云南昭通北部地区种子植物区系

基于2006年实地采集的4500余号标本,从科、属、种水平对昭通北部地区种子植物区系特征和性质进行了分析.结果表明:(1)该地区种子植物种类丰富,成分复杂,有159科640属1864种.(2)种子植物区系表现出明显的温带性质.北温带分布属127属,泛热带分布属99属,东亚分布属93属,热带亚洲分布属54属,4种类型共占总属数的60,94%,是该区种子植物区系主要来源.(3)该区植物区系较之滇中高原的小百草岭更近于华中植物区系的梵净山,应隶属于中国-日本植物亚区之华中区系,而与云南的大部分地区明显不同.(4)该区有中国特有科1科珙桐科,东亚特有科10科、中国特有属27属、中国特有种1063种,特有种的比例高达57%.丰富的特有成分,表明该区植物区系的古老性和独特性.该区植物区系具有深刻的热带亚洲的历史背景,而现代植物区系总体上已经是东亚植物区系中的华中植物区系性质.     

永德大雪山中山湿性常绿阔叶林植物区系的初步研究

中山湿性常绿阔叶林是永德大雪山亚热带山地植被垂直带上最具特征性的植被类型,也是该地区面积最大、保存最为完整、最有保护价值的植被类型。从该类型植被中219种常见和优势植物的种类结构分析看,只有热带亚洲成分、中国-喜马拉雅成分及中国特有成分能够贯穿于乔木Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ层,灌木层,草本层和层外植物各层次之中;其区系成分以中国-喜马拉雅和中国特有成分占优势,同时热带亚洲成分也占有相当的比例,说明其区系具有亚热带向温带过渡的性质;而中国特有种的进一步分析亦表明其区系的过渡性质。这表明永德大雪山处于中国-喜马拉雅森林植物区系和热带亚洲植物区系的分界面上,其植物区系的过渡特征非常明显。通过永德大雪山中山湿性常绿阔叶林与邻近地区同类型植被的优势种和主要伴生种的比较,我们初步认为该地此类森林植被环境更“温湿”。     

中国针茅属植物的地理分布

本文论述了中国针茅属植物的地理分布、生态特点及其与植被分布的关系。中国针茅属有32种1亚种及4变种,据该属各个种所处环境中的气候和土壤等因素的变化,不同种的分布也各异。属的分布区的类型属于吴征镒(1979)的中国植物区系分区的泛北极植物区中的6个植物亚区,即亚洲荒漠植物亚区,欧、亚森林植物亚区,青藏高原植物亚区,中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区,欧、亚草原植物亚区及中国-日本森林植物亚区。     

古地中海退却与喜马拉雅-横断山的隆起在中国喜马拉雅成分及高山植物区系的形成与发展上的意义

横断山-喜马拉雅植物区系的开端是在晚白垩纪和早古近纪(早第三纪).古植物资料表明在古近纪初期横断山-喜马拉雅植物区系是同古地中海沿岸一致的以照叶林为主的暖湿植物区系.古近纪后期和新近纪(新第三纪)以后古地中海气候逐步旱化,原来的暖湿植物区系在地中海地区逐步消失,而在横断山及喜马拉雅和东亚其他地区得以保存和发展,现代横断山及东喜马拉雅的亚热带森林即是其后裔.古近纪中期以后由于古地中海的逐步退却,气候变得干旱,原暖湿植物区系逐步被现代旱生的地中海植物区系所取代.新近纪以后,旱生的现代地中海植物区系由于喜马拉雅和横断山的隆起而转向适应高山环境,逐步分化形成了现代的中国-喜马拉雅成分.横断山-喜马拉雅地区硬叶高山栎林的起源;铁筷子属,绿绒蒿属,芒苞草属,假百合属及马桑属的地中海、喜马拉雅-横断山间断分布的形成便是古地中海植物区系残遗的体现;黄花木属、独一味属等众多中国喜马拉雅成分就是古地中海祖先的后裔.这些代表类群的分析研究表明现代的喜马拉雅-横断山的高山植物区系以及中国-喜马拉雅成分中有相当的一部分是起源于新生代旱生的地中海植物区系.     

