不同植物生长调节物质对细叶小羽藓愈伤组织诱导及分化的影晌

以细叶小羽藓[Haplocladium microphyllum（Hedw．）Broth．】的配子体为外植体,研究了不同植物生长调节物质对细叶小羽藓愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响。结果表明：在Ms培养基中添加不同的植物生长调节物质对细叶小羽藓配子体增殖影响差异很大,具体表现为2,4一D、KT、IBA和IAA促进细叶小羽藓芽体的诱导及生长,NAA抑制细叶小羽藓芽体的诱导,TDZ阿姨、、及6－BA促进细叶小羽藓的配子体产生愈伤组织;在Ms培养基中添加0．3mg·L－1。6-BA最适合愈伤组织的诱导;在MS掊养基中添加1．0mg·L－1。。IBA最适合愈伤组织的分化。     

罗汉果不同器官直接分化再生苗的研究

以青皮果品种的叶片、叶柄和无芽茎段作为外植体,研究其直接分化再生苗能力的差异。结果表明:⑴MS 6-BA1.0mg/L IAA0.1mg/L和MS 6-BA2.0mg/L IAA0.1mg/L两组培养基均可使叶片外植体直接分化出芽并建成再生苗。叶片基部的分化能力最强,中部稍次,尖部最弱。⑵MS 6-BA3.0mg/L IAA0.1mg/L则诱导叶片外植体首先脱分化形成愈伤组织,继而再分化成再生苗,,且畸形苗居多,无应用价值。⑶叶柄和无芽茎段在三组培养基中都只能脱分化形成大量愈伤组织,难以分化再生苗。     

生长调节物质对石刁柏愈伤组织诱导及根芽分化的影响

石刁柏幼茎在0.1～20mg/L 2,4-D和0.1～80mg/LNAA条件下,均能形成愈伤组织,2,4-D和6-BA,NAA和KT配合使用,愈伤组织诱导率能大幅度提高,高速100％。几种生长调节物质中以IAA对促进根的分化最有利。6-BA或KT中芽分化率以0～1mg/L的浓度为佳。     

梨蒴珠藓愈伤组织诱导和配子体再生研究

以梨蒴珠藓无菌藓株为外植体诱导愈伤组织和配子体再生,接种于含不同激素组合的MS和Knop固体培养基上,分别进行愈伤组织和不定芽的分化,并探讨愈伤组织诱导和配子体再生的适宜培养条件.结果显示,愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+0.5 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D,愈伤组织诱导率为33.3%;不定芽诱导的最佳...     

尾叶桉茎段再生系统的建立

本文以尾叶桉(Eucalypt urophylla)U6的无菌苗茎段为材料,选用MS培养基为基本培养基,研究不同IAA浓度对尾叶桉茎段愈伤组织诱导,不同IAA、6-BA浓度对尾叶桉茎段愈伤组织诱导芽、生根的影响。结果表明,当外植体的接种数一样,IAA的浓度为20.0mg/L时,愈伤组织诱导率达到最高,为95%,且此浓度下,出芽率、生根率最高,分别达43.3%和100%,而添加0.5mg/L6-BA则会抑制芽的再生、不能产生根。因此最适合诱导尾叶桉愈伤组织、再生芽和再生根的培养体系是MS+20.0mg/L IAA+30g/L蔗糖+8g/L琼脂。该再生系统的建立将为转基因技术改良桉树性状提供前提条件。     

三倍体毛白杨组织脱分化培养与植株体再生

采用毛白杨三倍体幼叶作为外植体进行组织培养,以MS为基本培养基获得了再生植株。从NAA和IAA与6-BA间进行的18个正交试验中,选择出适宜脱分化培养基MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,对三倍体毛白杨愈伤组织诱导率为87.6%。5种生长素与6-BA配比的再分化培养基中,12MS+IAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 0.1mg/L对不定芽的分化诱导率可达到68.5%;MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.01mg/L的培养基可使单芽直接增殖出7.4个芽。在MS+IBA 1.0mg/L的生根培养基上,试管苗的生根率可达85.7%。     

