麦迪霉素产生菌具有启动功能的DNA片段的克隆和分析

利用启动子探针质粒载体pIJ486从麦迪霉素产生菌总DNA中克隆得到了一段具有启动功能的DNA片段.通过限制性酶酶切分析,测定插入DNA片段大小为2.3kb.又利用载体pIJ486和pIJ487的新霉素抗性结构基因上游有多酶切点方向相反的性质,分析了插入片段在两个不同方向上的启动能力.结果表明,在两个方向上均有启动功能,但强弱相差六倍.其中在XbaI-HindIII方向上具有较强的启动能力,在变铅青链霉菌中新霉素抗性水平可达20mg/ml以上.进一步对插入片段的三个BamHI小片段进行分析的结果表明,较强启动子区域集中在BamHI-BamHI 0.79kb DNA片段上.     

二倍体与二基体

DiploidandDihasoidShenShuxiang(NantongAgricultureSchoolofJiangsurovince226007)在作物遗传学的教科书上,二倍体的概念都是这样的：在相物体细胞的染色体数目中,包含着两套染色体,一套来自父本的花粉细胞,另一套来自母本的卵细胞。凡是体细胞中含有步套染色体的植物（2n）统称为二倍体。按照这个定义,普通小麦、陆地棉等与水稻、玉米一样,都是二倍体。而实际上,普通小麦是“六倍体”,陆地棉是“四倍体”、由此可见,上述二倍体的概念是不够确切的．为了弄清利么是二倍体,我们先来了解一厂一倍体的概念、在遗传学的染色体变…     

在大肠杆菌中具有启动功能的菠菜叶绿体DNA片段的克隆及序列分析

将经sau3A部分酶切过的菠菜叶绿体DNA(ct DNA),克隆到载体pGA46的BgⅢ位点,得到了具有启动功能的菠菜ct DNA片段,对其中的两个片段进行序列分析后观祭到有与原核生物启动区域相符的保守顺序。由此,本文对片段所具有的启动功能的强弱做了说明。     

麦迪霉素产生菌生米卡链霉菌1748变株68的特性研究

A stable mutant No. 68 was obtained by treatment of S. mycarofaciens 1748 spores at high temperature. The electromicroscopic examination has shown that the mutant No. 68 and parent strain 1748 both have the spore chains of the spiratype. The spores of both strain are cylindrical in shape. The only difference is that the spores of the mutant No. 68 are of smooth surface, but the 1748 are of thorny. The physiological characteristics of both strains are also very similar with slight differences in utilization of few carbon sources and in cultural characters in few medium. Feeding experiment has shown that the mutant No. 68 was blocked in the formation of the macrolide lactone in the midecamycin biosynthetic pathway. This suggested that the mutant No. 68 might be a polyketide synthase genes deficient mutant. The ability of the mutant No. 68 to convert spiramycin into 4"-propionylspiramycin indicated that the mutant No. 68 contained the midecamycin 4"-propionyltransferase and could be used for microbial bioconversion of spiramycin into 4"-propionylspiramycin.     

具有原核基因启动子活性的蓖麻蚕染色体DNA片段

利用大肠杆菌启动子克隆载体pHE5,研究了蓖麻蚕染色体的Hind Ⅲ酶解片段在大肠杆菌中作为四环素抗性基因启动子的功能作用。蓖麻蚕染色体的Hind Ⅲ片段与pHE5重组,在大约10~6个重组子中获得953株启动子重组体。测定了这些含有重组质粒的菌株抗四环素能力,其中有4株在平板上抗四环素水平超过225微克/毫升。对其中pARP201的插入片段进行了限制性图谱分析和启动子活性区域的缺失定位,证明了pARP-DB(由pARP201衍生而来)中的约0.5kb的外源插入片段具有完整的原核启动子功能。我们分析了这段DNA的部分核苷酸顺序,发现它与原核基因启动子极其相似。     

麦迪霉素产生菌生米卡链霉菌1748的质粒Psmyi及其特性的研究

从大环内酯类抗生索麦迪霉素的产生菌生米卡链霉菌1748(Streptomyces,mycarofa-ciens1748)中首次分离到质粒pSMYl DNA,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和电镜观察,测定pSMYl的分子量为7．17×10⁶道尔顿。用限制性内切酶EcoRI、PstI、XhoI、SalI和BamHl酶切该质粒DNA,构成了pSMYl的限制性内切酶酶切图谱。EcoRI、Pstl对该质粒均只有一个切点。pSMYI能转化到变青链霉菌1326(S.lividansl326)菌株中能稳定地存在,且具有形成麻点(pock)的特性。     

