人体心功能状态综合评价的实验研究

本文介绍了系统地检查和评阶人体心功能的方法。本方法是以多个无创性心功能指标、动态的功能性负荷刺激和数学分析判断方法,对心功能作综合性评价。前先进行安静状态下的检查与评定,排除明显的心脏疾病,并初步评价心功能。其次进行运动负荷的检查与评定,发现早期心脏疾病,挑选优良的泵血功能者。笫三步进行下身负压或低氧运动双负荷的检查与评定,达到对心脏疾病挖潜和选拔调节功能优良者。最后,为了人体心功能的择优,采用运动(或者低氧运动)和下身负压二种检查的联合评价。本方法能显露人体心功能状态的储备和调节能力的优劣,达到发现早期疾病、提高诊断率,择优选拔人体心功能的目的。     

基于B-IBI指数的温榆河生态健康评价

基于温榆河底栖动物和水质采样数据,采用底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)方法,进行温榆河生态健康评价,并探求河流水质与B-IBI指数的相关性。通过分布范围、判别能力以及相关性分析等,确定研究区B-IBI指标体系,包括总分类单元数、总生物量、优势分类单元个体相对丰度、敏感类群分类单元数、生物指数和粘附者个体丰度6个指标。根据参照点25%分位数确定温榆河底栖动物完整性评价标准,即B-IBI>1.821为健康,1.366—1.821为亚健康,0.910—1.366为一般,0.455—0.910为较差,0—0.455为极差。结果表明,温榆河27.3%河段处于健康状态,9.1%河段处于亚健康状态,13.6%河段处于一般状态,50%河段处于较差和极差状态。河流水质与B-IBI指数的相关系数为-0.549,表明生物指标作为水体评价的补充指标十分必要。     

男子赛艇运动员赛前6周训练微循环血流储备能力与相关生化指标的关系

目的：通过对奥运会赛前6周运动员微循环血流储备能力的变化与常规机能指标关系的研究,探讨微循环血流储备能力用于运动员机能状态监控的可行性。方法：以国家赛艇队8名男子轻量级运动员为研究对象,每周一6：30-7：00在安静空腹状态下,指尖采血进行血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞数量（RBC）、血尿素（BU）和血清肌酸激酶（CK）的测试,同时,训练负荷较大的两周以及奥运会前的两周分别进行静脉取血测试睾酮（T）和皮质醇（C）;在相应的时间节点使用PeriFluxSystem 5000激光多普勒血流监测仪对运动员进行微循环血流储备能力测试。结果：运动员肱二头肌微循环血流储备能力与常规机能指标均呈现出一定的相关性,其中与T存在显著性正相关,（P <0.05）,与Hb、C和T/C存在正相关,但不具有显著性（P > 0.05）;与BU和CK存在负相关,且与BU的相关具有显著性（P < 0.05）;结论：微循环血流储备能力在评价训练强度对机体疲劳积累的影响时更敏感,其的变化与常规生化指标变化特点具有一定的一致性,可在一定程度上作为运动员机能状态评价和疲劳程度判断的一项无创性指标。     

类人胶原蛋白-丝素蛋白血管支架的制备及性能表征

为了提高血管支架的力学性能,将生物相容性良好的新型生物材料类人胶原蛋白(基因工程技术、高密度发酵生产)与丝素蛋白以质量比9:1、7:3、5:5复合,采用真空冷冻方法制备管状血管支架。研究了不同配比血管支架材料的表面结构、表面元素组成、力学性能、降解和生物相容性。结果表明:当类人胶原蛋白与丝素蛋白的质量比为7:3混合时,类人胶原蛋白-丝素蛋白管状支架具有均匀的多孔结构,孔径为(60±5)μm,孔隙率达到85%以上;获得了较理想的力学性能:应变为50%±5%,应力为(332±16)kPa;具有相对慢的降解速率;提高了细胞的黏附与增殖,具有良好的生物相容性。     

