斑节对虾两个野生亲虾种群遗传多样性

采用RAPD和mtDNA 16S rRNA基因序列分析方法对海南和马来西亚斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)种群进行了遗传多样性和遗传分化研究.结果表明:15个RAPD随机引物共检测到82个位点,海南和马来西亚种群的多态位点比例分别为75.90％和76.83％,杂合度分别为0.199和0.218,遗传多样性指数分别为0.276和0.288,种群间的遗传距离为0.015;16S rRNA基因检测的种内遗传变异较低,马来西亚和海南种群的核苷酸多样性分别为0.011和0,种群之间的遗传距离为0.008;马来西亚种群比海南种群的遗传变异水平要高得多,且海南种群可能起源于马来西亚种群;进行遗传选育时可考虑引进马来西亚亲虾作为奠基群体.     

基于12S和16S rRNA序列的湍蛙属部分物种的系统发育关系

测定了湍蛙属 6个种共 10个种群 ,以及 4个外群种的线粒体 12S和 16SrRNA基因片段 ,比对后有94 0bp序列 ,发现 35 2个变异位点、 186个简约性位点。运用NJ法、MP法、ML法构建了系统关系树 ,各系统树一致表明内群为一单系群 ,分为两组 :第一组中 ,四川湍蛙两种群先聚合 ,再和棕点湍蛙聚为一支 ;第二组中 ,香港湍蛙和戴云湍蛙聚为一支 ,而香港大屿山离岛湍蛙种群首先与华南湍蛙相聚 ,再与武夷湍蛙构成姐妹支。研究结果表明 :香港地区增加 1种湍蛙分布 ;戴云湍蛙是一有效种 ;四川湍蛙的石棉和洪雅种群间遗传差异达到或超过其他种间的分歧水平。     

广西发现荔波臭蛙

荔波臭蛙（Odorrana liboensis）已知仅分布于贵州省荔波县茂兰国家级自然保护区。2021年8月,在广西壮族自治区百色市那坡县弄尧（23°01′21″ N,105°50′58″ E）采集到2号臭蛙标本（1雌,1雄）。经鉴定为荔波臭蛙,属广西两栖纲新记录物种。2号标本在形态上与荔波臭蛙模式标本基本一致,仅体型大小和腹部体色稍有差异。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因部分序列构建的系统发育树表明,荔波臭蛙那坡种群与模式标本聚为一支,支持率为100%,遗传距离为1.5%。本研究表明,荔波臭蛙广西那坡种群与模式产地种群存在一定的遗传和形态分化,可为蛙类生物地理学研究提供基础数据。     

云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫四个线粒体基因的序列比较

[目的]比较云斑白条天牛Batocera lineolata成虫雌雄个体的4个线粒体基因的序列差异,为研究种群个体分化和系统发育提供借鉴.[方法]以危害杨树云斑白条天牛种群为研究对象,分别提取并扩增云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫的线粒体DNA的COⅠ、COⅡ、Cytb、16S rRNA4个基因.通过序列比对,分析比较4个线粒体基因序列在雌雄成虫个体间的差异.[结果]危害杨树云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫的4个线粒体基因存在差异.在碱基序列相似度方面,COⅡ基因雌雄成虫间差异最大,相似度为98.3％,在比较的650个碱基位点中,2个缺失碱基,8个不一致碱基;其次为COⅠ,相似度为98.6％,比较的714个碱基位点中,5个缺失碱基,2个不一致碱基;再次为Cytb,相似度为98.9％,在比较的472个碱基位点中,4个不一致碱基;差异最小的为16S rRNA,相似度为99.2％,在比较的833个碱基位点中,2个缺失碱基,3个不一致碱基.在碱基含量方面,4个基因雌成虫A+T与C+G含量差值均高于雄成虫,Cyt b基因雌雄成虫A+T高出C+G含量的差值最高分别为40.84％和40.96％,16S rRNA差值其次分别为40.10％和40.70％,COⅡ差值再次分别为38.94％和38.22％,COⅠ差值最小分别为30.52％和30.16％.[结论]危害杨树云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫的mtDNA COⅠ、COⅡ、Cytb、16S rRNA在碱基序列相似度和碱基含量方面均存在差异,在分析种群个体分化和系统发育时,条件允许的情况下可以区分云斑白条天牛雌雄个体.     