瑞拉菌素产生菌的鉴定

自陕西秦岭太白山土壤中分离到 1株编号为S 5 12 0的放线菌。根据对其生物特征鉴定、生理生化特征分析 ,它与链霉菌属中委内瑞拉链霉菌最为相近 ,但菌种S 5 12 0对梨黑星病菌、苹果腐烂病菌等多种引起植物病害的病原真菌有拮抗和溶菌作用 ,故认为S 5 12 0是委内瑞拉链霉菌的一个新变种 ,定名为委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种(Streptomycesvenezuelaevar .qinlingensis.n .Var)。     

快速检查寡聚DNA片段序列的方法

以质粒为模板,用待测寡聚DNA片段和通用测序引物进行PCR（聚合酶链式反应）,PCR片段经纯化后插入到pUC－18或pUC－19的多克隆位点中,然后用通用测序引物测定重组质粒上待测寡聚DNA片段,即可清晰、正确地知道它的序列．     

酶母K.cicerisporus基因组中有启动子功能的DNA片段的克隆

利用以３′－氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶基因（ＡＰＨＩ）为报道基因的一套启动子探针质粒ｐＳＫ－ｋａｎ４０１、ｐＳＫ－ｋａｎ１１０５、ｐＳＫ－ｋａｎ１２３８,从酵母Ｋｌｙｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｉｃｅｒｉｓｐｏｒｕｓ基因组中克隆到８个有较强启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段,分析出３′端ＤＮＡ序列,并在酵母Ｋｌｕｙｖｅｒｏ８ｍｙｃｅｓｅ ｌａｃｔｉｓ中通过检测报告基因与３－磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因（ＡＰＤＨ）的ｍＲＮＡ表达量的比     

灰色链霉菌启动子活性片段在大肠杆菌中的亚克隆及其序列分析

通过对重组质粒No.8-1的亚克隆,灰色链霉菌插入到大肠杆菌载体质粒中的序列已缩小到410bp,仍具有启动子功能。序列分析表明,启动子活性片段的G C碱基组成为50.5%。内含链霉菌启动子区域常有的正向重复序列;有1个Alul位点,1个Clal位点,2个Mbol位点,3个Nla Ⅲ位点,1个Pvu Ⅱ位点;具有类似于E.coli启动子的保守序列-10区和-35区,两者间隔18bp;在相应位置上分别有一段序列与E.coli的SD序列和在苄铅青链霉菌的SEP(Streptomyces-E.coil-type promoter)序列中存在的保守序列具有一定的相似性。     

Cloning of repeated DNA sequences from Streptomyces cattleya

Abstract A number of DNA sequences were cloned from Streptomyces cattleya which hybridized to more than one chromosomal DNA sequence. These sequences were unrelated and have a minimum copy number of between 4 and 10. One of these sequences showed hybridization to multiple DNA fragments from a wide range of other Streptomyces .     

水稻重复序列RRD3在转基因植物中的启动子功能

来源于水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）的一个８２０ｂｐ多拷贝重复序列ＲＲＤ３,含有植物启动子ＴＡＴＡ－ｂｏｘ、ＣＡＡＴ－ｂｏｘ等特征保守基元。用ＲＲＤ３取代Ｔｉ载体ｐＢ１１２１中的ＣａｍＶ ３５Ｓ启动子,通过植物转化鉴定ＲＲＤ３的启动子功能。组织化学分析表明,根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ） Ｃｏｎｎ）ＬＢＡ４４０４转化后     

Promoter Function of a Rice Repetitive DNA Sequence RRD3 in Transgenic Plants

A 820 bp rice (Oryza sativa L.) repetitive DNA sequence, the RRD3, was cloned by annealing kinetics. From the sequence analysis, there are several conserved promoter motifs in the sequence such as TATA-box, CAAT-box, etc. In order to detect the promoter function of RRD3, RRD3 was inserted into Ti plasmid pBI121 to replace the CaMV 35S promoter DNA fragment. Both transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) G28 and rice callus showed the β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity by histochemical assays, the GUS activities of the transgenic tobacco were primarily localized at or around the vascular tissue in leaf and stem. These results indicated that RRD3 can exercise promoter function. The core sequence of promoter of RRD3 will be located.     

