植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞和免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用

【目的】研究植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖(EPS)对RAW264.7巨噬细胞和免疫抑制小鼠免疫活性的影响。【方法】从植物乳杆菌JLK0142培养液中分离纯化EPS,采用体外细胞培养,测定EPS对巨噬细胞增殖、吞噬活性和一氧化氮(NO)分泌的影响;采用环磷酰胺构建免疫抑制小鼠模型,灌胃不同剂量的EPS,分别测定小鼠脾脏指数、T淋巴细胞增殖活力及血清中IL-2和TNF-α水平。【结果】植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖在50–800μg/m L浓度范围内能促进正常状态RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖,显著提高巨噬细胞的吞噬活性及NO的分泌量;与模型组相比,EPS中、高剂量组小鼠脾脏指数和T淋巴细胞增殖活力显著提高;EPS高剂量组小鼠血清中IL-2和TNF-α含量显著提高。【结论】植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖能有效提高RAW264.7巨噬细胞的免疫活力,并拮抗环磷酰胺对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用。     

红毛五加多糖不同组分对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫功能的研究

本文研究红毛五加多糖不同组分(AHP-I、AHP-II、AHP-III)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫调节功能的影响,为进一步阐明红毛五加多糖对小鼠免疫调节作用机制奠定基础。采用不同浓度的3种多糖组分作用于小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,测定其对巨噬细胞吞噬中性红、释放NO能力、分泌IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平的影响。最后结果是红毛五加多糖的3种不同组分对小鼠免疫细胞有不同的刺激能力。其中,AHP-II可极其显著地增强吞噬细胞的吞噬功能,促进其合成NO,促进巨噬细胞细胞因子的分泌。因此红毛五加多糖能激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,其中,AHP-II是最重要的作用组分。     

蝉虫草菌丝体胞内和胞外多糖抗肝细胞氧化损伤比较研究

蝉虫草（蝉花）作为我国传统的中药材,是一种药食两用的虫生真菌,因含有丰富的活性物质而具有广泛的医疗保健价值。本研究以自由基清除率为指标分析蝉虫草胞内和胞外多糖的化学抗氧化活性,再以H₂O₂诱导的人肝LO2细胞氧化损伤为模型,进而分析比较二者对肝细胞氧化应激损伤的改善作用。结果表明,在化学抗氧化能力比较上,蝉虫草菌丝体胞外多糖有效清除?OH自由基、ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的EC₅₀值分别为1.06mg/mL、0.96mg/mL和0.63mg/mL,而胞内多糖的EC₅₀值分别为3.71mg/mL、2.83mg/mL和1.70mg/mL,表明蝉虫草胞外多糖的化学抗氧化能力更强;在改善细胞氧化应激损伤比较上,与模型组对比,二者均能随着浓度递增而显著地提高细胞存活率,但胞外多糖比胞内多糖更强,当多糖浓度为5mg/mL时,胞外多糖细胞存活率达到92.36%,胞内多糖只达到82.07%;在调节细胞抗氧化酶清除ROS的机制上,与模型组对比,胞外多糖分别上调SOD酶活力2.51倍和CAT酶活力2.91倍,极显著地降低了细胞ROS水平（P<0.01）来改善细胞的氧化应激损伤作用。相应地,胞内多糖只上调了1.85倍和2.33倍,显著性地清除了ROS（P<0.05）,表明蝉虫草菌丝体胞外多糖具有更显著的抗肝细胞氧化损伤作用。本研究结果显示蝉虫草菌丝体胞外和胞内多糖均具有良好的抗肝氧化损伤活性,且胞外多糖比胞内多糖活性更好,为蝉虫草菌丝体多糖在保肝产品中的开发和应用提供了科学依据。     