中国大陆黑斑侧褶蛙基于mtDNA控制区序列的种群遗传结构

用分子遗传数据研究了黑斑侧褶蛙 (Pelophylaxnigromaculata)种群的遗传结构和分化。标本采自中国大陆的 12个地点 ,每个种群测定 10只或少于 10只蛙的mtDNA控制区 5′端 6 85bp的序列。 112只蛙的序列经比对后 ,共发现 111个变异位点 ,定义了 6 7种单元型 ,其中 7种单元型为地方种群间共享单元型 ,多数单元型为地方种群内特有。 12个地方种群合并成一个大种群分析时表明 ,中国大陆黑斑侧褶蛙的线粒体单元型多样性相当高 (h=0 98± 0 0 0 5 ) ,总体核苷酸多样性也较高 (π =0 0 30 3± 0 0 0 2 9)。这样高的单元型多样性和核苷酸多样性与黑斑侧褶蛙作为古北界和东洋界的广布种、种群大是相应的。基于最大简约法的单元型系统发生树和基于邻接法的地方种群系统发生分析中 ,吉林通化和辽宁辽阳种群与中国大陆其他地方种群构成姐妹群。分子变异分析表明 ,吉林和辽宁种群代表的吉辽组和其余 10个地方种群代表的综合组间出现了显著的种群分化 (Φ CT=0 80 9,P <0 0 0 1) ,各地方种群间成对的FST及种群间的核苷酸歧异度也均表明两者之间出现了显著的遗传分化。吉辽组与综合组间的遗传分化最可能的原因就是受第四纪冰川的影响     

POPU金钱豹mtDNA ND5基因序列及其遗传变异

测定山西7个不同地域金钱豹9个体mtDNA ND5基因部分序列,结合GenBank下载的37条序列,进行遗传多样性分析,用豹属的狮Panthera leo和虎Panthera tigris作外群,构建其不同单倍型的NJ分子聚类关系。46条序列共产生18个单倍型,单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度指数表明金钱豹的遗传多样性比较丰富,AMOVA分析显示其种群间出现显著的遗传分化。单倍型聚类分析表明,亚洲和非洲种群尽管有一定的分化,但其置信度很低,不足以形成各自独立的分支。     

POPULATION GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PANTHERA PARDUS BASED ON MTDNA ND5 GENE SEQUENCES

测定山西7个不同地域金钱豹9个体mtDNA ND5基因部分序列,结合GenBank 下载的37条序列,进行遗传多样性分析,用豹属的狮Panthera leo和虎Panthera tigris作外群,构建其不同单倍型的NJ分子聚类关系.46条序列共产生18个单倍型,单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度指数表明金钱豹的遗传多样性比较丰富,AMOVA分析显示其种群间出现显著的遗传分化.单倍型聚类分析表明,亚洲和非洲种群尽管有一定的分化,但其置信度很低,不足以形成各自独立的分支.     

重庆发现云南小狭口蛙及其系统发育关系

2021年5月在重庆武隆仙女山国家森林公园采集到3号小狭口蛙标本,经形态学及分子生物学鉴定为云南小狭口蛙（Glyphoglossus yunnanensis）,属重庆市两栖动物分布新记录种。本文给出了这3号标本的17项外形特征测量值,并描述了其生境特征。对10个不同地理种群的云南小狭口蛙种群相关16S rRNA基因片段构建最大似然树表明,重庆武隆标本与云南小狭口蛙产地标本序列聚在一起,且其间的遗传距离为0.6%,远远小于小狭口蛙属物种之间的遗传距离。重庆武隆的这一分布点,使得对云南小狭口蛙在我国分布的认知往东北延伸了超过350 km。云南小狭口蛙在重庆武隆的分布新记录能帮助理解该物种潜在分布区以及谱系地理。     

内蒙古中部小驼嗡蜣螂七个种群的遗传多样性

采用RAPD分子标记技术分析了内蒙古中部地区小驼嗡蜣螂（Onthophagus gibbulus）7个种群的遗传多样性及遗传分化。16条引物共检测到363条带,总多态位点比率为100％,Nei基因多样度为0．280,总的Shannon信息指数为0．433,结果表明,小驼嗡蜣螂种群遗传多样性丰富。在总的遗传变异中,12．57％的变异存在于种群间,87．43％的变异存在于种群内,种群间的遗传分化程度较低,种群间遗传分化系数（Gst）在0．074～0．203,基因流（Nm）在4．569～9．791,表明种群间存在广泛的基因交流。在本研究涉及的地理范围内,小驼嗡蜣螂种群的遗传距离与地理距离不相关,说明小驼嗡蜣螂种群间的分化与其生境的异质性有关。     

江西井冈山地区灰胸竹鸡的遗传多样性研究

灰胸竹鸡Bambusicola thoracica是我国特有鸟类.本文采用聚合链式反应和直接测序的方法测定井冈山地区灰胸竹鸡3个种群线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区1142 bp的序列,分析其序列变异和种群遗传多样性.30个样本共发现16个变异位点和10种单倍型,其中hapl广泛分布,占所分析样本的23.33%,是其祖先单倍型.3个种群的平均单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.815和0.00243.青原区种群与其它两个种群遗传分化显著,基因交流受限制.受隔离影响,青原区种群遗传多样性最低.在系统发生树上,10种单倍型形成两支,井冈山种群和永新县种群聚在一起,与其地理位置相一致.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.