仙鹤藓属（Atrichum）藓类植物组织培养再生体系的建立

报道了仙鹤藓（Atrichum undulatum(Hedw.)P.Beauv.)和仙鹤藓小形变种（Atrichum undulatum var.minus(Hedw.)Par.)的组织培养再生体系的建立。为研究仙鹤藓属（Atrichum)藓类愈伤组织的诱导和再分化,将仙鹤藓和仙鹤藓小形变种原丝体接种在含有4%葡萄糖和0.2-2.0mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基上,培养一个月后,成功地诱导出疏松、易碎的绿色愈伤组织。愈伤组织诱导和常规继代培养较适合的培养基为含4%葡萄糖和1-2mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基。当将继代培养5次的脱分化藓类愈伤组织转移到含4%葡萄糖但无任何激素的MS培养基上时,能再分化形成原丝体,而在无任何碳源的Benecke培养基土培养时,能再分化形成经原丝体阶段发育来的直立配子体。     

苦豆子的组织培养及植株再生的研究

用4种诱导培养基P1(MS+2,4-D0.5mg/L)、P2(MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L)、P3(MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L)、P4(MS+NAA1.0mg/L+KT0.5mg/L),3种分化培养基(MS+6-BA1mg/L;MS+6-BA0.5mg/L;MS+6-BA1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L)和4种生根培养基(MS;MS+IBA1mg/L;MS+IBA1mg/L+IAA0.5mg/L;1/2MS+IAA0.2mg/L)对苦豆子愈伤组织进行诱导和植株再生,研究影响苦豆子组织培养的因素,结果表明愈伤组织的诱导频率主要依靠激素的种类和浓度,培养基中加入0.2～2mg/L的2,4-D有利于苦豆子愈伤组织生长,但使褐化发生时间提前;培养基中加入活性炭对苦豆子愈伤组织褐化有明显的抑制作用;加入IAA对苦豆子根的分化是必需的。     

仙鹤藓属(Atrichum)藓类植物组织培养再生体系的建立

报道了仙鹤藓(Atrichum undulatum(Hedw.)P.Beauv.)和仙鹤藓小形变种(Atrichum undulatum var.minus(Hedw.)Par.)的组织培养再生体系的建立.为研究仙鹤藓属(Atrichum)藓类愈伤组织的诱导和再分化,将仙鹤鲜和仙鹤藓小形变种原丝体接种在含有4%葡萄糖和0.2～2.0 mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基上,培养一个月后,成功地诱导出疏松、易碎的绿色愈伤组织.愈伤组织诱导和常规继代培养较适合的培养基为含4%葡萄糖和1～2 mg/L6-BA的MS培养基.当将继代培养5次的脱分化藓类愈伤组织转移到含4%葡萄糖但无任何激素的MS培养基上时,能再分化形成原丝体,而在无任何碳源的Benecke培养基上培养时,能再分化形成经原丝体阶段发育来的直立配子体.     

野生蔬菜鸭儿芹组织培养的初步研究

以野生鸭儿芹嫩芽为材料,利用MS培养基为基本培养基,添加不同种类和浓度的外源激素,对鸭儿芹的组织培养进行了初步研究.结果表明,诱导侧芽分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L +NAA 1.0 mg/L;愈伤组织的继代培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,添加抗坏血酸(Vc) 1.0 mg/L可以有效防止愈伤组织的褐化;鸭儿芹生根的最佳培养基为1/2 MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L.     

Plant regeneration from isolated cells ofLavandula latifolia medicus

Summary Single cells were obtained from hypocotyl-derived callus ofLavandula latifolia Medicus. Cells were plated in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA), benzyladenine (BA), and several IAA-BA combinations. Cell division required the simultaneous presence of IAA and BA in the culture medium, but callus formation was only achieved with 0.1 or 1 mg/liter IAA and 2 mg/liter BA. To induce organogenesis, calli were transferred to various regeneration media. Shoot-bud differentiation efficiency depended on the composition of both the callus induction and the shoot regeneration media, best results being obtained when calli grown in 1 mg/liter IAA and 2 mg/liter BA were subcultured to media containing 2 mg/liter BA and 15% coconut milk. Under these conditions, up to 75% of calli formed shoots that subsequently were rooted and established in soil.     

One step shoot tip multiplication and rooting of Digitalis thapsi L.