一种双歧杆菌胞外多糖免疫调节功能研究

根据保健食品功能评价规范?功能学评价程序研究一种双歧杆菌胞外多糖(Bifidobacterium spp. exopolysaccharide, EPS)的免疫调节功能。通过脾淋巴细胞增殖反应、绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH)、血清溶血素测定以及巨噬细胞吞噬实验探讨该EPS的免疫调节活性。EPS分别以高、中、低剂量组连续口服给药10天, 结果发现低剂量的EPS[100 mg/(kg·d)]可以促进脾淋巴细胞增殖; 高、中、低剂量对绵羊红细胞诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应均无促进作用; 但是, EPS 高、中、低剂量组均能明显提高小鼠血清半数溶血值HC50以及增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬能力。根据规范可知, 该双歧杆菌EPS 具有一定的免疫调节活性。     

绿原酸对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫调节作用的研究

研究绿原酸(Chlorogenic acid,CGA)对静息状态及脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)激活状态下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响。采用不同浓度的绿原酸作用于静息的和经LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞活力,中性红吞噬实验检测巨噬细胞吞噬能力,Griess法检测NO的产生,酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测巨噬细胞细胞培养上清液中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10的分泌水平。试验结果表明在正常状态及LPS激活状态下,绿原酸均能提高下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的代谢活力、增强吞噬能力、增加NO、促炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α的分泌量,降低抑炎性细胞因子IL-10的分泌量,且作用效果呈剂量依赖性。     

虫草发酵多糖的提取,结构分析及生物活性研究

采用热水浸提法从虫草发酵菌粉中获得水溶性虫草发酵多糖(CY),该多糖以中性糖为主要成分,分子量为9.3×103g/mol,主链由β糖苷键连接,单糖组成为木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖。利用还原力、羟基自由基和DPPH体系对提取得到的多糖进行体外抗氧化活性测定,并以小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW 264.7模型对其进行免疫增强作用的测定。结果表明,该多糖具有较好的抗氧化性,并且呈现出一定的量效关系;能促进小鼠单核巨噬细胞增殖,并增强巨噬细胞分泌NO和TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-12等细胞因子的能力,提示该多糖具有一定的免疫增强功能。     

日本虫草子实体多糖抗氧化及免疫调节作用

为明确日本虫草子实体多糖（CJPs）的抗氧化活性及免疫调节作用,本研究以子实体为原料,采用热水浸提法得多糖,通过对ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基、·OH自由基清除能力评价CJPs的体外抗氧化活性;探讨CJPs对氢化可的松诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用。结果表明,CJPs对ABTS、DPPH、·OH自由基均有明显的清除效果,且存在量效关系,IC₅₀分别为0.165、0.098、0.253mg/mL;灌胃CJPs的小鼠与模型组相比,免疫器官指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数、血清中细胞因子水平、免疫球蛋白含量均有所提高,脾脏中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活力显著增强（P<0.05或P<0.01）。该研究表明CJPs是一种潜在的抗氧化剂,并能显著提高免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能,为其进一步研究和应用提供了科学依据。     

海胆黄多糖SEP对S180的体内抑制作用

研究海胆黄多糖SEP对S180肉瘤的抑制作用及初步机制。MTT法检测SEP对体外培养的S180细胞生长的抑制作用;建立小鼠S180肉瘤模型观察SEP抗肿瘤活性;检测SEP协同ConA/LPS刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖作用;同时,考察SEP对NK细胞和杀伤性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lym-phocyte,CTL)活性的影响;碳粒廓清检测SEP对小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。研究表明,海胆黄多糖SEP高中低剂量(16、8、4 mg/kg)显著抑制小鼠180实体瘤生长,增加小鼠脾指数和胸腺指数,协同ConA/LPS刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,提高小鼠NK细胞和CTL活性,增强小鼠单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,通过免疫调节提高小鼠免疫功能达到抑制S180作用。     

鳞柄小奥德蘑多糖对巨噬细胞免疫功能的调节作用

研究鳞柄小奥德蘑多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。采用灌洗腹腔法收集小鼠巨噬细胞,建立其体外培养体系;采用鸡血红细胞法、荧光探针标记、总一氧化氮检测和酶联免疫吸附试验等方法分别检测巨噬细胞吞噬能力、NO合成量、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-6和白细胞介素-12等的分泌量。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,鳞柄小奥德蘑多糖能显著增强体外培养和腹腔内巨噬细胞的吞噬能力和NO合成量,增加体外培养的小鼠巨噬细胞对肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-6和白细胞介素-12等细胞因子的分泌量。因此,鳞柄小奥德蘑多糖可能通过提高细胞对NO和多种免疫相关信号分子的分泌量,增强细胞的吞噬能力,进而调节小鼠巨噬细胞的免疫功能。     

