the use of these varieties, however, is not as high as that achieved by soil amelioration techniques in the past. Nevertheless, since there are no additional costs or production losses associated with these varieties, their use in the contaminated areas is worth considering as a simple, practical, and effective contribution to reducing the uptake of both 90Sr and 137Cs and allowing farmers to produce food-grade grain. 相似文献
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Putiatin IuV Seraia TM 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2005,45(3):358-364
During the field researches were determined the differences between agrochemical optimum of the acidity of the Sod-podzol loamy sand soil, which provides high productivity of the crops and the pH-value, which provides the minimal accumulation of 137Cs and of 90Sr by the biomass (the ecological optimum). On the average for the majority of the agricultural plants the minimal accumulations of 137Cs and of 90Sr are noticed under pHKCl 6.7, which is higher than agrochemical optimum on 0.7. The efficiency of liming under the discrimination of 137Cs and of 90Sr is much higher in soils with low values of pH. On the average, in crop rotation due to decreasing of the acidity in the soil from 4.9 to 5.9 pHKCl, the crop yield has grown on 9%, 137Cs contents has decreased on 16.7%, 90Sr--on 23.7%. The further decreasing of the soil acidity (from 5.9 to 6.8 pHKCl) was poorly effective: the productivity didn't change essentially. The transfer of 137Cs decreased on 8.9% and of 90Sr on 8.4%. 相似文献
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Podoliak AG Zhdanovich VP 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2007,47(5):625-636
The decision of protein problem on contaminated by radionuclides territories as a result of the accident on Chernobyl NPP is not possible without increase of the sowing areas legumes crops (peas, lupine, soybean). Introduction in agricultural manufacture of grades with a low level of accumulation radionuclides (peas--Aist, Polesskay, Gomelskay Agat; soybean--Severnaya zvezda, Mageva) will allow to receive agricultural production adequate "Republican allowable levels of the contents of 137Cs and 90Sr in agricultural raw material and forages" on arable lands at their higher density of radioactive contamination: 137Cs--1300-1480 kBq/m2 (35.0-40.0 Ci/km2): 90Sr--18.5-37.0 kBq/m2 (0.50-1.00 Ci/km2). 相似文献
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Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) of 137Cs and 90Sr have been determined for different plants/crops, such as rice, beans, peanuts, pineapple, cabbage, tomato, spinach and
grass. They were obtained from radioisotope experiments on plants grown in pots under outdoor ambient tropical conditions
for three growing seasons (1994–1996). In the case of 137Cs and concerning the above mentioned plants/crops, the average TFs were found to be 0.28, 0.25, 0.77, 0.19, 0.23, 0.28, 0.59
and 0.18, respectively. In the case of 90Sr, the average TFs were found to be 0.82, 0.51, 0.20, 0.82, 0.69, 0.59, 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. A minor seasonal variation
was observed. This study provides a database of TFs for tropical environments to be used, e.g., for radiological safety assessment
models.
