经阴道超声诊断子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病的临床体会

目的探讨子宫腺肌病与子宫肌瘤的临床特点及经阴道超声诊断的价值。方法通过对45例子宫肌瘤和30例子宫腺肌病的临床资料及声像图的回顾性分析．探讨子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病的临床特征及声像图特点。结果两者在临床表现及超声图像上有很多相似之处,容易相互误诊,但是掌握了子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病各自的声像图特点,可为临床诊断提供可靠依据。结论阴道超声是诊断与鉴别诊断子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌病的有效手段,应全面、多方位仔细探查及结合临床特点综合分析,减少误诊漏诊,提高诊断率。     

经阴道超声对子宫肌瘤腺肌病的诊断

本文分析了以阴道超声检测子宫肌瘤７４例,子宫腺肌病５０例的诊断,其诊断符合率分别为９１．９％,８３．３％。本文综合分析子宫肌瘤,腺肌病的鉴别诊断要求,并重视共它合并症同时并存的诊断要点分析,以提高诊断率。     

子宫腺肌病与子宫肌瘤的临床特点及实验室检查比较分析

目的:探讨子宫腺肌病与子宫肌瘤的临床特点及实验室检查,提高对子宫腺肌病术前确诊率.方法:选择52例子宫腺肌病患者和63例子宫肌瘤患者为研究对象,并对临床症状、妇科检查、B超结果及血清CA125水平进行比较.结果:两组患者发病年龄和临床症状相近,但子宫腺肌病的痛经症状明显(P<0.01);妇科检查子宫腺肌病的子宫常均匀性增大,且一般增大<12孕周,而宫体压痛明显高于子宫肌瘤(P<0.01);两组B超诊断符合率分别为59.6%和91.2%,有显著差异(P<0.05);子宫腺肌病组血清CA125阳性率79.8%,子宫肌瘤组血清CA125阳性率4.1%,有显著差异(P<0.01).结论:综合分析子宫腺肌病与子宫肌瘤的临床表现、妇科检查、B超所见和血清CA125水平有助于提高子宫腺肌病的术前诊断.     

子宫腺肌病发病机制的研究进展

子宫腺肌病是妇科的常见疾病,严重影响妇女的健康和生活质量,其发病机制至今尚未阐明;可能与免疫、血管生成、激素、细胞凋亡、细胞侵袭黏附能力及遗传等因素有关。     

子宫腺肌病发病与干细胞关系的研究进展

子宫腺肌病(adenomyosis,AM)是一种常见的严重影响女性身心健康及女性生育并伴有恶性侵袭性的妇科良性疾病。以子宫内膜的腺体和间质异位至深部子宫肌层,并伴随相邻肌细胞增生和肥大为特征,其临床特点特殊,近期统计研究发现其发病率正逐渐升高,而且趋向年轻化。现有研究报道子宫腺肌发病涉及多方面的因素,但具体发病机制尚不明确。近期研究发现子宫内膜存在的基底层干细胞可能与子宫内膜随月经周期发生脱落、增殖相关,其功能紊乱可能导致子宫内膜增生异常性疾病包括子宫腺肌病的发生,子宫内膜干细胞侵入子宫肌层,在局部环境的诱导下增殖、分化或可形成子宫内膜的异位病灶。子宫内膜干细胞的研究可能为子宫腺肌病发病和治疗带来新的思路和希望。本文参考国内外文献,就近年来子宫腺肌病发病机制及与干细胞相关研究进展进行综述并提出展望。     