西藏植物区系地理区域分异的探讨

本文应用数量统计方法及植物区系分布区型谱图探讨西藏植物区系地理的地域分异。中国-喜马拉雅成分在藏东和藏东南占优势,热带成分集中分布于喜马拉雅南翼的低海拔地区;在高原内部青藏高原成分占统治地位,而中亚成分则在高原的西北部起重要的作用。植物区系成分的这种水平地域分异和西藏境内自东南向西北植被由森林、草甸、草原至荒漠的地带更迭是相吻合的。海拔1800米可以看作是热带成分占优势的垂直系列的上界。根据优势植物区系成分确定的几条界线,西藏可划归如下植物区系区域:古热带植物区印度马来亚植物亚区的喜马拉雅南翼亚地区,泛北极植物区的中国-喜马拉雅亚区和青藏高原亚区。     

横断山区唇形科植物的地理分布

横断山区唇形科植物相当丰富,有46属240种,在国内仅次于云南和四川,但明显多于其它省区。通过对其属、种的分布区类型分析,其地理分布表现如下一些特征;1)从属的分布区类型来说,横断山区唇形科植物主要是温带性质,温带分布区类型的属数占总属数(世界分布的不计算在内,下同)85.3%,其中东亚分布类型为数最多,占总属数34.1%,其次是旧世界分布类型和北温带分布类型,分别占总属数29.2%和12.2%,而东亚分布类型中占绝对优势的是中国喜马拉雅分布亚型。2)从种的分布类型来说,我国特有分布的种占绝大多数,占总种数75%,而温带分布类型和热带分布类型分别占总种数20%和5%。在我国特有分布的种中横断山区特有的占72.8%。在横断山区特有分布的种中滇西北一地特有的占横断山区特有总种数32.1%,川西南一地特有的占横断山区特有总种数9.9%,滇西北和川西南两地共同特有的占横断山区特有总种数25.2%,要是把滇西北川西南看成一整体无疑是横断山区特有种分布中心,占横断山区特有总种数67.2%。3)滇西北川西南特有种分布中心,从其特有种组成分析,其成因有历史的也有生态的,但生态成因多于历史成因,因此该中心的植物区系较为年青,这是由于新构造运动强烈、垂直气候带变化明显,冰川多次进退,导致气候上下位移频繁以横断山脉的纵向深切,促进植物在发展过程中强烈分化的结果。     

横断山地区兰科植物区系的研究

兰科在横断山地区是维管束植物中的大科之一,共有91属,363种及9变种。 4属为我国特有属,其中1属为本地区所特有;155种及9变种为我国特有种。 其中69种及5变种为本地区所 特有。本文对属、种进行了分析,并对全部种的分布格局作了详细的介绍,概述了本地区兰科植物的区系组成及特点。本文从兰科植物属、种的分布提出了四川峨眉山是东亚植物区中划分中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和中国-日本植物亚区的分界线上的一个重要的点的看法。     

云南巧家药山的珍稀树种

巧家药山位于云南东北部,是五莲峰山脉的最高峰,也是滇东北的最高峰,海拔4040米。站在巧家药山的山顶向东和向南远眺,没有任何高山能挡住人们的视野。在植物区系分区上,云南巧家药山位于中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区和中国-日本森林植物亚区的过渡地带,也是华中地区、云南高原地区和横断山脉地区的过渡地带。由于植物区系和气候类型的过渡性以及生态环境的多样性等原因,云南巧家药山云集了一组珍稀濒危特有树种,特别是被子植物中离生心皮类的珍稀濒危树种。在同一座山上同时云集西康木兰、领春木、水青树和连香树等离生心皮类的珍稀树种的现象…     

云南高原地区种子植物区系

云南高原地区是一个十分自然的植物区系地区,其种子植物区系约有5545种,隶属于1491属和 249科中,基本上是亚热带性质。本地区水平及垂直替代现象明显,地理联系广泛,但与中国-喜马拉雅亚区不同区系地区联系密切,显然是中国-喜马拉雅区系成分的发源地。根据特有种丰富程度以及一些自然地理特征,云南高原地区在区系上可以划分为3个小区：滇中高原小区、澜沧红河中游小区和滇东南小区,它们之间在许多方面有明显差异,其原因可能由于不同地史背景。     