立位加下身负压耐力与 Gz耐力的关系

用立位75°加-5.333KPa下身负压试验(负-立),检查18名18-25岁健康青年男性,同时作人体离心机 Gz耐力检查。结果发现负-立试验中心血管反应特点与 Gz耐力相一致。不同状态下心血管反应的各个参数输入计算机,进行多元逐步回归处理,筛选出对 Gz贡献率大的13项指标。主要有反映血管调节能力的平均动脉压,脉压和外阻血管阻力,反映心脏调节的SV、CO、SV/HR和HR的动态变化斜率等。作者认为负-立试验时,心血管功能优劣主要由外周血管阻力调节作用和心率的反应决定。负-立试验中心血管反应与 Gz耐力之间存在高度的相关性。根据这种考虑,得到一个回归式: YGz=2.13 2.11×10~(-4)Rb 1.66×10~(-3)SV/HR 0.13tr=0.8473,P<0.001。式中YGz=预测 Gz耐力;Rb=负-立试验中外周血管阻力变化斜率;SV/HR=负-立试验中SV/HR的增长值,t=负-立试验的耐受时间。经用另外10人验证,估测值与实测值的相关系数为0.813,P<0.01。     

异丙肾上腺素激发试验在大鼠酒精性心肌病模型评价中的应用

目的:建立大鼠酒精性心肌病模型,采用异丙肾上腺素激发试验评价模型大鼠心功能。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠以20 g/(kg.d)白酒(52°v/v)灌胃15 d。观察大鼠一般状况、心肌标本病理学及超微结构改变;通过左心室插管、异丙肾上腺素试验(IPT),测量大鼠在不同状态下的左心室内压、收缩压、舒张压、最大收缩速度、最大舒张速度。结果:模型组大鼠心脏舒缩功能降低,心力储备明显下降,心血管系统整体调节能力降低。病理见心肌细胞肥大、坏死,炎症细胞浸润;电镜见线粒体肿胀变形,嵴受损,肌原纤维断裂。结论:高度酒灌胃可使大鼠发生酒精性心肌病,该法稳定可靠。异丙肾上腺素试验(IPT)可准确考察心脏心力储备状况,显现潜在心功能减退。     

生态系统综合评价的内容与方法

生态系统综合评价是系统分析生态系统的生产及服务能力,对生态系统进行健康诊断,做出综合的生态分析和经济分析,评价其当前状态,并预测生态系统今后的发展趋势,为生态系统管理提供科学依据。从总体上讲,综合评价更强调生态系统一系列产品与服务功能之间的权衡,具有很强的实践意义。许多学者对不同的生态系统服务功能进行了经济价值评估,但缺乏对生态系统的产品、服务、健康与管理之间关系的进一步探讨。对生态系统服务功能评价、健康评价的生态管理与预测进行了系统论述,目的是提出生态系统综合评价的框架,指导生态系统评价行动及生态系统管理。     

水利工程对河流生态系统服务功能的影响评价方法初探

通过分析水利工程对河流生态系统服务功能的影响,建立了评价指标体系和定量化的评价方法．评价指标体系包括建立评价指标的原则、对河流生态系统服务功能的分类和指标确定等．本文将河流生态系统的服务功能分为四类即供水及与供水量相关的航运和水电功能、生态支持功能、调节控制功能和文化美学功能．依据不同的功能类型,应用以前的研究成果,针对水利工程产生的生态效应如生物多样性的变化和河流净化功能的变化,确定了不同的调度指标,并建立了相应的数量化评价方法,主要包括指效法和BOD-DO模型方法,这些方法特有助于对水利工程的生态环境效应进行深入的分析与评价。     

松弛素在心血管疾病中的研究进展

松弛素是一类新近发现可作用于心血管的肽类激素,参与心血管系统的生理和病理过程。大量实验研究显示松弛素有扩血管、改善心血管重塑及调节炎症反应的心血管保护作用,也有利于改善高凝状态和胰岛素抵抗。松弛素作用广泛,可与松弛素受体或糖皮质激素受体结合,但其受体后的确切机制以及不同生理和病理状态对松弛素的调控还需进一步基础研究阐明。在从实验室到临床应用转化的初期临床试验中可观察到,人重组松弛素治疗急慢性心力衰竭安全性好,可改善症状、血流动力学指标及近期预后,为Ⅲ期临床试验奠定了基础,其临床应用前景令人期待。     