子宫腺肌病中异位和正位子宫内膜血管发生的研究

目的探讨子宫腺肌病中异位和正位内膜组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及微血管密度(MVD)与发病机制的关系.方法采用免疫组织化学技术检测21例正常子宫内膜(对照组)和38例子宫腺肌病(疾病组)异位内膜及正位内膜中VEGF的表达,利用Ⅷ因子相关抗原标记血管内皮细胞,再应用计算机图像分析系统分析VEGF免疫染色密度值及计数切片中微血管(20×视野).结果疾病组异位内膜腺上皮细胞及间质细胞中VEGF的表达明显高于对照组腺上皮及间质细胞(P<0.01).疾病组正位内膜腺上皮细胞中的VEGF的表达亦高于对照组(P<0.05).疾病组异位内膜中的平均微血管密度明显高于正位内膜及对照组(P<0.05).VEGF与MVD表达呈明显正相关(P<0.01).结论子宫腺肌病异位和正位内膜中VEGF表达的明显增高及局部微血管密度的明显增加,可能导致局部新生毛细血管的增多,从而促进子宫内膜在子宫肌层内异位种植和生长.     

高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫腺肌病的免疫学状态改变及影像学评估研究

摘要 目的：探讨高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗子宫腺肌病（AM）的免疫学状态改变及影像学评估。方法：选择2020年12月-2021年12月于石家庄市人民医院收治的186例AM患者,HIFU消融术治疗前后行血清补体C3、C4、辅助性T细胞17与调节性T细胞比值（Th17/Treg）检测和磁共振成像（MRI）检查。比较AM患者治疗前后超声特征以及MRI测量参数、血清补体C3、C4、Th17/Treg水平的差异;采用Spearman相关性分析治疗后血清补体C3、C4、Th17/Treg水平与消融率、无灌注区MRI参数的相关性。结果：AM患者HIFU治疗前超声显示子宫壁肌层回声不均匀,肌层血流信号丰富,病灶血运丰富;MRI表现为子宫不均一性体积增大,子宫壁明显增厚,与子宫结合带分界不清,信号不均匀,动态增强扫描病灶表现为不均匀强化,强化程度均略低于附近的正常子宫内肌层。AM患者HIFU治疗后VAS评分显著低于治疗前（P<0.05）;超声显示子宫肌层回声不均匀,肌层血运明显减少,MRI显示子宫壁增厚程度减轻,信号不均匀,增强扫描表现为中央无强化的灌注区,周边结节状或不规则形强化即为残余病灶,消融率为90%左右。HIFU治疗后血清补体C3、C4水平、残余病灶ADC值、MSI值显著升高（P<0.05）,而HIFU治疗后Th17/Treg、无灌注区ADC值、MSI值显著下降（P<0.05）。HIFU治疗后血清补体C3、C4水平与消融率、无灌注区ADC值以及MSI值存在显著负相关（P<0.05）,而Th17/Treg与消融率、无灌注区ADC值以及MSI值存在显著正相关（P<0.05）。结论：HIFU治疗AM患者后的免疫学状态改变以及MRI评估有助于预测AM患者的预后,并指导临床医师对AM患者后续治疗方案的选择提供客观真实的依据。     

HIFU治疗子宫腺肌病142例的临床疗效分析（附12例妊娠病例）

目的：评价高强度聚焦超声（highintensityfocusedultrasound,HtFU）治疗子宫腺肌瘤的临床疗效及安全性。方法：选取2007年12月--2012年12月在我院行H删治疗的142例子宫腺肌病患者,治疗后连续1、3、6、12个月随访,评价患者病灶的超声影像学变化及临床症状的改善情况。结果：治疗后,有效随访118例,彩超检查显示治疗后第1个月子宫体积平均缩小35％,第3个月缩小59％,第6个月缩小85％,第12个月缩小80％。110例经量增多的子宫腺肌病患者中,3例在治疗后12个月经量恢复正常水平,45例在治疗后12个月经量明显减少,基本恢复正常值,68例在治疗后12个月经量较治疗前明显减少,但仍高于正常值;2例在治疗后12个月经量变化不大,总有效率为98．3％。118例痛经的子宫腺肌病患,34例在治疗后随访的12个月内痛经消失,80例在治疗后随访的12个月内仍有轻度痛经,4例在治疗后随访的12个月内仍有中度以上痛经,总有效率为96．6％。随访过程中发现12例再妊娠病例。结论：HIFU治疗子宫腺肌病具有安全,有效,并发症少的特点,且不影响患者妊娠,能够满足患者保留子宫、再生育的需求。可作为一种无创治疗子宫腺肌病的有效治疗方法。     