四川贡嘎山地区杜鹃属的地理分布及区系组成

贡嘎山地区位于青藏高原的东南缘,横断山系的东北段,现有杜鹃属植物73种4变种2亚种。在贡嘎山地区东坡的不同垂直高度上分布有43种(包括变、亚种)杜鹃,西坡则分布有63种(包括变、亚种)。贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物的区系组成属于泛北极植物区,大致分为:1、中国-日本森林植物亚区,只有1种杜鹃。2、中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,有78种(包括4变种, 2亚种),其中(1)1种分布于西藏、云南,并经云南入缅甸分布;(2)44种为四川特产;(3)5种为贡嘎山地区特有种。另外,贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物区系还有其特点:1、贡嘎山地区是杜鹃属植物分布中心之一;2、贡嘎山地区是杜鹃属植物分化中心之一;3、贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物有垂直替代现象。     

无量山中山湿性常绿阔叶林及其植物区系的初步研究

无量山中山湿性常绿阔叶林是其垂直带上最具特征性的植被类型。从这类森林中２３１种优势和常见植物的种类结构分析看,只有热带亚洲成分、东亚中的中国－喜马拉雅成分、和中国特有成分贯穿乔木Ａ、Ｂ层,灌木层,草本层和层外植物几大类中;而中国特有种的进一步分析表明了它的区系成分的亚热带性质,温带性质不是很显著。该地这类森林与云南同类型植被有诸多方面的相似性,但是大致上每一个大的山头有一套植物种类成分,而以各种石栎树种加以区分,其它重要伴生种及伴生种的各类组合千差万别。对这类森林中３５个特有种的分析显示区系平衡点邻近范围有较大的物种分化水平;它们所隶属的属的分析表明,这类植被的温带性质又较该地整体水平为强;它们的近缘种分布区域对无量山此类森林与这些区域相应类型植被的区系联系和分化有一定指示意义     

Notes on the Orchid Flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region,China