恰麻古多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7体外免疫调节作用初探

初步探讨恰麻古粗多糖BRP、中性多糖BRNP-1、BRNP-2及酸性多糖BRAP-1、BRAP-2对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的免疫调节作用。实验方法选用CCK-8法检测不同质量浓度各恰麻古多糖组对巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞增殖率的影响;以中性红法观察各组恰麻古多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7吞噬活性的影响;Griess法测定恰麻古多糖致巨噬细胞RAW264.7对NO的释放水平;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)试剂盒检测细胞因子TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子)与IL-6(白介素-6)分泌水平。实验结果显示不同质量浓度各恰麻古多糖组能够显著提高巨噬细胞RAW264.7增殖率与对中性红的吞噬活性,并能够刺激巨噬细胞释放NO,且促进其TNF-α及IL-6分泌水平。通过实验,初步验证了各恰麻古多糖具有良好的生物活性,并对巨噬细胞RAW264.7具有免疫调节作用。     

Studies on the interactions of immunostimulated macrophages and Yersinia enterocolitica O:8

Immunological and electron microscopy investigations of the phagocytic and killing activities of peritoneal macrophages from rats and mice against Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8 cells were performed. The effect of in vivo application of cytoplasmic membranes (CM) from the stable Escherichia coli WF+ L-form on macrophage activity was also studied. It was established that rat macrophages more actively phagocytosed the plasmidless pYV(-) Y. enterocolitica cells, compared to the plasmid-bearing pYV(+) Y. enterocolitica cells. The killing ability against both variants of the Y. enterocolitica strain was significantly enhanced in macrophages from CM-treated rats after 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h incubation. The CM treatment enhanced the phagocytic activity of the macrophages. The in vitro interaction of normal and immunostimulated rat macrophages with both pYV(+) and pYV(-) variants of Y. enterocolitica did not lead to any additional apoptotic and necrotic changes in macrophages compared to control macrophages, which were cultivated without Y. enterocolitica. Electron-microscopic investigation showed that mouse macrophages eliminated Y. enterocolitica pYV(+) cells in vivo after 24 h. No engulfed or digested bacterial cells were observed. Activation of cell surfaces and vacuolization of macrophage cytoplasm, both of CM-treated non-infected and infected mice, were observed. The experimental results showed that Y. enterocolitica pYV(+) cells could be eliminated by peritoneal macrophages.     

Effect of orexin-A on phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage in starved rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fasting-induced orexin-A (OXA) on inflammation and macrophage phagocytic activity. Fifty six male wistar rats were fasted for 36 h to stimulate OXA synthesis. In 24 rats, air pouches were induced subcutaneously in the intrascapular area. After (6 h) carrageenan injection into the pouches, the contents of the air pouches were removed. The exudate volume, protein content and cell count were measured. After the determination of fasting on inflammation, the peritoneal macrophages were collected from 32 rats to investigate the effect of fasting-induced OXA on macrophage phagocytic activity. Plasma OXA levels were markedly higher in fasted rats compared with control rats. The phagocytic capability of peritoneal macrophages was obtained as a percentage of phagocytosing macrophages and number of phagocytosed particles per cell. In spite of increased blood OXA level SB-334867, selective orexin type 1 receptor antagonist (10 mg/kg) did not change phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. These findings indicate that 36 h fasting-induced OXA has no significant effect to phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages.     