高强度聚焦超声消融治疗（HIFU术）联合补肾活血方治疗子宫腺肌病的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨高强度聚焦超声消融治疗（HIFU术）联合补肾活血方治疗子宫腺肌病的临床疗效。方法：选取我院2020年3月到2023年3月收治的100例子宫腺肌病患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,每组50例。对照组患者采取HIFU术治疗,观察组患者采取HIFU术联合补肾活血方治疗,对比两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后中医证候积分,对比手术前、手术后3个月、6个月的糖类抗原CA125及血红蛋白水平变化,并在治疗3个月后和治疗6个月应用子宫体积、痛经评分、经量评分评价患者远期预后情况。结果：两组临床疗效比较无差异（P>0.05）;治疗前两组患者腰膝酸软、经期腰骶痛、经期腹痛相关中医证候积分对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者腰膝酸软、经期腰骶痛、经期腹痛相关中医证候积分均降低,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;手术两组患者糖类抗原CA125、Hb水平对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,术后3个月、6个月两组患者糖类抗原CA125水平降低,观察组低于对照组,Hb水平升高,观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后3个月的子宫体积、痛经评分、经量评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,且治疗6个月后两组患者子宫体积、痛经评分、经量评分均降低,观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：对子宫腺肌病患者应用高强度聚焦超声消融术联合补肾活血方治疗可提升其临床治疗效果,减轻患者临床症状,改善患者糖类抗原CA125表达水平,减轻贫血情况,且远期疗效较好,能够进一步改善患者子宫体积、疼痛程度和月经量,值得临床应用推广。     

口服他莫昔芬法建立ICR小鼠子宫腺肌病模型

目的使用口服他莫昔芬法建立ICR小鼠子宫腺肌病模型,并检测其病灶特征、动情周期、血管生成、子宫炎症等变化,以介绍和评价这一动物模型。方法新生ICR小鼠（15只）连续4 d滴喂他莫昔芬,并与同龄对照小鼠（15只）分别于42、85-95、135-145日龄处死,使用苏木素-伊红染色检测子宫病理改变;阴道脱落细胞法检测动情周期变化;免疫组化补体31（CD31）染色计算子宫微血管的密度、直径及所占面积比;逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测子宫缓激肽受体、神经激肽受体的基因表达。结果使用口服他莫昔芬法建立ICR小鼠子宫腺肌病模型的造模率为100%,且疾病严重程度随病程进展。部分给药小鼠可出现动情周期紊乱。85-95及135-145日龄给药小鼠子宫肌层微血管密度和面积比均高于对照小鼠（P〈0.05）。135-145日龄给药小鼠子宫缓激肽受体、神经激肽受体的基因表达较对照组明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论口服他莫昔芬法可方便、高效的建立腺肌病小鼠模型,出现腺肌病相关的血管生成、炎症状态、疼痛相关受体表达增高等特征,是研究腺肌病发生、发展的良好模型。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤伴月经过多的临床研究

目的：回顾分析24例子宫肌瘤伴月经过多患者入介治疗疗效和子宫动脉栓塞安全性。方法：选择24例子宫肌瘤伴月经过多患者进行子宫肌瘤供血动脉的栓塞。结果：插管栓塞动脉率100％,随访20年。治疗后1月,24例患者经月经明显减少,B超随访,3个月子宫肌瘤体积平均缩小30％,随访2年,其中2例行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤经阴道摘除术,6例子宫肌瘤消失,16例子宫肌瘤体积平均缩小80％,结论：子宫肌瘤行介入治疗疗效肯定,对粘膜下子宫肌瘤及子宫肌瘤伴月经过多患者尤为适宜。     