The Hengduan Mountain Region on the south-eastern fringe of the Qinghai- Xizang (Tibet) Plateau is located in W. Sichuan, N. W. Yunnan and E. Xizang, with a wide area of juxtaposition from the east to the west, the mountains extending and the rivers flowing from the north to the south. In this paper it covers an area from Daojie, Wayao, Yingping, Yangbi, Dali of Yunnan and Dukou of Sichuan in the south, to Banbar, Dengqeu, Shenda of Tibet and Serxu, Dainkog, Shuajingsi and Nanping (Jiuzhaigou) of Sichuan in the north, and from Lharong, Baxoi and Zayü of Tibet in the west, to Maowen, Wenchuan, Mt. Erlang, Mt. Emei and Xichang of Sichuan in the east (Fig. 1.). The Gongga Mountain is the highest in the region, its summit being at an altitude of 7556m, whereas the Dadu River Valley in the eastern part of the area is only 1150 m above sea level. Therefore, the relative height is about 6400 m in the region. The Hengduan Mountain Region is well-known for its various topography, complex natural conditions and rich flora. The floristic composition and features of orchids in Hengduan Mountain Region. 1. The species of orchids are abundant in the region. As we know so far, orchids in the Hengduan Mountain Region comprise 91 genera and 363 species with 9 varieties, and thus it is one of concentration centres of orchids in China, making up 56.17% of the total number of orchids genera in China, only less than in Yunnan and Taiwan, and 34.87% of the total number of orchids species in China, only less than in Yunnan and Sichuan. 2. The orchids genera in the Hengduan Mountain Region are complex in geographical components as indicated below: (1) Four geneva are endemic to China and one of them is endemic to the region. (2) Fourteen genera are of the north temperate distribution pattern, 2 of the Old World temperate one, 18 of the East-Asian one (including Sino-Himalayan and Sino-Japanese) and 3 of the East-Asian-North American one. (3) Twenty one genera belong to the tropical Asian distribution pattern, 3 to the tropical Asian-tropical African one, 13 to the tropical Asian-tropical Australian one, 1 to the tropical Asian-tropical South American one, 8 to the Old World tropical one and 2 to the pantropical one. (4) Two genera are cosmopolitan. The analysis of genera: Fourty eight genera (containing 151 species with 4 varieties) of the tropical distribution occur in the region, among which Calanthe and Cymbidium distributed in the temperate region, and Bulbophyllum and Peristylus in the subtropical part of China are comparatively abundant (with over 10 species), but the other 25 genera are monospecific and 11 genera each contain only 2-3 species. Some epiphytic genera mainly distributed in tropical Asia and belonging to tropical florestic elements, such as Vanda, Luisia, Schoenorchis, Flickingeria, Monomeria, Kingidium, Acampe, Phalaenopsis, Thrixspermum, Eria, Taeniophyllum, and terrestrial genera, such as Aphyllorchis, Collabium, Mischobulbum, Paphiopedilum, Thunia, Brachycarythis, Satyrium, Corybas, Geodorum, Zeuxine, Tropidia, have the Hengduan Mountain Region as the northern limit of distribution. Of 151 species with 4 varieties, 41 species with 4 varieties are endemic to China, and 14 species with 3 varieties of them are endemic to the area, making up 3.86% of the total in the region under discussion. There are 41 genera (containing 189 species with 5 varieties) of the temperate distribution, which occur in the region. Among them Platanthera (22 species with 1 variety), Cypripedium (17 species), Herminium (16 species), Amitostigma (15 species with 1 variety), Orchis (12 species), Hemipilia (8 species with 1 variety), Neottianthe (4 species), Gymnadenia (4 species), Diphylax (3 species), Bletilla (3 species), have the Hengduan Mountain Region as the distribution centre and differentiation centre. Among the 189 species with 5 varieties, 111 species with 5 varieties are endemic to China, and 54 species with 5 varieties are endemic to the area, making up 14.88% of the total of orchids in the Hengduan Mountain Region. Although the number of temperate distribution genera is smaller than that of tropical distribution ones, several points may be mentioned: (1) The Hengduan Mountain Region is distribution centre and differentiation centre of a number of temperate genera in China, and is the northern limit of many genera mainly distributed in the tropics. (2) The number in the former category is obviously larger than that in the latter. (3) Endemic species in the former category in the area are over three times as many as those in the latter. The differentiation of species of the temperate distribution genera is obviously stronger than the tropical ones, which characterizes the orchid flora in the area as the temperate one. The life forms of genera. The orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region so far known comprises 91 genera, among which 51 are terrestrial, 32 epiphytic and 8 saprophytic, thus with the terrestrial one dominant. The analysis of species: The orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region so far known comprises 363 species with 9 varieties. Their distribution patterns and floristic components, to which they belong, are indicated as follows: (1) Fifty four species, belonging to 33 genera, are widespread, covering the whole East Asian Region, but 6 of them are endemic to China. (2) Forty four species, belonging to 27 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion, but 22 species of them are endemic to China. (3) One hundred and ninety five species with nine varieties, belonging to 53 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion under discussion: (A) Four species (i.e. Aphyllorchis alpine, Listera divaricata, L. pinetorum and Oreorchis micrantha) are distributed in the Himalayan Region and S. E. Xizang (Tibet), western part of this region. (B) Twenty five species, belonging to 17 genera, are distributed in N. W. Yunnan and the Himalayan Region (Appendix, 1.). (C) Sixteen species, belonging