Shoot tips from seedlings of Digitalis thapsi L. were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium and the effect of various auxins (2,4-D, NAA and IAA) were analyzed alone or in combination with cytokinis (BA and kinetin). Shoot multiplication and direct rooting of the new shoots were obtained after four weeks of culture in MS medium without hormones, but callus formation and the appearance of abnormal phenotypes were frequent. The addition of auxins to the cultures prevented the formation of callus but not the appearance of variant phenotypes. Both drawbacks could be avoided by combination of NAA or IAA with BA or kinetin. The best results for shoot multiplication and direct rooting were obtained with 0.5 mg l^-1 NAA and 0.1 or 0.5 mg l^-1 kinetin.Abbreviations BA 6-benciladenine - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - Kin kinetin - NAA naphtalene acetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog     

Apical callus formation and plant regeneration controlled by plant growth regulators on axenic culture of the red alga Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

Axenic cultures of Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Bird et Oliveira) Fredericq et Hommersand (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) were established in ASP12‐NTA solid medium (0.4% agar and 1.0% sucrose) supplemented with plant growth regulators to evaluate the effects on apical callus formation and plant regeneration. Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and 6‐benzylaminopurine (BA) were added individually or in combinations (IAA : BA) over a range of concentrations from 0.5 to 5 mg L^?1. Growth of apical and intercalary segments was stimulated by high concentrations of 2,4‐D (5 mg L^?1) and a high IAA to BA ratio (IAA : BA = 5:1 mg L^?1) respectively. Apical calluses were originated from divisions of apical and cortical cells located at apical regions of thallus segments and lateral branches. Low concentration of IAA (0.5 mg L^?1) or a high IAA to BA ratio (IAA : BA = 5:1 mg L^?1) were the optimal treatments for inducing apical callus formation in apical segments, while high concentration of IAA (5 mg L^?1) stimulated the highest callus induction rate in intercalary segments. Conversely, equal parts IAA and BA (IAA : BA = 1:1 mg L^?1) and low concentration of 2,4‐D (0.5 mg L^?1) stimulated growth of apical calluses from apical and intercalary segments, respectively. Two processes of regeneration were observed: direct regeneration (upright axis originated from cells of proximal region of intercalary segments) and indirect regeneration (adventitious plantlet originated from cells of apical calluses). Direct regeneration was promoted significantly by treatment with a low IAA to BA ratio (IAA : BA= 1:5 mg L^?1), and treatments with IAA (0.5 mgL^?1) or 2,4‐D (0.5 or 5 mg L^?1) significantly stimulated the elongation of upright axis. Plant growth regulators are essential to inducing indirect regeneration, and a high concentration of IAA (5 mg L^?1) and BA (5 mg L^?1) were the optimal treatments for inducing the regeneration of plantlets from apical calluses in apical and intercalary segments, respectively. Regenerating plantlets grew into plants morphologically similar to those formed from germinating spores, and became fertile after 6 weeks. The results suggest that auxins and cytokinins are involved in developmental regulatory processes in G. tenuifrons. The regeneration process from calluses in species of Gracilariales was observed for the first time in the present study. The culture system described for G. tenuifrons could be useful for micropropagation and for biotechnological applications in agarophytic algae.     

Plant regeneration and morphology during in-vitro organogenesis fromHeloniopsis orientalis (Thunb.) C. Tanaka

Heloniopsis orientalis (Liliaceae) is an important horticultural crop native to Korea. Under natural conditions, germination is poor and plant growth is delayed. Therefore, we have developed a vegetative propagation method to produce plants with vigorous growth characteristics via tissue culture. Leaf tissues were cultured on MS basal media supplemented with growth regulators 2,4-D, TDZ, BA, or zeatin. The regenerated shoots were then initiated directly from leaf expiants on an MS medium containing either 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D or 0.1 to 3.0 mg/L BA. Healthy plantlets with adventitious roots were formed on the medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L BA. TDZ triggered callus initiation without caulogenesis or rhizogenesis, and callus formation was better on the half-strength MS medium than on the full-strength medium. After the plants were acclimatized for one month at 4°C, they were successfully transferred to soil. In addition, we used LM and SEM to investigate shoot morphogenesis at various stages of differentiation.     

Callus induction and micropropagation improved by colchicine and phytoregulators in Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae)