Serum and tissue levels of six trace elements and copper/zinc ratio in patients with cervical cancer and uterine myoma

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between trace elements and the incidence of cervical cancer. Tissue and serum levels of six elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Se) and the Cu/Zn ratio in 40 cases of patients with cervical cancer, 30 cases of uterine myoma, and 50 healthy subjects were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the selenium content was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the tissue contents of Zn, Se, and Ca were significantly lower and the Cu and Fe concentrations and Cu/Zn ratio were significantly higher in cervical cancer tissue than that for paired nonlesion tissue (p<0.02 and p<0.001, respectively). The serum levels of Zn, Se, Ca, and Fe were lower and Cu and Mn levels and Cu/Zn ratio were higher in patients with cervical cancer than in healthy subjects (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) and in the uterine myoma group compared with healthy subjects (p< 0.05–0.001). There are no significant differences in the contents of six elements and the Cu/Zn ratio between uterine myoma tissue and paired nonlesion tissue. The results showed also that the Fe level and Cu/Zn ratio were significantly higher and the Zn and Se levels were significantly lower in cervical cancer tissue than in uterine myoma tissue (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). The serum Cu level and Cu/Zn ratio were significantly higher in the cervical cancer group than the uterine myoma group (p<0.01). Data were also analyzed using multivarate logistic regression. After adjustment for age, occupation, life habit, and other covariates for the development of cervical cancer, the odds ratios were 22.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.64–90.88, p=0.001) for Cu, 0.11 (95% CI: 0.034–0.373; p=0.005) for Zn, and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.36–0.99, p=0.01) for Se. Thus, the serum and tissue levels of Cu increase and the deficiency of Zn and Se may be risk factors for the development of cervical cancer.     

Ultrasound characteristics of uterine myoma before and after uterine artery embolization

The diagnosis and treatment of uterine leiomyoma are topical problems of modern gynecology and radiodiagnosis. Organ-saving treatments for uterine myoma, one of which is uterine artery embolization, are gaining wide acceptance now. The objective of the study was to increase the informative value of ultrasound study to predict the uterine myoma after uterine artery embolization. One hundred uterine myoma patients aged 20 to 52 years were examined. Small pelvic Doppler ultrasonography was carried out in all the patients. The reduction of myomatous nodules was estimated after uterine artery embolization. The decrease in uterine myoma sizes was found to be due to the reduction in their vascularization and the occurrence of ischemia with degeneration in the myoma. Ultrasonography was found to be most accessible and informative in the prognostic and postoperative evaluation of the efficiency of X-ray endovascular treatment for uterine myoma.     

NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病中的表达及与痛经的关系

目的：研究NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病患者的异位内膜与在位内膜组织的表达情况及与痛经的关系。方法：采用免疫组化MaxVision法检测子宫腺肌病异位内膜（30例）、在位内膜（30例）、正常子宫内膜（19例）标本中NGF、TrkA蛋白的表达,分析其表达差异及与痛经的关系。结果：①子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达显著高于正常内膜组（P〈0.01）,在位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达显著高于正常内膜组（P〈0.01）,子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达与在位内膜组无显著差异。②子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达与痛经强度评分呈正相关（相关系数r=0.637,P=0.000;r=0.662,P=0.000）。结论：NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病中高表达可能参与子宫腺肌病发病机制,而且可能与痛经有关。     

NGF 及其受体TrkA 在子宫腺肌病中的表达及与痛经的关系

目的:研究NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病患者的异位内膜与在位内膜组织的表达情况及与痛经的关系。方法:采用免疫组化MaxVision法检测子宫腺肌病异位内膜(30例)、在位内膜(30例)、正常子宫内膜(19例)标本中NGF、TrkA蛋白的表达,分析其表达差异及与痛经的关系。结果:①子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达显著高于正常内膜组(P<0.01),在位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达显著高于正常内膜组(P<0.01),子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达与在位内膜组无显著差异。②子宫腺肌病异位内膜组NGF、TrkA表达与痛经强度评分呈正相关(相关系数r=0.637,P=0.000;r=0.662,P=0.000)。结论:NGF及其受体TrkA在子宫腺肌病中高表达可能参与子宫腺肌病发病机制,而且可能与痛经有关。     