to 11 genera, are distributed in the Himalayan region and W. Sichuan. Among them 6 species occur only with Mt. Emei as the easternmost limit and 10 species occur in the region west of Mt. Emei. (D) Ten species, belonging to 9 genera, are distributed in the Himalayan region, this region and S. Shaanxi, S. Gansu or S. E. Qinghai. (E) Eight species, belonging to 6 genera, are distributed in the Himalayan region and this region. Among them 6 species have their range extending eastwards to Guizhou and 2 species eastwards to Guangxi. (F) Five species, belonging to 5 genera, having their range extending from this region southwards to N. Burma. (G) One handred and twenty seven species with nine varieties are endemic to China behind discussion. (4) (A) Three species (i.e. Anoectochilus moulmeinensis, Bulbophyllum forrestii and Liparis chapaensis) are distributed in Indo-China, Burma and the region. (B) Nine species, belonging to 7 genera, are distributed in Indo-China, N. E. India and this region. (C) Forty six species, belonging to 21 genera, are distributed in Indo-China, the Himalayan Region and this region (Appendix, 2.). (D) Twelve species, belonging to 11 genera, are distributed in Indo-China and this region (Appendix, 3.) 3. The vicarism is obvious in the orchid flora of the Hengduan Mountain Region. There are 10 species-pairs (in genera Calanthe, Tropidia, Anoectochilus, Mischobulbum, Bulbophyllum, Gymnadenia, Pogonia, Tipularia, Tulotis, Orchis, etc.) of the horizontal vicarism and 7 species-pairs (in genera Epigeneium, Epipogium, Platanthera, Pogonia, etc.) of the vertical vicarism in the region. 4. The endemic species are prolific in the region. In the orchid flora of the Hengduan Mountain Region there are 155 species and 9 varieties endemic to China: (1) Six species are widespread in the whole East-Asian Region. (2) Twenty two species are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. (3) One hundred and twenty seven species with nine varieties are the elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion. Among them 69 species with 5 varieties are endemic to the region (Appendix, 4.), making up 19% of the total in the region; other 58 species with 4 varieties are distributed in the region and neighbouring regions or provinces of it (Appendix, 5.). 5. Remarkable differentiation of the orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region is shown by evident vicarism and abundance of endemic elements, exampled by Amitostigma, Herminium, Orchis, Cypripedium, Platanthera, etc. and one group of Platanthera, which is confined to the south fringe of the Xizang (Tibet) Plateau-Hengduan Mountain Region. The group consists of 12 species, of which one (P. edgeworthii) is distributed in the Western Himalayas from Hazara in Pakistan to Kumaun in India, and all the other 11 species (i.e.P. stenantha, P. bakeriana, P. roseotincta, P. deflexilabella, P. longiglandula, P. exilliana, P. chiloglossa, P. leptocaulon, P. platantheroides, P. clavigera and P. latilabris) occur in China, with 3 of them (i.e.P. deflexilabella, P. longiglandula and P. chiloglossa) endemic to China. According to their structure of gynostemum and form of labellum they belong to Platanthera without question, although they are different from the other members of Platanthera in stigma convex (not concave) and sepals mammillary-ciliate, stigma exhibits a series of evolutionary trends in part of species, from stigma single, convex, elliptic and located near rear of spur mouth (in P. stenantha) to stigma single, suddle, and located near front of spur mouth (in P. bakeriana) and to stigma double, separate and located at front of spur mouth in the other ten species. The group in Platanthera is only confined to the area from the south fringe of the Xizang (Tibet) Plateau to the Hengduan Mountain Region. It seems that the genus has been affected by intense lift of the area, causing variation and differentiation and giving rise to the group due to the long-term natural selection. Mt. Emei in Sichuan Province is the eastern limit of distribution of the group, where there are three spcies, among which two (P. deflexilabella and P. longiglandula) are endemic to the mountains. In addition, among Risleya (1 species), Diphylax (3 species) and Diplomeris (2 species), three genera typical of distribution in the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, Risleya and Diphylax have Mt. Emei as their eastern limit. Eleven species, belonging to elements of the SinoJapanese Subregion, occur only from Japan to Western Sichuan with Mt. Emei as the western limit. Among nine species, belonging to elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, six occur from the Himalayas to W. Sichuan and three of them are endemic to the Hengduan Mountain Region, with Mt. Emei as their eastern limit of distribution. There are eight endemic species and one variety of orchids in Mt. Emei, making up about 11.59% of the total endemic species in the Hengduan Mountain Region. Orchid floristic elements in Mt. Emei are obviously different from those in Mt. Jinfo, the former being mainly of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, while the latter being mainly of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. From the distribution patterns of the orchid floristic elements in the Hengduan Mountain Region and Eastern China, the Emei Mountain is considered important for drawing a boundary line between the Sino-Japanese Subregion and the Sino-Himalayan Subregion. The discussion may be summarized as follows: the floristic features of the orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region are: (1) rich in species, complex in geographical components, eminent vicarism and differentiation, and prolific in endemic species; (2) terrestrial life form is dominant one; (3) mainly consisting of temperate and subtropical East-Asian elements, es pecially, elements of Sino-Himalayan Subregion, though with some tropical elements and elem-ents of other regions.     

