菊属种间杂交胚拯救过程成苗途径的初步研究

对菊属不同种植物进行远缘杂交与胚拯救,研究幼胚发育途径.结果表明:影响胚发育途径的关键因素是基因型、胚龄与激素.杂交父母本基因型差异小,合适的胚龄均有利于子房直接萌发及子房先形成愈伤组织而后萌发成苗;培养基中添加KT 2.0 mg·L-1 IAA 2.0 mg·L-1有利于子房直接萌发成苗,BA 2.0 mg·L-1 NAA 2.0 mg·L-1有利于先形成愈伤而后萌发成苗.     

菊属种间杂交胚拯救过程成苗途径的初步研究

对菊属不同种植物进行远缘杂交与胚拯救,研究幼胚发育途径。结果表明：影响胚发育途径的关键因素是基因型、胚龄与激素。杂交父母本基因型差异小,合适的胚龄均有利于子房直接萌发及子房先形成愈伤组织而后萌发成苗;培养基中添加KT 2.0 mg.L-1+IAA 2.0 mg.L-1 有利于子房直接萌发成苗, BA 2.0 mg.L-1+NAA 2.0 mg.L-1 有利于先形成愈伤而后萌发成苗。     

兰属种间杂交胚拯救研究初报

取兰属大花蕙兰为母本、墨兰为父本进行种间杂交并进行杂种胚拯救研究。结果显示,子房离体培养明显优于胚珠离体培养,是胚抢救培养的有效手段。不同取材时间及在不同培养基中子房培养情况差异明显。在授粉后60 d子房离体培养即可获得成功,但以授粉后90 d子房离体培养最佳,萌发率高,达80%。子房培养的最适培养基为VW+BA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+蛋白胨3 g/L+水解酪蛋白500 mg/L+椰子汁10%。     

几种同域分布姜花属植物的种间杂交亲和性

种间配子不亲和以及种间杂交种子活力低是众多的物种间杂交隔离机制中的两个方面。通过对云南澜沧地区分布的4种（型）姜花属植物——圆瓣姜花（Hedychium forrestii）、草果药(Hspicatum)、两类型滇姜花（Hyunnanense）间进行野外杂交试验,比较杂交结实率、每果种子数以及杂交种子的萌发参数等指标来分析4种（型）姜花之间的杂交亲和性和杂交后代表现,发现4种（型）姜花属植物配子间都具有不同程度的亲和性,但种间杂交种子的萌发适合度比同种授粉获得的种子低。结果表明,这4种（型）姜花属植物间配子亲和性不是有效的种间隔离机制,种间杂交种子活力低是一种不完全的隔离机制,它们在同域分布的地区,仍然有形成杂交后代的可能性。     

几种同域分布姜花属植物的种间杂交亲和性及杂交后代种子活力

种间配子不亲和以及种间杂交种子活力低是众多的物种间杂交隔离机制中的两个方面。通过对云南澜沧地区分布的4种（型）姜花属植物——圆瓣姜花（Hedychium forrestii）、草果药（H.spicatum）、两类型滇姜花（H.yunnanense）间进行野外杂交试验,比较杂交结实率、每果种子数以及杂交种子的萌发参数等指标来分析4种（型）姜花之间的杂交亲和性和杂交后代表现,发现4种（型）姜花属植物配子间都具有不同程度的亲和性,但种间杂交种子的萌发适合度比同种授粉获得的种子低。结果表明,这4种（型）姜花属植物间配子亲和性不是有效的种间隔离机制,种间杂交种子活力低是一种不完全的隔离机制,它们在同域分布的地区,仍然有形成杂交后代的可能性。     

云南姜花属二新种

茎高1.8m,被稀疏长柔毛,叶长狭线形,长10～50cm,宽1.5～7cm,顶端尾尖,基     

新疆甘草属的种间杂交

试验以居群为单位的新疆甘草属７个种进行种间人工杂交。通过对种间杂交结实量（ＲＳ）和亲本种平均结实量（ＲＳｍ和ＲＳｆ）的分析比较,测出相应的杂交结实指数（ＩＳ）、初步了解种间杂交亲和性的大小,为甘草属植物系统与演化的研究提供参考依据。     

云南姜花属一新种

孟连姜花新种图1 Hedychium menglianense Y. Y. Qian sp. nov. (Subgen. Euosmianthus) Species affinis H. sino-aureo Stapf, sed plantis ad arbores epiphyticis, laminis (2-)10-27 cm longis, (0.5-)1.7-4 cm latis, petiolis 2-8 mm longis, ligulis papyraceis,1.5-2 mm longis, spicis 10-17-floribus, 5-8 cm longis, bracteis calycis tubos non circumnexis, apice emarginatis, calycis tubis bractea parum brevioribus, corollae lobis linearibus 11-13 mm longis, labellis ovatis, 8-9 mm longis, basi sessilibus, filamentis7-7.5 mm longis, ventraliter pubescentibus, antheris 4.5-4.9 nm longis differt.     