A new trick for an old dog: The application of mifepristone in the treatment of adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is also called internal endometriosis and affects about 20% of reproductive‐aged women. It seriously reduces life quality of patients because current drug therapies face with numerous challenges. Long‐term clinical application of mifepristone exhibits wonderful therapeutic effects with mild side‐effects in many disorders since 1982. Since adenomyosis is a refractory disease, we investigate whether mifepristone can be applied in the treatment of adenomyosis. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of mifepristone on human primary eutopic endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells in adenomyosis. We found that mifepristone causes cell cycle arrest through inhibiting CDK1 and CDK2 expressions and induces cell apoptosis via the mitochondria‐dependent signalling pathway in endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells of adenomyosis. Furthermore, mifepristone inhibits the migration of endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells through decreasing CXCR4 expression and restricts the invasion of endometrial epithelial cells via suppression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in adenomyosis. We also found that mifepristone treatment decreases the uterine volume, CA125 concentration and increases the haemoglobin concentration in serum for adenomyosis patients. Therefore, we demonstrate that mifepristone could serve as a novel therapeutic drug in the treatment of adenomyosis, and therefore, the old dog can do a new trick.     

Delayed uterine fluid clearance and reduced uterine perfusion in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia and clinical management with postmating antibiotic

In many species a transient uterine inflammatory response follows mating and is proposed to remove excess spermatozoa, bacteria, and other contaminants from the uterus. Similar events have been documented in the bitch involving increased uterine contractions, polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx and uterine artery vasodilation. Some healthy bitches with endometrial hyperplasia have increased numbers of uterine luminal polymorphonuclear neutrophils after mating and reduced fertility; it is purported that this represents a presumed postmating endometritis. This study used B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography at the time of mating to measure uterine contractions, clearance of ejaculated fluid, and uterine artery velocity in normal bitches and those with endometrial hyperplasia. Mating resulted in an increase in the number of uterine contractions, although fewer mating-induced contractions were noted in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia. Interestingly, uterine fluid cleared significantly more slowly after mating from the bitches with endometrial hyperplasia than the normal bitches (P = 0.01). In a further study, Doppler ultrasonography showed that in normal bitches there was a significant increase in uterine artery blood velocity (P = 0.04) and a decrease in the resistance index after mating (P = 0.04), indicating vasodilation. In bitches with endometrial hyperplasia the baseline resistance index was significantly higher than normal bitches (P = 0.05), and furthermore, although there was a significant decrease in resistance index after mating, in the bitches with endometrial hyperplasia this was of a smaller magnitude that in normal bitches. These findings indicate lower baseline uterine perfusion, and a blunted vasodilation response to mating in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia. Short-duration postmating administration of systemic antibiotic increased pregnancy rates in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia (P < 0.01). Litter sizes in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia were lower than those of normal bitches both before and after treatment with postmating antibiotic (P = 0.04 and < 0.01, respectively). Mating-induced endometritis in bitches with endometrial hyperplasia appears to affect fertility by reducing the uterine vasodilatory response to mating and delaying clearance of uterine fluid as a result of decreased uterine contractions but the effect can be ameliorated in part by the postmating administration of antibiotic.     