贡嘎山东坡植物区系的垂直分布格局

为了探讨贡嘎山植物区系的垂直分化特征及其与周边地区植物区系的联系,结合样带法与样方法,对贡嘎山东坡垂直植被带进行了调查,统计得出各垂直植被带的科、属的物种数量,分析了科、属、种级区系成分的构成及其沿海拔梯度的分布格局,并对各垂直植被带区系的相似性进行了聚类分析。结果表明：1)贡嘎山植物区系在整体上具有温带性质,但在干旱河谷地带,热带和温带区系成分的比例相当：热带成分的构成和分布反映古热带和古地中海区系的残遗性影响;2)东亚(含亚型)和东亚-北美成分对贡嘎山中部森林植物区系的影响最大,这些成分以温带古老性质为主;3)北温带成分是贡嘎山植物区系的主体之一,对青藏高原隆升以来贡嘎山植物区系进化类群和特有成分的发展有主要贡献,代表区系的年轻组分;4)中国特有种类型多样,占不同垂直植被带物种数量的40％-65％,其比例随海拔上升而增大。各类型比例的垂直变化突出反映了贡嘎山及横断山脉中海拔地段的植物区系与华中地区的联系,以及高海拔地段与青藏高原及东喜马拉雅的区系之间的联系。本文还就贡嘎山在生物地理分布上的意义以及贡嘎山和横断山脉植物区系特有性的性质进行了讨论。     

云南常绿阔叶林的植被地理研究

云南具有极其丰富的生物多样性和以常绿阔叶林为优势的植被类型。该研究利用6个基于样方层面的1 hm²样地资料, 以及通过对整个植被类型的植物区系的调查, 对云南常绿阔叶林植被型的3个植被亚型(季风常绿阔叶林、半湿润常绿阔叶林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林)的生态外貌特征、植物区系组成及其生物地理演化进行了研究。在样方层面, 尽管这3个常绿阔叶林在树种组成上优势种均为壳斗科、樟科和山茶科植物, 但它们在种类组成、多样性、生态外貌和生物地理特征上呈现多样化。分布在南部及西南部的季风常绿阔叶林物种组成极其丰富, 具有热带森林的生态外貌, 并以热带亚洲分布种为优势种。主要分布在云南高原的半湿润常绿阔叶林和云南中部和北部山地的中山湿性常绿阔叶林具有亚热带常绿阔叶林的生态外貌特征和以中国-喜马拉雅及中国特有种占优势, 是中国西南独特的植被类型。在植被亚型层面, 这3个常绿阔叶林的植物区系(包括所有生活型的种子植物)中种数最多的科, 按地理成分均为世界分布型的科, 含种数较少的科则为其他各种分布型的科。半湿润常绿阔叶林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林的植物区系, 热带分布属分别占总属数的44.91%和44.04%, 温带分布属占46.29%和48.19%, 其中北温带分布属比例最高, 分别为18.36%和19.95%。季风常绿阔叶林植物区系则显示了不同的地理成分格局: 热带分布属占总属数的78.05%, 并以热带亚洲分布属占最高比例。通过对这3个常绿阔叶林的比较发现, 半湿润常绿阔叶林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林除生态外貌特征有一定区别外, 在植物区系组成和地理成分上很接近, 它们在种的组成上, 与季风常绿阔叶林的类似性仅为17.1%和15.4%。季风常绿阔叶林因其在植物区系和生态外貌上与后二者区别明显, 建议在云南植被分类上划分一个独立的植被型, 它是东南亚低山常绿阔叶林分布在中国西南部热带北缘山地的一个植被类型。结合云南的地质历史和古植物学资料, 认为云南的常绿阔叶林及其植物区系受晚中新世以来的地质历史事件深刻影响。半湿润常绿阔叶林是中国西南独特而特有种丰富的植被类型, 由于严重的人为干扰破坏, 现已片段化或成为萌生灌丛状, 应给予优先保护。     

无量山半湿润常绿阔叶林的区系特征及保护生物学意义

无量山半湿润常绿阔叶林是其垂直带上重要的植被类型,目前面临被彻底毁灭的危险,从这类森林及相应地段的177种优势和常见植物的种类结构分析看,只有热带亚洲的成分,东亚中的中国－喜马拉雅成分和中国特有成分贯穿乔木A,B,C层,灌木层,草本和层外植物几大类中,而中国特有种的进一步分析表明了它的区系成分的亚热带性质,温带性质不是很显著,在无量半山湿润常绿阔叶林地段,还存在一些原生植被破坏后产生的次生落叶阔叶加以保护,因之有这么多的特点,加之其为重要特有类群和保护种类聚集的场所,该类植被明显具有不同层次的保护生物学意义。     

