陕西不同林区栓皮栎种群空间分布格局及动态的比较研究

在陕西黄龙山区、秦岭北坡和巴山北坡设置 1 0× 1 0 m2 样方 98个 ,应用相邻格子法进行每木调查获得野外资料 ,采用离散分布理论拟合检验、t检验和聚集强度测定的方法 ,对栓皮栎种群空间分布格局及动态进行了对比研究。结果表明 :1栓皮栎种群在黄龙山区为奈曼 A型分布 ,秦岭北坡和巴山北坡为负二项分布 ;聚集强度 ,秦岭北坡 >黄龙山区 >巴山北坡。 2在秦岭和巴山北坡中低海拔地区 ,种群为负二项分布 ,随海拔升高 ,秦岭北坡趋向随机分布 ,巴山北坡趋向均匀分布 ;两地种群聚集强度随海拔升高呈“低 -高 -低”的变化格局。3秦岭北坡 1～ 1 0年生种群的聚集度最大 ,随着年龄增加 ,聚集强度逐渐下降 ;而黄龙山区和巴山北坡种群的聚集强度随年龄增加而增强。栓皮栎种群生物学和生态学特性与环境因素共同作用是种群分布格局形成的主要因素 ,人为干扰对分布格局具有重要影响。根据环境条件和种群动态规律实行不同的经营方式是实现栓皮栎林持续利用的根本性措施     

山东百部种群的空间分布格局

采用扩散系数的t检验、Poisson分布的x^2拟合检验及Morisita指数的F检验研究了山东百部（Stemona shandongensis）种群的空间分布类型;用负二项参数（K）、Cassie指标（1／K）、Green指数（GI）和Lloyd的平均拥挤度（m^＊）与聚块性指标（PAI）研究其聚集强度。同时利用上述指数研究了取样面积、苗龄对山东百部种群分布格局和聚集强度的影响,分析了分布格局形成的原因。结果表明,总体上山东百部种群的分布格局类型为集群分布,种群聚集尺度多为8m^2;当年生植株种群聚集强度高于多年生种群;整个种群分布格局的演化趋向于高聚集强度的集群分布。     

海南岛黎母山四眼斑水龟种群密度与空间分布格局

2004年3～7月,采用系统抽样法在海南岛黎母山对四眼斑水龟（Sacalia quadriocellata）种群密度与空间分布进行了调查,采用Cassie指数、David＆Moore指数、Morisita指数和Lloyd指数测定了四眼斑水龟种群空间分布格局。结果表明,（1）四眼斑水龟种群分布于海拔170～470m范围内,在垂直梯度上呈现不连续的分布状态;（2）在海拔170～470m范围内种群相对密度为0．011～0．050只／笼捕日;（3）种群空间分布呈现聚集分布格局;（4）资源的空间分布特点和人为干扰可能对四眼斑水龟种群密度及空间分布格局有重要影响。     

稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)幼虫空间分布型的研究及其序贯抽样的分析

本文用频次分布 x~2检验法,Iwao 平均拥挤度,=α+βm,和 Taylor 冪法则,S~2-α·m~b,分析了稻纵卷叶螟幼虫空间分布型;样方大小与分布型的关系;依据单种群连续样方大小变化的-m 回归和 p-指数分析个体群占区面积;同时计算了不同密度下和不同允许误差时的抽样数,并作了序贯分析图。     

天然红海榄种群分布格局研究

以湛江高桥红树林自然保护区中的天然红海榄种群为对象,采用相邻格子法进行野外调查,同时根据红海榄种群个体定位图,运用扩散系数、聚集指数、聚块性指数、扩散型指数、平均拥挤度、负二项参数、Cassie.R.M.指标,分析天然红海榄种群在不同潮带、不同群落类型及不同取样尺度下的空间分布格局。结果表明:红海榄种群在高潮带和低潮带中趋向于随机分布的空间格局,中潮带则呈现为明显的聚集分布;红海榄种群在纯林中的分布格局略偏向于随机型,在混交林中则呈现较强的聚集分布,聚集度指标表现为C>1,Iδ>1,K<8,m*/>1,Ca>0;红海榄种群在不同取样尺度的分布格局存在差异,聚集强度随着取样尺度的增大而减弱,在取样尺度为5m×5m时呈现明显的聚集分布,取样尺度为5m×10m时亦表现为聚集分布但聚集强度相对较小,取样尺度为10m×10m时其空间格局介于聚集分布与随机分布的临界状态。红海榄种群的分布格局与生境条件的异质性以及红海榄自身的生物学特性有关。     