猕猴桃属美味猕猴桃和毛花猕猴桃种间杂交的胚胎学和胚援救

本文报道美味猕猴桃(Actintdia delictosa cv.Hayward)(6x)和毛花猕猴桃(A.eria-ntha)(2x)杂交当代种子的胚胎学分析和胚援救的结果:1.根据杂交种子外部形态和胚胎发育程度,区分为正常的和败育的两类,其比率接近1:1。正常种子的胚发育分化正常,且含有适量胚乳。败育种子中,除少数不含胚和胚乳外,绝大多数种子的胚发育终止于球形、心形和早子叶阶段,胚体畸形。胚乳处于消失或完全解体。2.在被试8组培养基中,最适合胚萌发和生长的是:MS+IAA0.5ppm+GA_30.5ppm,MS+2ip2ppm+IAA0.5ppm+GA_30.5ppm和 MS+2ip2ppm+GA_30.5ppm。适于实生苗生长的培养基为 MS+GA_30.5ppm 和 MS 培养基。在 MS+BAP2ppm 和 MS+IAA0.5ppm+GA_30.5ppm 培养基上,一些正常种子和少数不正常种子胚的下胚轴直接形成了许多不定芽,从而诱导产生了更多的杂种植株。但是在MS十BAP2ppm+GA_30.5ppm,MS+BAP2ppm+IAA0.5ppm 和 MS+2ip2ppm+GA_30.5ppm培养基上,虽然胚产生了愈伤组织,但都未分化出器官。杂种实生苗根尖细胞近半数的含有近4倍性染色体数(4x=116),约半数为其他倍性。     

葡萄胚挽救苗移栽技术的研究

以欧洲葡萄无核品种与中国野生葡萄杂交的胚挽救苗为试材,系统地研究了移栽时期、胚挽救苗质量、移栽方法及移栽基质对葡萄胚挽救苗移栽成活率的影响。结果表明,春季选择壮苗,先无菌条件下移栽到珍珠岩中进行培养室炼苗,再经温室炼苗,移栽成活率最高,可达98．8％。初步探索出一套简单易行、实用高效的葡萄胚挽救苗优化配套移栽技术。     

圆瓣姜花种子胚的组织培养与快速繁殖

采用广西百色地区野生圆瓣姜花的种子胚作外植体,成功地进行了离体组织培养与快速繁殖,建立了高频率的丛芽繁殖体系。实验结果表明:诱导种子胚萌芽的最适培养基为MS附加1.0mg·L16BA和0.2mg·L1NAA;在MS+6BA4.0mg·L1+NAA0.2mg·L1的培养基上最有利于诱导丛芽及增殖,芽的增殖系数达到5.28;1/2MS+IBA0.5mg·L1培养基最易诱导生根,生根率达97.7%。     

Rescue of interspecific lens hybrids by means of embryo culture

A two-stage in vitro technique was established for the development of interspecific hybrid embryos in the genus Lens. The culture of 14-day-old fertilized ovules on MS medium supplemented with zeatin, followed by the release of the embryos from the ovular integuments, allowed the development of viable and vigorous plants.     

无核白葡萄胚挽救育种技术研究

无核白葡萄在授粉后20－50d,将胚珠接种在含不同激素的Nitsch培养基上,培养80－90d后转入胚荫发培养基中,待胚萌发20d左右,再转入成苗培养基中使其发育成正常幼苗。结果表明,胚萌发适宜的培养基是附加0．5mg/L IAA,1.5mg/L BA和0.5mg/LGA3的Nitsh培养基,在所试10个接种时期中,无授粉后39d胚的发育率最高。     

Hybridization between Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium stocksii through embryo rescue

INTRODUCTIONGOSndumherbaceuminoneofthetwo'A'genomediploidcultivatedspeciesofcotton.ItisgrowninsomepartsofcentralIndia,esDeciallyasarainfedcrop.G-sto~isawiIdspeciesbelongingto'E'ge11omeandisfoundinWestAsia.Thisspecieshasaverygoodrootsystemandistoleranttodrought[1]-Thus,thehybridizationbetweenG.herbaceumandG.stock8iisdesiredtodevelopdrought-tolerantvarietiesinG.herbaceum.Theattemptstoproduceinterspecifichybridsbytheconventionalmethodsareoftenunsuccessfulduetotheformationofunderdevel-op…     