广西金钟山自然保护区主要植被类型的特征

金钟山自然保护区计有种子植物101科273属514种,落叶栎林分布面积最广。随海拔升高,植被依次呈现出4个分布带:沟谷落叶阔叶林、沟谷常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林和落叶阔叶林、山地苔藓矮林和山地常绿阔叶林。该区主要有4个分布区类型:世界分布、热带分布、温带分布和中国特有分布,其中热带分布占总属数的75.21%,表明本保护区的植物分布具有热带性质。其天然植被类型可划分为5个植被型组,7个植被型含暖性针叶林、暖性落叶阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林、竹林和草丛,2个植被亚型含南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林、山顶阔叶矮林,以及33个群系。     

广西常绿阔叶林分类系统及特点

常绿阔叶林是广西分布最广泛、最为复杂多样的植被类型.遵循《中国植被》一书的植被分类原则,并参考宋永昌先生的《中国常绿阔叶林分类试行方案》.根据高级单位以生态外貌、中级单位以优势度类型、低级单位以特征种组的分类原则,将广西常绿阔叶林划分出5个植被亚型、11个群系组和102个群系.在5个植被亚型中,典型常绿阔叶林和季风常绿...     

中国蔷薇科绣线菊亚科的演化、分布——兼述世界绣线菊亚科植物的分布

绣线菊亚科是蔷薇科最原始的亚科,共有22属260余种, 包括常绿和落叶两大类群,前者是 原始类型。我国有8属100种,全都为落叶性。本文着重讨论中国各属的起源、演化和分布等 ,同时也概述全亚科植物在世界各植物区的分布等问题。绣线菊属Spiraea是该亚科落叶类群中最原始的属,它在早期发生趋异进化,衍生出形态各异而亲缘关系密切 的不同属,本文阐明了中国各属的系统位置和属间的亲缘关系。通过对我国各属地理分布的 分析对比,属的分布区可归纳为5个类型。对全球绣线菊亚科植物在世界各植物区中的属、种数统计表明,东亚区有8属105种,其中有96个特有种,是该亚科植物分布最多而又最集中 地区,具有在系统发育上处于各主要演化阶段的落叶类型,因此,东亚区是全球绣线菊亚科植 物的现代分布和分化中心,也是落叶类群发生和发展的关键地区。在北美洲,从马德雷区至落基山区一带分布着11属46种,均为特有种,显然北美洲西部也是该亚科植物的现代分布中心,但可能是第二分布中心。南美洲至今保存2个较古老的常绿属,即Quillaja和K ageneckia,基于此,南美洲可能是绣线菊亚科某些常绿属早期分化和发展的关键地区 。中国绣线菊亚科植物在东亚区占绝对优势,有8属82种,其中有62个特有种,分别占该区属 、种和 特有种数的100%、82%、和65%, 这些类群分布最密集地区是在中国喜马拉雅森林植物亚区 中的横断山脉地区和中国日本森林植物亚区的西部,这一带是中国绣线菊亚科的现代分布和多样性中心,很可能是某些属的发源地。由此看来,绣线菊亚科的落叶属可能起源于劳亚古陆。据化石记载,该亚科植物的起源时间可以追溯到白垩纪早白垩世。     

中国粗叶本属（茜草科）的植物地理研究

本文研究了中国产粗叶本属植物３０种４亚种和７变种的地理分布,划分出三个分布区类型,十二个变型和四个亚变型。根据种多度和分布特征,中国粗叶本属植物在分布上表现出与中国的热带雨林、季雨林区,南亚热带常绿阔叶林带和中亚热带常绿阔叶林带相匹配的分布规律,并受几条植物地理界线的作用。通过对地理替代类群和一些特殊分布式样的分析,显示了所谓的“田中线”和一条北起四川峨眉向南经贵州西南部至广西西部的界线对粗叶木种的分布,特别是对中国－喜马拉雅和中国－日本替代分布具有明显的作用。这导致笔者认为“田中线”作为中国－日本分布的西界而另一第线作为中国－喜马拉雅分布的东界。进一步的分析还揭示由云南南部沿缅甸、泰国向南延伸的横断山余脉既充做一条植物南－北迁移的通道又是一条中南半岛西部（印－缅）与东部（印度支那－华南）的植物地理界线。