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细胞程序死亡是多细胞生物体在内源发育信号或外源环境信号作用下在特定时间和空间发生的细胞死亡过程, 在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用。该文介绍了植物细胞程序死亡类型的几种划分方法、植物发育性细胞程序死亡研究常用的实验体系, 并着重概述有关植物发育性细胞程序死亡发生机制的研究进展。 相似文献
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环境胁迫诱导的植物细胞程序性死亡 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:23
在最近的10年中,兴起了对植物细胞程序性死亡的研究。大量的证据表明,在各种环境胁迫因子诱导植物细胞PCD过程中,活性氧、乙烯、Ca2+、水杨酸、NO等成为重要的信号分子。像动物细胞凋亡一样,在植物PCD中也存在一条依赖于天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Caspases)活性的信号传导途径,其中,线粒体处于PCD调控的中心位置。
Abstract:Programmed cell death (PCD) research in higher plants has blossomed in the past ten years.Many evidences suggested that reactive oxygen species,ethylene,Ca2+,salicylic acid,nitric oxide etc.are important signal molecules during environmental stress-induced PCD in plants.Like apoptosis in animals,there also exists a Caspase-dependent PCD signal transduction pathway,in which mitochondrion plays a role of central depot. 相似文献
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高等植物的PCD研究进展(一) 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16
植物细胞程序性死亡(programmed cell death,PCD)已成为当前生物学的研究热点之一。植物PCD普遍存在于植物器官和个体生长发育过程及与环境相互作用过程中,具有重要的生物学意义。在高等植物生长发育过程中,根冠细胞、导管细胞、绒毡层细胞、胚乳细胞、胚柄细胞、糊粉细胞、大孢子细胞、助细胞和反足细胞等细胞在一定程度上均发生了PCD。另外,衰老也涉及PCD。本文综述了最近几年来与发育有关的PCD研究进展,主要包括高等植物细胞死亡的形式、起因及其PCD的形态、生化特征及高等植物营养器官(根、茎和叶)和生殖器官(花、果实和种子)在其生长发育过程中的PCD。文章最后还对植物PCD的进化和生物学意义作了进一步的讨论。
Abstract:Plant programmed cell death(PCD),the details of which are becoming a focus of intensive research in biology, is a ubiquitous phenomenon and plays an improtant biological role in the develpoment of organs and whole organisms and in interactions with the environment.During higher plant development,root cap cells,tracheary elements(TEs),tapetalcells,endosperm cells,suspensor cells,aleurone cells,megaspore cells,help cells and antipodal cells,etc.undergo PCD to some degree.In addition,senescence also involves PCD.This paper mainly reviewed PCD research progress in higher plant development in recent years,including forms and causes of cell death and PCD morphological and biochemical features in higher plants;PCD in development of nutritive organs(root ,stem and leaf) and reproductive organs(flower ,fruit and seed),evolution and biological rloes of plant PCD were further discussed in the paper. 相似文献
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高赟琴英玉李绍波 《现代生物医学进展》2011,11(6):1178-1180
细胞发生程序性死亡(Programmed cell death,PCD)是多细胞生物用以消除多余的或有害的细胞的一种重要方式。对于植物个体来说,细胞发生程序性死亡(PCD)是抵抗逆境的一种十分有效的途径。因此,揭示环境因子诱导的植物PCD现象的分子本质就具有十分重要的现实意义。近十年来,有关环境因子诱导的植物PCD研究报道逐年增加。本文重点综述了环境因子与植物PCD相关的研究进展,并对植物PCD的主要生物学意义和研究展望进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Oxidative stress is known to induce cell death in a wide variety of cell types, apparently by modulating intracellular signaling pathways. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in oxidative stress remains controversial. In some cellular systems, the ERK activation is associated with protection against oxidative stress, while in other system, the ERK activation is involved in apoptotic cell death. The present study was undertaken to examine the role of ERK activation in H2O2-induced cell death of human glioma (A172) cells. H2O2 resulted in a time- and dose-dependent cell death, which was largely attributed to apoptosis. H2O2 treatment caused marked sustained activation of ERK. The ERK activation and cell death induced by H2O2 was prevented by catalase, the hydrogen peroxide scavenger, and U0126, an inhibitor of ERK upstream kinase MEK1/2. Transient transfection with constitutive active MEK1, an upstream activator of ERK1/2, increased H2O2-induced cell death, whereas transfection with dominant-negative mutants of MEK1 decreased the cell death. The ERK activation and cell death caused by H2O2 was inhibited by antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and trolox), Ras inhibitor, and suramin. H2O2 produced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and its effect was prevented by catalase and U0126. Taken together, these findings suggest that growth factor receptor/Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway plays an active role in mediating H2O2-induced apoptosis of human glioma cells and functions upstream of mitochondria-dependent pathway to initiate the apoptotic signal. 相似文献
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程序性细胞死亡(PCD)是生物体受遗传调控的自主细胞死亡现象, 在植物生长发育和抵抗环境胁迫中起重要作用。PCD的发生可受线粒体中活性氧(ROS)诱导。中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所李家洋研究组早期的研究发现了1个拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)细胞死亡突变体mod1, 并暗示植物细胞中存在叶绿体与线粒体之间的信号交流调控PCD, 但其中的具体作用机制尚不清楚。最近, 他们通过大规模筛选mod1突变体的抑制突变体, 克隆了3个新的抑制基因plNAD- MDH、DiT1和mMDH1。此3个基因分别编码质体定位的NAD依赖的苹果酸脱氢酶、叶绿体被膜定位的二羧酸转运蛋白1和线粒体定位的苹果酸脱氢酶1, 突变后都可抑制mod1中ROS的积累及PCD的发生。通过对这些基因进行深入的功能分析, 他们论证了苹果酸从叶绿体到线粒体的转运对线粒体中ROS的产生及随后PCD的诱导起重要作用。该研究拓展了我们对植物细胞中细胞器间交流的认识, 为我们深入理解植物PCD发生机制提供了新线索, 是该领域的一项突破性进展。 相似文献
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镉诱导的茶树苗膜脂过氧化和细胞程序性死亡 总被引:29,自引:1,他引:28
在含镉的营养液中,茶树幼苗生长受到抑制。随培养时间延长,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量持续升高;超氧物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性初期升高,而后分别在第4天和第2天开始下降。镉胁迫的第5-7天,一部分细胞陆续发生程序性死亡。其特征是:线粒体聚集于核周围,个数增加,嵴发达,而后衰亡。核仁消失,染色质凝结在核膜边缘,核萎缩,外层核膜局部扩张,形成胀泡。核以外溢、出芽和崩裂三种方式溃解。核是最后消亡的细胞器。程序性死亡的细胞局限于某些区域。镉胁迫下,幼苗膜脂过氧化可能是诱发PCD的主要原因。 相似文献
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细胞程序化死亡(PCD)是一种由基因控制的、主动的细胞死亡过程,它在植物正常生长发育过程中起着重要作用。本文就植物PCD的近期研究进展和其分子信号调控机制作一综合阐述。 相似文献
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植物在逆境胁迫中的细胞程序性死亡 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
细胞程序性死亡(programmed cell death,PCD)是一种由基因控制的、主动的细胞死亡过程,它对植物正常生长发育起重要作用.在逆境胁迫因子如病原体、高盐、低氧、低温、热激和金属离子等作用下,植物为了抵御不良环境的侵害,以活性氧、Ca2+、乙烯和NO等为信号因子,诱导植物体的特定部位发生PCD,形成细胞主动死亡,从而避免逆境对其他组织进一步伤害,并使植物获得对不良环境的适应性.对植物PCD的一般特征、环境胁迫因子及诱导PCD信号分子等进行了综述,为在逆境条件下深入研究植物细胞程序性死亡提供参考. 相似文献
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Cell death is a common event in all types of plant organisms. Understanding the phenomenon of programmed cell death (PCD) is an important area of research for plant scientists because of its role in senescence and the post-harvest quality of ornamentals, fruits, and vegetables. In the present paper, PCD in relation to petal senescence in ornamental plants is reviewed. Morphological, anatomical, physiological,and biochemical changes that are related to PCD in petals, such as water content, sink-source relationships,hormones, genes, and signal transduction pathways, are discussed. Several approaches to improving the quality of post-harvest ornamentals are reviewed and some prospects for future research are given. 相似文献