Suppressive effect of streptomycin on the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages for Histoplasma capsulatum

Streptomycin inhibited the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages forHistoplasma capsulatum. The inhibitory effect was demonstrable following both in vitro and in vivo administration of drug. The observations from examination by direct smear were confirmed by culturing for viable phagocytized organisms. A simple and reproducible technique for the counting of viable phagocytized organisms was developed. Forty-eight hours in vitro treatment of macrophage cultures with 10 to 200 µg/ml of streptomycin produced a graded inhibition of phagocytic activity, minimal at 10 µg/ml and maximal at 200 µg/ml of streptomycin. The parenteral administration of streptomycin significantly reduced phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages forH. capsulatum. Mice were treated daily with the subcutaneous injections of 5, 2.5 or 1 mg streptomycin or saline. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment phagocytic activity of macrophages obtained from these mice was tested. There was a progressive, dose-dependent decrease in the phagocytic activity of macrophages derived from streptomycin-treated mice.     

真菌多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

利用筛选的9383多糖、944、945三种多糖提取液按一定比例注入小鼠腔,能明显提高巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,与对照组相比,前者增加3．2—4．7倍,后者增加2．8—5．9倍,抗疲劳试验中,多糖组小鼠游泳时间比对照组平均多游20分钟,表明真菌多糖能使小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能增强,具有增强机体能量,强身健体之功效,是一种很好的非特异性免疫激活剂。     

扇贝糖胺聚糖对感染HSV-Ⅰ小鼠免疫功能的影响研究

目的:研究扇贝裙边糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycan from Scallop Skirt,SS-GAG)对感染单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(herpes simplex virus type,HSV-Ⅰ)小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:通过在无菌条件下给予小鼠注射扇贝糖胺聚糖SS-GAG,连续11天,并在给药第三天给小鼠腹腔注射HSV-Ⅰ病毒悬液建立小鼠感染模型,用MTT等方法观察SS-GAG对HSV-Ⅰ感染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响、对脾脏指数、胸腺指数的影响以及对脾淋巴细胞转化能力等免疫指标的影响。结果:与病毒对照组相比,扇贝糖胺聚糖SS-GAG低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组均能显著增强HSV-Ⅰ感染小鼠的腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性和HSV-Ⅰ感染小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数(P0.01),并且能促进其脾淋巴细胞转化增殖能力(P0.01)。结论:扇贝糖胺聚糖在体内有一定的抗Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒作用。其抗病毒作用可能与增强机体免疫功能有关。     

Motion of spin-labeled fatty acids in murine macrophages. Relation to cellular phagocytic activity.

Macrophage membrane fluidity was investigated with respect to cellular phagocytic activity through the use of fatty acid spin labels. Spin-labeled fatty acid derivatives were incorporated into intact mouse peritoneal macrophages by exchange from bovine serum albumin. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the spin-labeled fatty acids in the macrophages showed a pronounced temperature dependence and a decrease in the hyperfine splittings (2 T11) of the spectra as the nitroxide radical was moved away from the polar head group of the fatty acid derivatives. Spin-labeled macrophages underwent a time- and temperature-dependent decay, which was inhibited by preincubating the cells with mercuric chloride, heating at 56 degrees C, or by fixing them with 0.25% glutaraldehyde. No correlation between the phagocytic activity of macrophages and membrane freedom of motion could be demonstrated. Treatment of macrophages with anti-macrophage serum or extended in vitro cultivation inhibited cellular phagocytic activity but exerted no effect on the motional freedom of the macrophage membrane. Enrichment of the fatty acid composition of the macrophage membrane with cis- or trans-unsaturated fatty acids had striking effects on cellular phagocytic activity, while no significant changes could be detected in the freedom of motion of incorporated fatty acid spin labels at the degree of specific enrichment achieved here. Thus no correlation between cellular phagocytic activity and lipid motion could be detected.     