Characterization of interspecific hybrids and backcross progenies from a cross between Oryza minuta and Oryza sativa

Oryza minuta, a tetraploid wild relative of cultivated rice, is an important source for the genetic improvement. Interspecific hybrids were obtained from the cross of O. sativa L. (IR24) and O. minuta (Acc. No. 101133) with 5.58% crossability, which ranged from 0.11% to 1.62% in the backcross generations. The chromosome numbers of the backcross progenies were 24 to 48. Seven yield-related traits of the parents, hybrid F₁, and backcross progenies were evaluated. Simple sequence repeat markers analysis showed that the polymorphism ratio of SSR bands between IR24 and Acc. No. 101133 was 93.2%. The average donor segment number, length, donor genome size, and percentage of donor genome of 92 BC₃F₁ plants (2n=24) were 24.1, 17.8 cM, 438.4 cM and 26.2%, respectively. They were complex variation and uneven among the chromosomes. These introgression lines could be used to identify the favorable genes of O. minuta and provide a new platform for the genetic improvement of cultivated rice.     

Isolation of transgenic progeny of maize by embryo rescue under selective conditions

Summary Fertile transgenic maize plants (T₀) and progeny (T₁) were obtained using microprojectile bombardment and callus selection on hygromycin B. To quickly identify progeny expressing the transgene, embryos from T3 generation kernels were excised 20 days after pollination and exposed to different concentrations of hygromycin B. Surviving and non-surviving embryos were assayed for the presence of the hygromycin phosphotransferase (aphIV) gene using polymerase chain reaction. Embryos that germinated and survived on 25, 50, or 100 mg/liter hygromycin possessed theaphIV gene. Embryos that did not germinate lacked the gene. Progeny surviving selection were transferred to the greenhouse and tested for expression of the gene using a leaf disc assay. The results demonstrated that the gene construct was expressed in both embryo and leaf tissue and that selection during germination successfully eliminated progeny lacking the gene of interest. This method is also useful for rapid-cycling of maize generations.     

应用胚挽救技术获得三倍体柑橘植株

以3个柑橘异源四倍体体细胞杂种(即四倍体粗柠檬与哈姆林甜橙体细胞杂种,简称"HR";酸柚与粗柠檬体细胞杂种,简称"SR";墨西哥来檬与伏令夏甜橙体细胞杂种,简称"KV")为父本,分别与二倍体单胚性沙田柚进行有性杂交,在有性胚还没有完全败育以前,通过胚抢救技术进行三倍体植株培养(以四季柚花粉亲本为对照)。结果表明,处理的杂交组合直接成苗率极显著低于对照(P0.01),其中又以沙田柚×HR组合成苗率相对较高,达10.1%;较适合瘪籽沙田柚幼胚离体培养的培养基是MT+GA31.0mg/L+蜂皇浆200mg/L+水解乳蛋白250mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂0.7%;流式细胞分析仪检测结果显示,本试验成功获得了柑橘三倍体植株。     

Immature embryo rescue,culture and seedling development of acid citrus fruit derived from interploid hybridization

Interploid sexual hybridizations were completed in 2001 and 2002 between seven lemon (Citrus limon(L.) Burm. f.) varieties, Key lime (C. aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swing), Palestine sweet lime (C. imettioides Tan.), Lakeland limequat (C. aurantifolia x Fortunella japonica (Thumb.) Swing.), and Etrog citron (C. medica L.) as diploid progenitors and four allotetraploid somatic hybrids (Key lime + Valencia orange, Hamlin orange + Femminello lemon, Valencia orange + Rough lemon, and Valencia orange+ Femminello lemon) in efforts to generate improved seedless triploid acid fruit hybrids. Efficient recovery of triploid progeny from such crosses requires embryo rescue to avoid embryo abortion due to endosperm failure. Germination of rescued genetically diverse immature embryos was induced on two culture media (EME and Gamborgs B5), with two sucrose concentrations (50 or 70 g l^–1). All media contained 0.5 g l^–1 malt extract and 4.50 M GA₃. Germination of globular, heart and torpedo shaped embryos (defined as small embryos) was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by medium and genotype. Gamborgs medium induced 82.89% germination. Of germinated embryos, 11–65% developed into normal plants with differences among crosses. Cotyledonary embryos (defined as immature embryos with fully developed cotyledons) germinated and developed into normal plants at higher rates than less-developed embryos. In efforts to improve the efficiency of plant recovery, small embryos from Todo el año × HF and Lisbon × HF crosses conducted during 2002 were rescued and cultured on three media (MS, Gamborgs, and RMA) for comparison. Media did not significantly affect the proportion of normal plant recovery.