局部肾素—血管紧张素系统对心血管功能的调节作用

传统的肾素－血管紧张素系统的概念是一个循环内分泌系统,它在维持心血管功能,尤其对动脉血压的调节有重要意义。近年大量资料证明,ＲＡＳ也存在于许多局部组织,它通过旁分泌或自身分泌作用调节器官的生理功能。本文着重介绍ＲＡＳ在血管、心脏、脑和肾脏内存在及对心血管功能的调节作用。     

The athlete's heart Part I (Review)

Importance of the athlete's heart has been arisen in the last decades.

Consequences of the sedentary way of life are the most threatening through the impairments of the cardiovascular system. Endurance performance is mostly limited by the characteristics of the athlete's heart. Sudden death of the athletes is always associated with cardiac disorders.

Main characteristics of the athlete's heart can be divided into morphologic, functional and regulatory ones.

The main morphologic characteristics are the physiologic left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and a richer coronary capillary network. The functional adaptation contains a better systolic and diastolic function, modified metabolism and electric characteristics. The most easily detected modification is the better LV diastolic function. Adaptation of the cardiac regulation is manifested mostly by a lower heart rate (HR).

Summarizing: the athlete's heart is an enlarged but otherwise normal heart characterized by a low heart rate, an increased pumping capacity, and a greater ability to deliver oxygen to skeletal muscle.     

Reactions of the autonomic nervous system of students with different characteristics of higher nervous activity in the situation of examination stress

The influence of examination stress on the reactions of the autonomic nervous system in students with different levels of functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP) was studied. More intense functioning of the cardiovascular system and the strain of all regulatory mechanisms during examination stress were characteristic of individuals with low FMNP, whereas students with high FMNP values were characterized by a weaker strain of the mechanisms of cardiac rhythm regulation, more economical activity of the cardiovascular system, and better performance on the examinations. The activation of humoral, metabolic, and sympathetic effects was observed in all the subjects under examination stress, along with decreased parasympathetic effects on the cardiac rhythm.     

个体化康复运动训练联合八段锦运动对冠心病PCI术后患者心功能、生活质量和心境状态的影响

目的:观察个体化康复运动训练联合八段锦运动对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后心功能、心境状态和生活质量的影响。方法:选取2017年9月-2018年9月期间来我院接受治疗的100例冠心病PCI术后患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各50例。对照组患者在常规治疗的基础上接受个体化康复运动训练,研究组患者在对照组的基础上联合八段锦运动。观察两组心功能、生活质量和心境状态变化情况。统计两组6个月内心血管不良事件发生率。结果:干预后,两组患者6 min步行试验(6MWT)距离、左心室射血分数(LVEF)均较干预前升高,且研究组的变化程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,两组患者紧张-焦虑、抑郁-沮丧、愤怒-敌意、疲乏-迟钝、迷惑-混乱评分均较干预前下降,精力-活力、与自我有关的情绪评分较干预前升高,且研究组的变化程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组6个月内的心血管不良事件发生率低于对照组,但是两组组间对比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。干预后,两组总体/精神健康、精力、情感/生理职能、躯体疼痛、生理/社会功能各维度评分升高,且研究组较对照组高(P<0.05)。结论:八段锦运动联合个体化康复运动训练可促进冠心病PCI术后患者心功能、生活质量和心境状态改善,同时还可控制心血管不良事件发生风险。     

Methods in molecular cardiology: proteome analysis

Proteins are involved in virtually every cellular function, they control regulatory mechanisms and are modified in diseases (either cause or effect). To understand the function and adaptation of a cell, the researcher has to be able to identify proteins and visualise the concentrations and form in which the proteins are expressed. The technique is called ''proteomics'' or ''proteome analysis''. In this article proteomics will be explained from starting material to detection and analysis of the individual proteins. It will give an indication of the work involved and how it can be implemented in cardiovascular research.     