Received: 14 October 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 9 February 1998 相似文献
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Chilimov AI Bogachev AV 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2000,40(2):231-237
Dynamics of 137Cs specific activity (SA) in woody plants was examined. It was found that interseasonal variations of SA are connected mainly with precipitations and related oxygen in soil as well as Eh level. The rate of daily variation in SA in an individual tree can reach 19%. Acropetal or basipetal 137Cs distribution in the bole depends on physiological condition category (PCC) of a tree, weather and environment; SA ratio of higher and lower PCC depends on the same factors. In winter compared to summer higher SA correlation of tree separate parts was observed. Trees with 137Cs acropetal distribution in bark had proven lower general CA level. 相似文献
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Bogdevich IM Podoliak AG Arastovich TV Zhdanovich VP 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2005,45(2):241-247
For prognosis of accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr in forages harvested in radionuclide contaminated sod-podzolic soils, it is suggested to use transfer factors (TF9a) (Bq/kg)/(kBq/m2)) established not only by the content of mobile potassium (137Cs, r = -0.53) and the value of exchange acidity (90Sr, r = -0.73), but also by the index of agrochemical soil cultivation I(cd) (137Cs, r = -0.69; 90Sr, r = -0.64). The possibility of obtaining forages conforming to the state standards on the haymaking and pasture areas with high density of radioactive contamination of soils was shown by the example of "Sudkovo" collective farm. The approach is based on achievement of a high degree of cultivation (l(cd) - 0.81-1.0) due to a complex of protective measures, which resulted in a 10-fold decrease in the specific activity of 137Cs and a 4-fold decrease in the activity of 90Sr, compared to the soils with a low degree of cultivation (I(cd) - 0.41-0.60). 相似文献
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Perevolotskoĭ AN Bulavik IM Perevolotskaia TV Paskrobko LA Andrush SN 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2007,47(4):463-470
The range of researches was made on 137Cs and 90Sr distribution regularities in pine tree plantations depending on different edaphic conditions. It is shown that total radionuclide amount in the forest litter depends on its thickness and is thought to be 10 to 70% for 137Cs and 20 to 60% for 90Sr. When soil fertility come increases from trophotop "A" to "C", 137Cs and 90Sr transfer factors for wood reduce. Soil humidity increase for each grade of trophic net results in increase of 137Cs transfer factors to wood and decrease for 90Sr. Total activity of 37Cs and 90Sr in pine wood plantation depends on plantation productivity and radionuclide transfer factors depending on different plantation conditions. In the most prevailing edaphotops pine wood accumulates 1-3% of 137Cs and 6-11% of 90Sr from total activity of radionuclides in biogeocenosis. 相似文献
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Mikheev AM 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》1999,39(6):663-666
It is shown, that the roots of plants concentrate 137Cs and 90Sr from water solutions in different zones: 137Cs--mainly in a meristem zone, 90Sr--in a stretching zone. The similar character of radionuclide distribution was established regarding water and soil cultures. The real dose loading on critical tissues of main root have appeared to be much higher than it was expected from the assumption of uniform distribution of radionuclides in tissues. 相似文献
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Khomutinin IuV Kashparov VA Kuz'menko AV 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2011,51(3):374-384
Activities of 137Cs and 90Sr, concentrations of the potassium and calcium ions in water and accumulation of the radionuclides in the organisms of various freshwater fish have been measured in the stagnant and semistagnant water reservoirs of Ukraine contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident. On the basis of the numerous experimental data for different regions the statistical parameters were derived describing the dependencies of the 137Cs and 90Sr concentration ratios in the muscle tissue of various fish species on the potassium and calcium concentrations in water, respectively. 相似文献
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Konoplëva IV Avila R Bulgakov AA Johanson K Konoplëv AV Popov VE 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2002,42(2):204-210
A method for quantitative assessment of 137Cs availability to plants in forest ecosystems on the basis of soil properties has been developed. It is shown that the experimental dependencies of 137Cs soil-to-plant transfer factor (TFag) for fern and bilberry on the bioavailability factor calculated on the basis of soil characteristics of root layer: 137Cs exchangeability, exchangeable Ca, effective selectivity coefficient, were satisfactory described by linear function. The advantage of the proposed method is that the necessary soil characteristics can be taken from the reference literature, evaluated using empirical correlations or determined with standard agrochemical procedures. 相似文献
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Perevolotskiĭ AN Bulavik IM Perevolotskaia TV Paskrobko LA Andrush SN 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2005,45(4):498-505
The studies of 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation characteristics by birch wood (Betula pendula Roth.) growing in different edaphic conditions. Were conducted was stated that the increase in soil fertility from trophotops A to D results in 5-fold 137Cs transfer factor decrease and 2-fold decrease of 90Sr. Soil humidity increase for each grade of trophic net results happens the increase of 137Cs transfer factors to wood and decrease for 90Sr. Total activity of 37Cs and 90Sr in birch wood plantation depends on plantation productivity and on radionuclide transfer factors depending on different plantation conditions. In the most prevailing edaphotops (B2, B3, C2 and C3) birch wood accumulates 0.6-1.2% of 137Cs and 13-19% of 90Sr from total activity of radionuclides in biogeocenosis. 相似文献