陕西府谷自然保护区杜松种群的空间分布格局及其动态

采用方差/均值比率法和5个聚集度指标研究了陕西府谷自然保护区杜松(Juniperus rigida Sieb.etZucc.)种群15个样地的空间分布格局及动态特征。结果表明,杜松种群的空间分布格局为聚集分布,其v/m值、负二项参数、聚块性指数、丛生指数、平均拥挤度和Morisita指数分别为1.98、1.84、1.54、0.98、2.79和1.54。随着径级的增大,聚块性指数逐渐减小,种群的聚集程度也减小,Ⅶ级大树呈随机分布,该种群表现出明显的扩散趋势。调查发现,人为干扰对杜松种群的空间分布格局有较大影响。     

广东鹅凰嶂自然保护区杜鹃红山茶种群结构与空间分布格局

研究了广东鹅凰嶂省级自然保护区杜鹃红山茶天然种群的基径、高度和冠幅结构,应用扩散系数、负二次指数、Cassie指数、丛生指数、平均拥挤度、聚块性指数和格林指数等聚集度指标测定了种群空间分布格局及其动态.结果表明:在天然分布区内,杜鹃红山茶种群以成年树为主体,幼苗严重缺乏,表现为衰退趋势,但不同地段中种群的径级、高度和冠幅结构不完全相同.不同地段中杜鹃红山茶种群空间分布格局表现为聚集分布或随机分布;在种群生长过程中,分布格局从聚集型向随机型转变.     

乐清湾珠带拟蟹守螺夏季种群的分布格局

2004年7~8月,对温州乐清市雁荡镇西门码头、西门岛红树林、南岳镇、岐头、大门岛百花庙滩涂5个样点的珠带拟蟹守螺(Cerithideopsilla cingulata)种群密度进行调查,分别采用Taylor幂法则、Iwao聚集格局回归分析法及Morisita指数公式计算和统计分析,结果表明,珠带拟蟹守螺种群空间分布格局理论上属于聚集型负二项分布。其种群在中潮区的分布量最大,而高潮区又大于低潮区。珠带拟蟹守螺是一种对环境污染非常敏感的指示生物,滩涂生境如有污染就会直接反映在其种群密度上。     

外来杂草薇甘菊种群分布格局研究

在3个群落中设置样方,采用方差/均值比率法测定了薇甘菊种群的分布格局类型。结果表明,薇甘菊种群的分布格局主要受自身的生物学特征和微环境的影响,呈随机或集群分布。随机分布的种群其聚集强度指标扩散型指数、丛生指数、聚块性指标和平均拥挤度多对1.0没有显著的偏离,负二项参数则较大;而聚集分布的种群其聚集强度指标则符合聚集特征。     

珍稀濒危植物中甸刺玫种群结构与空间分布格局研究

为了揭示中甸刺玫Rosa praelucens的种群特征,在香格里拉中甸刺玫分布区域设置10个样方,编制中甸刺玫的静态生命表、存活曲线、χ2值、连接系数(AC)、种间共同出现百分率(PC)等指标对中甸刺玫种群结构进行分析;采用Cassie指标(CA)、丛生指标( I )、负二项式分布参数 (K)、聚块性指数(PAI)等聚集强度指数分析种群分布格局。结果表明：(1)中甸刺玫种群属于衰退型,年幼树种较少,老年的个体所占比例较大,种群更新慢;(2)按照Deevey的分类,中甸刺玫的存活曲线属于III型;(3)进行χ2检验,发现中甸刺玫群落中各物种间的独立性比较大;(4)中甸刺玫种群分布格局基本遵循聚集分布的格局。     