妊娠合并子宫肌瘤剖宫产时肌瘤剔除的指征及治疗方法

目的:研究妊娠合并子宫肌瘤剖宫产时剔除子宫肌瘤的指征和治疗方法。方法:选择2011年2月~2015年12月在我院进行诊治的妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者80例,根据治疗方法的不同分为观察组40例与对照组40例,观察组采用剖宫产时剔除肌瘤治疗,对照组采用单纯剖宫产术,并选择40例正常剖宫产者为常规组。记录观察组的手术时间、术中出血量、手术前后血红蛋白差值、术后肛门排气时间和住院时间;不同肌瘤大小、类型和数量的术中出血量;比较三组新生儿的一般情况及产妇产后恢复情况。结果:观察组和对照组的肌瘤大小、类型和数量等一般情况相比均无明显差异(P0.05);观察组的手术时间明显长于对照组和常规组(P0.05),三组间的术中出血量、手术前后血红蛋白差值、术后肛门排气时间和住院时间相比无明显差异(P0.05);子宫肌瘤小≤5 cm的患者术中出血量明显小于5 cm的患者(P0.05),而不同肌瘤类型和数量的术中出血量无明显差异(P0.05);对照组和观察组新生儿评分≤7分、新生儿体重2500 g、胎儿宫内发育迟缓和早产儿的发生率均明显高于常规组(P0.05),对照组和观察组之间相比无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者如果肌瘤直径≤5 cm可考虑在行子宫肌瘤剔除术;而当直径5 cm时,因术中出血量较多且风险较大,剖宫产时不主张同时行肌瘤剔除术。     

腹腔镜与经腹子宫肌瘤剔除术对有生育要求子宫肌瘤患者妊娠结局的影响及术后妊娠率的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：研究腹腔镜与经腹子宫肌瘤剔除术对有生育要求子宫肌瘤患者妊娠结局的影响及术后妊娠率的影响因素。方法：选取我院2018年4月至2021年4月收治的80例有生育要求的子宫肌瘤患者,其中接受经腹子宫肌瘤剔除术治疗的40例归为经腹组,接受腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术治疗的40例归为腹腔镜组。比较两组手术疗效指标,术后并发症发生率以及术后妊娠率。此外,80例患者根据出院后1年是否妊娠分为妊娠组和未妊娠组,以多因素Logistic回归分析术后妊娠率的影响因素。结果：在术后失血量、肛门恢复排气时间以及住院时间方面比较,腹腔镜组均优于经腹组（P＜0.05）。腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率低于经腹组（P＜0.05）,两组术后妊娠率对比无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。单因素分析结果显示：年龄、肌瘤数目和子宫肌瘤剔除术患者术后是否妊娠有关（P＜0.05）,而孕次、肌瘤类型、肌瘤最大直径以及穿透宫腔与否和子宫肌瘤剔除术患者术后是否妊娠无关（P＞0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄≥35岁以及肌瘤多发是子宫肌瘤剔除术患者术后未妊娠的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：腹腔镜与经腹子宫肌瘤剔除术对有生育要求子宫肌瘤患者妊娠结局的影响程度相当,但腹腔镜术式有助于患者术后康复,同时降低并发症发生风险。此外,年龄较大和肌瘤数目较多会使子宫肌瘤剔除术患者术后妊娠难度增加。     

Intestinal growth and differentiation in zebrafish

Intestinal development in amniotes is driven by interactions between progenitor cells derived from the three primary germ layers. Genetic analyses and gene targeting experiments in zebrafish offer a novel approach to dissect such interactions at a molecular level. Here we show that intestinal anatomy and architecture in zebrafish closely resembles the anatomy and architecture of the mammalian small intestine. The zebrafish intestine is regionalized and the various segments can be identified by epithelial markers whose expression is already segregated at the onset of intestinal differentiation. Differentiation of cells derived from the three primary germ layers begins more or less contemporaneously, and is preceded by a stage in which there is rapid cell proliferation and maturation of epithelial cell polarization. Analysis of zebrafish mutants with altered epithelial survival reveals that seemingly related single gene defects have different effects on epithelial differentiation and smooth muscle and enteric nervous system development.