向陆地棉渐渗野生比克氏棉腺体延缓形成基因的方法研究

以隐性无腺体陆地棉作母本,比克氏棉作父本杂交,获得了三倍体杂种［（ＡＤ）１Ｇ１］,该杂种完全表达了比克氏棉的腺体延缓形成基因（Ｇｌ＾ｂｉｃ）的特征,Ｆ９胚无腺体,Ｆ１植株有腺体。位于Ｇ１染色体组上的腺体延缓形成基因Ｇｌ＾ｂｉｃ对陆地棉（ＡＤ）１上的无腺体基因（ｇｌ２ｇｌ３）表现为显性,对正常腺体基因Ｇｌ２Ｇｌ３则表现为隐性。探讨了向陆地棉渐渗野生棉腺体延缓形成基因的方法。     

KM－1d突变株小鼠的模型建立及遗传分析

在饲养经剖腹产净化后的ＫＭ种群时,我们发现了一些后肢畸形的动物、通过挑选后已成为一个稳定遗传的突变株,由于此群体产生的后代１００％均为后肢畸形动物,因此可以认定为１ｄ／１ｄ纯合子动物。命名为ＫＭ—１ｄ小鼠。将ＫＭ－１ｄ纯合子动物与近交系ＤＢＡ／２小鼠杂交得到Ｆ１代,再经Ｆ１代互交或与双亲回交。通过对后代的形态学观察及遗传方式的分析,证明为常染色体隐性单基因遗传。另外,对１３８只ＫＭ－１ｄ畸形小鼠进行解剖观察还发现有４２％的动物在骨骼畸形的同时伴有左侧泌尿系统畸形。因此可以认定ＫＭ－１ｄ小鼠是一种患有骨－肾先天性畸形综合症的动物模型。     

高秆突变体Mh—1的株高遗传研究

Ｍｈ－１是从矮秆品种桂朝２号辐射诱变后代中产生的高秆突变体。用Ｍｈ－１与ｓｄ－１矮秆、非ｓｄ－１矮秆和普通高秆材料杂交,通过对Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｆ３等世代以及测交后代的株高进行遗传分析,结果表明,Ｍｈ－１的高秆特性是由１对隐性抑制基因控制的,该抑制基因能调节ｓｄ－１基因的表达,而对由非ｓｄ－１基因控制的矮秆没有抑制作用,这一隐性抑制基因暂时被定名为ｉ－ｓｄ－１（ｔ）。还讨论了该基因的遗传学意义和可能的育     

棉花种质资源光子性状的遗传分析

文章利用来源于不同国家和地区的102份陆地棉材料和85份海岛棉材料分别与陆地棉遗传标准系TM-1和海岛棉毛子品种新海13号杂交,得到陆地棉和海岛棉两种F₁群体,同时从陆地棉F₁群体中随机选取呈隐性性状的材料"库光子"、"SA65"和"陆无絮"后代,配制3个F₂分离群体,用于进一步研究陆地棉和海岛棉光子性状遗传特征。结果表明:（1）同一材料种植于不同生态区,其种子短绒多少存在变化,新疆和海南要少于安阳,说明棉花短绒多少和生态环境有关系;（2）陆地棉光子材料中26份（25.49%）呈显性遗传,8份（7.84%）呈不完全显性遗传,22（21.57%）份呈隐性遗传;海岛棉光子材料中5份（5.88%）呈显性遗传,16份（18.82%）呈部分显性遗传,9份（10.59%）呈隐性遗传。其余为隐性性状或显性性状不明显材料和毛子材料;（3）库光子的光子性状由两对隐性等位基因控制,并且有互补效应;陆无絮的光子性状由两对隐性等位基因控制,基因间呈积加作用;SA65的光子性状由单隐性基因控制。大量光子材料的初步鉴定为深入研究棉花纤维发育和育种利用提供了基础材料和理论依据。     

陆地棉超矮杆突变性状质量遗传规律分析

分析了陆地棉超矮突变体的质量遗传规律, 结果显示, 该性状是受一对完全隐性基因控制的质量性状; 在国内外未见陆地棉中同类突变的报道, 暂将它的基因符号定为du。该突变体在自然条件下生长, 最终株高仅10.5 cm, 不能正常开花、结铃和吐絮; 但通过外源激素处理, 最终株高可以达57.8 cm, 并能正常结铃吐絮。     