Different Placebos,Different Mechanisms,Different Outcomes: Lessons for Clinical Trials

Clinical trials use placebos with the assumption that they are inert, thus all placebos are considered to be equal. Here we show that this assumption is wrong and that different placebo procedures are associated to different therapeutic rituals which, in turn, trigger different mechanisms and produce different therapeutic outcomes. We studied high altitude, or hypobaric hypoxia, headache, in which two different placebos were administered. The first was placebo oxygen inhaled through a mask, whereas the second was placebo aspirin swallowed with a pill. Both placebos were given after a conditioning procedure, whereby either real oxygen or real aspirin was administered for three consecutive sessions to reduce headache pain. We found that after real oxygen conditioning, placebo oxygen induced pain relief along with a reduction in ventilation, blood alkalosis and salivary prostaglandin (PG)E2, yet without any increase in blood oxygen saturation (SO2). By contrast, after real aspirin conditioning, placebo aspirin induced pain relief through the inhibition of all the products of cyclooxygenase, that is, PGD2, PGE2, PGF2, PGI2, thromboxane (TX)A2, without affecting ventilation and blood alkalosis. Therefore, two different placebos, associated to two different therapeutic rituals, used two different pathways to reduce headache pain. The analgesic effect following placebo oxygen was superior to placebo aspirin. These findings show that different placebos may use different mechanisms to reduce high altitude headache, depending on the therapeutic ritual and the route of administration. In clinical trials, placebos and outcome measures should be selected very carefully in order not to incur in wrong interpretations.     

CIN and Aneuploidy: Different Concepts,Different Consequences

Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are similar concepts but not synonymous. CIN is the process that leads to chromosome copy number alterations, and aneuploidy is the result. While CIN and resulting aneuploidy often cause growth defects, they are also selected for in cancer cells. Although such contradicting fates may seem paradoxical at first, they can be better understood when CIN and aneuploidy are assessed separately, taking into account the in vitro or in vivo context, the rate of CIN, and severity of the aneuploid karyotype. As CIN can only be measured in living cells, which proves to be technically challenging in vivo, aneuploidy is more frequently quantified. However, CIN rates might be more predictive for tumor outcome than assessing aneuploidy rates alone. In reviewing the literature, we therefore conclude that there is an urgent need for new models in which we can monitor chromosome mis‐segregation and its consequences in vivo. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/fL3LxZduchg     

天堂的危机——野性之河亚马逊——对“聚宝盆”的不同解读

2006年11月．互联网上一则在亚马逊的森林小镇发现黄金的消息．引发了巴西沉寂了20年的最疯狂的淘金热。该金矿位于马瑙斯450公里的阿普镇,金矿纯度98％。于是在短短两个月内一万名淘金客蜂拥而至．掘得黄金150公斤．价值300万美元。     

Transgelin Silencing Induces Different Processes in Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Transgelin is a protein reported to be a marker of several cancers. However, previous studies have shown both up‐ and down‐regulation of transgelin in tumors when compared with non‐tumor tissues and the mechanisms whereby transgelin may affect the development of cancer remain largely unknown. Transgelin is especially abundant in smooth muscle cells and is associated with actin stress fibers. These contractile structures participate in cell motility, adhesion, and the maintenance of cell morphology. Here, the role of transgelin in breast cancer is focused on. Initially, the effects of transgelin on cell migration of the breast cancer cell lines, BT 549 and PMC 42, is studied. Interestingly, transgelin silencing increased the migration of PMC 42 cells, but decreased the migration of BT 549 cells. To clarify these contradictory results, the changes in protein abundances after transgelin silencing in these two cell lines are analyzed using quantitative proteomics. The results confirmed the role of transgelin in the migration of BT 549 cells and suggest the involvement of transgelin in apoptosis and small molecule biochemistry in PMC 42 cells. The context‐dependent function of transgelin reflects the different molecular backgrounds of these cell lines, which differ in karyotypes, mutation statuses, and proteome profiles.