扇贝糖胺聚糖对感染HSV-I小鼠免疫功能的影响研究

目的：研究扇贝裙边糖胺聚糖（glycosaminoglycan from Scallop Skirt,SS—GAG）对感染单纯疱疹病毒I型（herpes simplex virustype,HSV-I）小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：通过在无菌条件下给予小鼠注射扇贝糖胺聚糖SS．GAG,连续11天,并在给药第三天给小鼠腹腔注射HSV—I病毒悬液建立小鼠感染模型,用MTT等方法观察SS—GAG对HSV—I感染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响、对脾脏指数、胸腺指数的影响以及对脾淋巴细胞转化能力等免疫指标的影响。结果：与病毒对照组相比,扇贝糖胺聚糖SS-GAG低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组均能显著增强HSV．I感染小鼠的腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性和HSV—I感染小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数（P〈0．01）,并且能促进其脾淋巴细胞转化增殖能力（P〈0．01）。结论：扇贝糖胺聚糖在体内有一定的抗I型单纯疱疹病毒作用。其抗病毒作用可能与增强机体免疫功能有关。     

双歧杆菌对小鼠单核吞噬细胞功能的影响

双歧杆菌是革兰氏阳性无芽胞厌氧菌,是人和动物肠道的正常菌群之一。我们研究了注射双歧杆菌对小鼠单核吞噬细胞功能的影响。注射婴儿双歧杆菌和青春双歧杆菌后小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞酸性磷酸酶含量增加、吞噬试验的吞噬率及吞噬指数明显提高,表明双歧杆菌能增加巨噬细胞吞噬消化功能,以婴儿双歧杆菌为启动剂可从DBA/2小鼠体内诱生肿瘤坏死因子,提示双歧杆菌可调节单核吞噬细胞分泌细胞因子。因此双歧杆菌能激活单核吞噬细胞,促进机体的免疫学反应。推测定居于肠道的双歧杆菌可能是通过移位到体内器官、释放免疫活性成分被肠道中Peryer氏淋巴结群内的巨噬细胞吞噬,从而作用于机体单核吞噬细胞系统。这一推测尚需进一步研究证实。     

Oxidative and phagocytic functions of macrophages during infections induced in mice by Mycobacterium intracellulare and Listeria monocytogenes

The oxidative metabolism (chemiluminescence and H2O2 release) and phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages during chronic infections induced by Mycobacterium intracellulare and more acute infections due to Listeria monocytogenes were studied. In M. intracellulare infections, macrophage chemiluminescence in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was greatest at around 2 weeks, with a 1 week lag phase after infection, while the PMA-triggered H2O2 release was markedly enhanced even 1 d after challenge, and remained high thereafter for up to 10 weeks. The pattern of changes in the phagocytic activity of host macrophages in response to latex beads during this infection resembled the pattern seen with macrophage H2O2 release. In the L. monocytogenes infections, the PMA-triggered chemiluminescence of the host macrophages increased 4 d (in a sublethal infection) and 2 d (in a lethal infection) after bacterial challenge, whereas the PMA-triggered H2O2 release was markedly enhanced as early as 1 d after infection and the elevated level persisted until either the bacteria were eliminated or the animals died. The patterns of changes in phagocytic activity of the host macrophages during L. monocytogenes infection at sublethal and lethal doses differed. In the former, phagocytosis was most active in the early phase of infection, with a peak around day 2, followed by a rapid decrease; in the latter, the phagocytic ability increased more slowly, and remained elevated until the animals died. The results suggest that the macrophages induced by M. intracellulare are in a more activated state than are those induced by L. monocytogenes.     

类球红细菌的免疫活性评价

目的 :评价类球红细菌的免疫活性。方法 :巨噬细胞吞噬试验、淋巴细胞转化试验、IL- 2的诱生和检测试验。结果 :类球红细菌 1号株具有调节和增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能 ,表现在免疫抑制组小鼠用光合细胞灌胃数周后 ,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率提高 6 1% ,吞噬指数提高 5 9% (P<0 .0 1)。在体外实验中 ,光合细菌三种不同抗原 (Ag1 、Ag2 、Ag3 )在一定程度上都有刺激脾淋巴细胞转化功能 ,特别是 Ag3 作用更为明显 ;在正常组 ,刺激指数提高了 6 5 % ;免疫抑制组 ,提高了 38% (P<0 .0 5 )。不管在正常组或免疫抑制组 ,Ag1 、Ag2 、Ag3 都具有诱生脾淋巴细胞产生 IL- 2的活性 ,其中 Ag2 的活性较明显 .结论 :类球红细菌 1号株对机体有一定的免疫活性。