比克氏棉渐渗到陆地棉的花色基因的遗传分析

比克氏棉的红花大基斑性状渐渗到陆地棉,并选育出了稳定的红花大基斑陆地棉纯系（ＨＢＲＬ）。报道了这些红花（Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_３）大基斑（Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_２）陆地棉纯系的遗传连锁实验和连锁分析结果。大基斑（Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_２）对小基斑（Ｒ_２）和无基斑（ｒ_２）为显性,Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_２与Ｒ_２等位,Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_２、Ｒ_２和ｒ_２构成了复等位基因系列。Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_２与Ｌｃ_１连锁,Ｒ．Ｃ％＝３７．３１±２．４４．Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_２与Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_３紧密连锁,并且Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_３对Ｙ_１和ｙ_１具有显性上位作用。建议从比克氏棉渐渗到陆地棉的大基斑的基因符号定为Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_２,红花瓣的基因符号定为Ｒ~（ｂｉｃ）_３。     

转基因棉花的Bt基因流

通过两年实验检测转基因陆地棉品种间和海岛棉与陆地棉种间的Bt基因流.将转基因陆地棉国抗12号种植在12m×12m的样方内,周围分别种植非转基因陆地棉品种中棉所12号和海岛棉品种新海13号,在离转基因棉花不同距离选取样点,采集非转基因棉花种子,利用标记选择基因、Dot朎LISA和PCR扩增检测Bt基因流.结果表明在0～6m内陆地棉品种间显示较高频率的基因流,随着距离的增加Bt基因流降低,最大可达36m;提高样方内转基因棉花纯度,仅增加0～3m内基因流,对较远距离基因流无影响.海陆种间Bt基因流在0～6m内比陆地棉品种间低,但Bt基因流随距离增加下降幅度小,最远达72m.因此,在小规模转基因棉花环境释放实验,可选用同种不同品种棉花作为缓冲隔离带,并讨论了棉花转基因逃离至我国棉属种类的可能性.     

NaCl胁迫下棉花体内Na^＋,K^＋分布与耐盐性

采用盐化土壤方法,选择苗期耐盐性较强的陆地棉品种枝棉３号和中棉所１９及耐盐性较弱的品种泗棉２号和苏棉１２号,研究了盐胁迫下棉苗体内Ｎａ＾＋、Ｋ＾＋的运输和分配与耐盐性的关系。结果表明,耐盐品种根系具有一定的截留Ｎａ＾＋作用。棉花地上部盐分器官水平上的区域化分布特征明显：２００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ胁迫下,枝棉３号叶片中的Ｎａ＾＋含量显著低于泗棉２号,茎及叶柄中的Ｎａ＾＋含量显著高于泗棉２号;棉株地     

棉属海岛棉×拟似棉F_1不育性研究

本文研究了棉属海岛棉［ＧｏｓｓｙｐｉｕｍｂａｒｂａｄｅｎｓｅＬ．,（ＡＤ）２］ｘ拟似棉［Ｇ．ｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｏｉｄｅｓ（Ｕ１ｂｒ）Ｓｔａｎｄｌｅｙ,Ｄ６］Ｆ_１植株的减数分裂及不育花粉的形成过程。Ｆ_１花粉母细胞在减数分裂中期Ｉ平均染色体构型为２４．８６Ⅰ＋６．９８Ⅱ＋０．０５Ⅲ。Ｆ_１不育的根本原因在于减数分裂中期染色体不能正常配对,引起部分染色体滞后及染色体不均等分配,从而产生多分孢子和微核,最终导致不育花粉的产生,并讨论Ｄ６与（ＡＤ）２间的亲缘关系以及克服Ｆ_１不育的方法。     

陆地棉叶形及棉酚腺体变异的遗传研究

阔叶、有棉酚腺体陆地棉干种子经250Gy^60 Coγ射线辐照,在M1代筛选到鸡脚叶γ-1、γ-2和γ-5突变体。3株突变体自交后代（M2）中,阔叶：鸡脚叶：超鸡脚叶的分离比例符合1：2：1;γ—1和γ-2自交后代中的所有棉株均有棉酚腺体;γ-5自交后代中,有棉酚腺体株：无棉酚腺体株的分离比例符合3：1,阔叶、有棉酚腺体株：阔叶、无棉酚腺体株：鸡脚叶、有棉酚腺体株：鸡脚叶、无棉酚腺体株：超鸡脚叶、有棉酚腺体株：超鸡脚叶、无棉酚腺体株的分离比例符合3／16：1／16：6／16：2／16：3／16：1／16。该结果表明,3株突变体的叶形变异由1对不完全显性基因控制,γ-5的无棉酚腺体基因由1对隐性基因控制,且γ-5的叶形基因与棉酚腺体基因为独立遗传。通过对γ-5自交后代各种变异株的SSR标记研究表明,BNL3649、BNL2440度BNL1414为候选标记。为进一步对突变基因进行定位奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.