盐生盐杆菌RM07 DNA片段在大肠杆菌中的定点诱变和启动子功能分析

将来源于嗜盐古生菌——盐生盐杆菌(Halobacterium halobium)基因组的RM07 DNA片段以正反两个方向分别插入大肠杆菌启动子探针载体pKK232-8携带的报告基因——氯霉素抗性基因(cat)的上游,得到RM07-cat融合的质粒pRM07-1( )和pRM07-1(-),将其分别转入大肠杆菌HB101,进而检测了不同转化子菌株的氯霉素抗性水平和细胞内氯霉素乙酰转移酶蛋白质浓度。结果表明：正向的RM07片段在真细菌(大肠杆菌)中具有启动子活性,能够驱动cat报告基因的表达;而反向的RM07片段在大肠杆菌中不具有启动子活性。对RM07片段进行了定点诱变分析,检测了特定核苷酸突变对启动子活性的影响,结果进一步精确定位了RM07片段中对在大肠杆菌中的启动子功能有重要作用的关键碱基,并且通过改造RM07片段的碱基组成成分大幅提高了其在大肠杆菌中的启动子活性。     

变铅青链霉菌TK24 secE启动子表达特性的研究

通过PCR扩增得到变铅青链霉菌（Streptomyces lividans)TK24 secE基因上游496bp的片段,其序列与S.coelicolor secE启动子序列同源性为99.8%。将该序列克隆到以儿茶酚加氧酶基因（xylE)为报告基因的链霉菌启动子探测质粒pIJ4083上,并转化S.lividans TK24原生质体,获得了重组菌株S.lividans [pIJ4083-secE]。S.lividans[pIJ4083-secE]菌株发酵结果表明,secE启动子为强启动子,活性与vsi基因启动子相当。secE启动子的表达在对数生长期达到高峰,平台期下降;28℃发酵培养时secE启动子活性远高于37℃发酵培养;比较了不同发酵培养基Phage,NB和CM中secE启动子的活性;实验结果还表明培养基中葡萄糖含量对secE启动子的表达有抑制作用。     

Bacterial colony screening with a Streptomyces DNA probe

Restriction fragments of 1.5 kb-3.5 kb length were selected from a SalI digest of Streptomyces coriofaciens ISP5485 DNA. After radiolabelling, these fragments were used as a molecular probe. A number of actinomycetes was screened in colony hybridization. Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium strains were recognized by the probe and the hybridization sensitivity was high with isolated DNA.     

Cloning and characterization of an amplified DNA sequence in chromosomal DNA of Streptomyces aureofaciens 2201

In strain 2201 of Streptomyces aureofaciens, a high copy number amplified DNA sequence (ADS-Sa2201) was found and characterized. The amplified sequence in the chromosomal DNA of this strain forms a stretch of about 10 kb tandemly repeated 100-500 times. In this strain also, extrachromosomal copies of the repeated unit of the ADS-Sa2201 were found. In cloning experiments any autonomous replicon was found on ADS-Sa2201 and it thus can be presumed that the presence of the extrachromosomal copies of the repeated unit of ADS-Sa2201 is only a result of its excision from the chromosome. A part of the repeated unit of ADS-Sa2201 was also found in chromosomal DNA of strain 13 of S. aureofaciens. In this strain no part of ADS-Sa2201 is present extrachromosomally.     

利用DNA改组技术改造aacC1基因启动子活性的研究

从表达质粒pYPX251(GenBank 登陆号：AY178046)中获得aacC1基因启动子,采用DNA改组（DNA shuffling）技术在体外获得突变体。以lacZ作为报告基因,筛选获得活性明显改变的启动子。经过验证,对其中活性变化明显的7个启动子用邻硝基苯基β半乳糖苷(ONPG)作为底物进行表达活性测定。结果表明,获得的强启动子比原来的提高了3～8倍,而弱启动子则活性下降明显,其中3个几乎无活性。进一步对这7个启动子进行了序列分析。