A period of urgent postnatal adaptation as a critical stage of human ontogenesis

The infant's state immediately after delivery is characterized by critical shifts of homeostasis parameters: decompensated mixed acidosis, pathologic indices of gaseous blood condition (arterial hypoxemia and hypercapnia), spontaneous postnatal hypothermia. Qualitative change of functional systems after delivery is accompanied by expressed tense of adaptation and regulation mechanisms and by centralization of cardiac rhythm control. The use of mathematical analysis of cardiac rhythm made it possible to find out that the change of degree of adaptation tense in the process- of postnatal period obeys the exponential dependence; moreover, the duration of transitional process of healthy newborns is 1 hour, but it considerably increases in case of hypoxia. After comparison of cardiac rhythm indices of these two groups of newborns it has been pointed out that mechanisms of adaptation after delivery are equal and they are based on the growing activity of central regulation processes. The dynamics of transitional process such as the period of postnatal adaptation indicates the reserve possibilities of infant and helps to reveal pre-nosological forms of disadaptational syndrome.     

Lateral Preferences as Possible Phenotypic Predictors of the Reserves of the Cardiovascular System and the Features of Sensorimotor Integration in Climbers

The lateral preferences of the hands, the reserves of the cardiovascular system and the features of sensorimotor integration in mountain climbers as possible predictors of adaptation to extreme factors of the external environment have been investigated. The subjects were 15 climbers of high class (men aged 25.5–62.8 years). We used the following methods: reflexometric technique ReBFB (complex sensorimotor reaction in the model of go/no-go, computer simulation according to Chernikov); the assessment of lateral preferences using the standard samples; the orthostatic test (with the recording of the heart rate and evaluation of adaptive reserves based on the indices of mathematical analysis of the cardiac rhythm in the transition period according to a technique by Riftin). Sensorimotor integration was performed under normal conditions and under normobaric hypoxia. All indicators were correlated with the age and proficiency of the climbers. We observed no statistically significant correlations between age and the reserves of the cardiovascular system in the group of climbers. Reflexometry in normoxic conditions showed an improvement in the orientation of subjects in the sensory flow as compared with the initial level. The sensorimotor integration (as a response of sensorimotor responses) was more stable during hypoxia as compared with the same indices in normoxia. Noticeable correlation was observed between the results of the humeral test and the reserves of the cardiovascular system defined by orthostatic hypotension: the reserves were higher in the subjects with a higher level of left-hand preference. The regulation of the autonomic nervous system is correlated with left-handedness, which results in more effective adaptation to the high altitude in left-handers. The parameter of handedness can be used as a phenotypic predictor of the level of the cardiovascular system reserves in climbers. It is suggested that the factor of hypoxia with small exposure has a stimulating effect on sensorimotor integration in climbers.     

Use of principles of prenosological diagnosis for assessing the functional state of the body under stress conditions as exemplified by bus drivers

The functional state of the body was assessed in healthy subjects performing their daily work under stress conditions. The study sample comprised bus drivers aged 25–65 years. A prenosological approach was used to assess the borderline between the physiologically normal state and pathological conditions. At the first stage of the study (prenosological screening), the subjects were divided into four groups with different adaptive capacities of the body. At the second stage of the study, a detailed prenosological examination was performed to determine the causes and mechanisms of evolution of prenosological conditions into premorbid conditions and further into adaptation failure, resulting in diseases. It was found that the bus drivers experienced chronic occupational stress leading to the overtension and exhaustion of regulatory mechanisms and to the rapid development of cardiovascular pathology. Long-term mental and psychoemotional tension in drivers associated with occupational stress leads to the activation of suprasegmental structures involved in the control of physiological functions; to a decrease in the functional reserves; and, consequently, to the worsening of the psychophysiological and cardiorespiratory function of the body. As a result of the study, a group of bus drivers with an increased risk of diseases, including cardiovascular, was determined and recommendations on workforce health protection were developed for the managers of the motor transport enterprise.