Tissue culture techniques were applied for micropropagation of the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii in order to select the best strain and experimental system for in vitro culture. Five strains were tested: brown (BR), green (GR) and red (RD) tetrasporophytes, brown female gametophyte (BFG), and a strain originating from tetraspore germination (“Edison de Paula”, EP). The effects of three culture media were tested on callus formation, regeneration from explants and from callus in the three tetrasporophytic and EP strains: seawater enriched with half-strength of von Stosch’s (VS 50) and Guillard & Ryther’s (F/2 50) solutions, plus synthetic ASP 12-NTA medium, with or without gelling agent. Explants of the EP strain were treated with glycerol and the phytoregulators indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); and benzylaminopurine (BA), alone or in combination. The effects of colchicine (0.01%) during 24, 48, 72 hours and 14 days were analyzed in the BFG and EP strains. The EP strain showed the highest percentage of explants forming callus and regeneration from explants in VS 50, indicating its high potential for micropropagation in comparison to the other strains. Regeneration from callus was very rare. Treatments with glycerol and IAA:BA (5:1 mg L⁻¹) stimulated the regeneration from explants. Significant differences were observed in the percentages of regeneration of EP strain explants treated with colchicine for 14 days. Our results indicate that IAA and BA stimulated the regeneration process, and that colchicine produced explants with high potential for regeneration, being useful for improving the micropropagation of K. alvarezii.     

Study on Tissue and Protoplast Culture of Wild Cotton (Gossypium davidsonii)

This paper deals with the study on the condition of callus formation, embryogenesis, organogenesis, plant regeneration and protoplast culture of wild cotton (G. davidsonii) Callus cultures derived from several organs such as root, stem, leaf, cotyledon and hypocotyl. The results obtained in these cultures showed that the modified MS medium containing 2,4-D 1.0+KT 0.1; 2,4-D 0.1+KT 0.01; NAA (IAA) 2.0+KT 0.1 and NAA (IAA) 1.0+KT 0.1 mg/L were favorable to callus formation. Modified MS medium containing 2,4-D was suitable for initiated callus of G. davidsonii Besides, suspension cultures from callus of G. davidsonii were saccessfully initiated. Optimum concentration of 6BA (or ZT, or 2ip) and NAA (IAA) was for shooting, somatic embryo or leaf formation. Plantlets regenerated from somatic embryo at lower concentration of 6BA, or ZT, or 2ip. As to protoplast culture of this species, the age and physiological condition of callus or suspension cells and concentration of enzymes used for protoplast isolation affected the yield and survival of protoplasts. Protoplast of this species cultured in modified MS medium containing 2,4-D 0.5+NAA 0.5+ZT 0.1–0.2 mg/L. and divied after 3–4 days. The rate of division was 3--4% and cell cluster formed after 14 days, then these cells died.     

香叶天竺葵快速繁殖的研究

以柠檬香的皱波天竺葵 (Pelargoniucrispum)的叶片和茎段为外植体进行试管培养 ,结果叶片和茎段可诱导形成愈伤组织。经试验筛选结果为 :培养基MS BA 0 .75mg L NAA 0 .2 0mg L最适于愈伤组织的诱导 ,也适于不定芽分化和从生芽的分化增殖 ;培养基 1 2MS NAA 0 .3mg L IAA 0 .1mg L为根系诱导及生长的最佳配方 ,生根率达 1 0 0 %。     

Plant regeneration from meristem-derived callus protoplasts of apple (Malus3domestica cv. `Fuji')

A procedure has been established for regeneration from meristem-derived callus protoplasts of scion cultivars of apple that have been difficult to regenerate from leaf protoplasts. Calli were induced from the meristem of apples, Malus×domestica cvs `Fuji' and `Jonagold' and Malus prunifolia var `ringo Asami Mo84-A', cultured on MS medium (2 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l BA, 0.8% agar) and subcultured in a liquid medium. The ability to regenerate plants from suspension calli was studied under eight different combinations with respect to IAA, ABA, and TDZ concentrations. With the materials studied here, two combinations, one with 0.1 mg/l IAA, 0.1 mg/l ABA, and 2.0 mg/l TDZ and another with 0.1 mg/l IAA, 1.0 mg/l ABA, and 2.0 mg/l TDZ, were effective for plant regeneration. Protoplasts were isolated from the above suspension cultures and then cultured in KM8P medium containing IBA (2 mg/l), BA (1 mg/l), 2,4-D (0.4 mg/l), and MES (5 mM, pH 5.7). Shoot formation of protoplast-derived calli was studied in the above-mentioned regeneration media. The high concentration of Gelrite (0.5% and 0.7%) was also shown to be important for shoot formation of protoplast-derived calli. Shoot primordia were formed in the medium containing IAA (0.1 mg/l), ABA (1.0 mg/l), and TDZ (2.0 mg/l). Ultimately, five regenerants of `Fuji' protoplasts were obtained from 200 protoplast-derived calli. Received: 19 June 1998 / Revision received: 9 October 1998 / Accepted: 27 October 1998