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1.
The objective of our study is to correlate Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Br, Sr, and Mo concentrations in human teeth crown, root, and bone.
The samples, teeth from a lower jaw bone and the lower jaw bone itself, were obtained from a 97-yr-old female cadaver. Two
hundred milligrams of crown and root of the teeth, and lower jaw bones were fixed to a Kapton film and irradiated with a 3.8-MeV
external proton beam from an 8-MV FN Tandem Van de Graaff Accelerator.
TheF-test was used to analyze the difference between crown, root, and bone. It resulted in the following: For Fe, Zn, and Pb,
the comparison showed significant differences among the three sample populations of tooth crown, root, and bone; for Cu, Br,
Sr, and Mo, the comparison showed no significant differences among all three sample populations.
Several elements in the samples were highly interrelated. 相似文献
2.
Much is known about the essentiality of the halogens fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), and iodine (I), but very little has been
discussed with respect to bromine (Br). As a member of the halogen family its chemical properties are comparable to those
of other halogens, but its presence has been masked by the presence of I and Cl in chemical analyses. By virtue of new technology
and a special computerized machine called the Kevex Model 0600 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Induced X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer
(EDXRF), we can specifically identify bromine in different compartments and verify its concentration accurately. In order
to establish standard values of Br concentrations and evaluate the nature of its presence in humans, samples of serum, urine,
and hair were collected from ten healthy adult males and analyzed for bromine content. Our samples had normal distributions,
with serum bromine levels ranging from 3.2 to 5.6 μg/mL, urine levels between 0.3 to 7.0 μg/mL, and hair levels determined
from 1.1 to 49.0 μg/mL. These levels, especially those of serum bromine, have been encountered by other examiners whose samples
also had normal distributions. These findings suggest to us that bromine may well be an essential trace element, as are its
other halogen family members. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether zinc and calcium could interact at the tissue level. In the first
part of the study, adult rats were injected with ZnCl2 dissolved in a physiological saline solution to determine the effects of Zn on Ca levels in various tissues. In the second
part of the study, weaned rats (at day 22 postnatally) were fed a diet supplemented with Zn until day 50 and were then sacrificed.
In both instances, blood, brain, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle were taken and analyzed. In the Zn-injected group, the
brain, heart, and liver showed no interaction between Zn and Ca. The skeletal muscle, in contrast, showed a decrease in Ca
in the homogenate, whereas Zn contents showed a significant increase at the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Likewise, in the
Zn-supplemented group, the Zn content of the SR vesicle of the skeletal muscle showed an increase, whereas Ca content of the
pellet (14,000 g), which contains cell debris, nucleus, mitochondria, and SR vesicles of this group, showed a decrease. Current
findings suggest antagonistic effects between Zn and Ca on this tissue. Zn may play a critical role in cellular function through
the alteration of itnracellular distribution of Ca in skeletal muscle. 相似文献
4.
Paulo R. M. Silva Jose G. Dorea Geraldo R. Boaventura 《Biological trace element research》1997,59(1-3):57-62
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used for routine analysis of small samples of human
milk. The concentrations of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and zinc
(Zn) were determined in 203 milk samples from postpartum women at different stages of lactation after stepwise digestion in
HNO3, HCIO4, and H2O2 under heat. Validation of the procedure was achieved using certified reference material of bovine liver (NBS 1577) with mean
recoveries of 103.5%. The concentrations of the above elements in milk matrix were comparable with previously reported values.
The analytical results from breast milk will provide reference information for mineral studies of Brazilian mothers and breast-fed
infants. 相似文献
5.
Leslie M. Klevay 《Biological trace element research》1982,4(2-3):95-104
Meals of 12 diets were prepared from conventional foods with precautions against contamination by metallic elements because
of epidemiologic associations between ischemic heart disease and the metabolism of magnesium, calcium, copper, and zinc. Magnesium,
calcium, copper, and zinc were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry with satisfactory accuracy and precision.
The mean daily amount of copper in the diets was less than the apparent adult requirement. Mean amounts of magnesium and zinc
were close to apparent requirements; however, adults consuming amounts less than one standard deviation below these means
may be depleting body stores and be at risk of pathology.
Magnesium and copper were highly correlated (r=0.849,P=0.0001) in meals. This and other significant correlations probably will prevent the relationships of these elements to ischemic
heart disease from being elucidated by epidemiology. Metabolic experiments will be necessary to differentiate among several
hypotheses. 相似文献
6.
G. V. Iyengar 《Biological trace element research》1987,12(1):263-295
This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues
and body fluids.
A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements
of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or
partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America,
Australia, and New Zealand.
This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world.
It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several
elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different
countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn.
Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples
requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as
Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available.
In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies
to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions,
which sadly lack data of any kind at present. 相似文献
7.
Phasor analysis of multiphoton spectral images distinguishes autofluorescence components of in vivo human skin
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Farzad Fereidouni Arjen N. Bader Anne Colonna Hans C. Gerritsen 《Journal of biophotonics》2014,7(8):589-596
Skin contains many autofluorescent components that can be studied using spectral imaging. We employed a spectral phasor method to analyse two photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation images of in vivo human skin. This method allows segmentation of images based on spectral features. Various structures in the skin could be distinguished, including Stratum Corneum, epidermal cells and dermis. The spectral phasor analysis allowed investigation of their fluorescence composition and identification of signals from NADH, keratin, FAD, melanin, collagen and elastin. Interestingly, two populations of epidermal cells could be distinguished with different melanin content. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
8.
Richard F. Puchyr Dean A. Bass Rob Gajewski Mishelle Calvin William Marquardt Karen Urek Mary Ellen Druyan David Quig 《Biological trace element research》1998,62(3):167-182
The preparation of hair for the determination of elements is a critical component of the analysis procedure. Open-beaker,
closedvessel microwave, and flowthrough microwave digestion are methods that have been used for sample preparation and are
discussed. A new digestion method for use with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed. The
method uses 0.2 g of hair and 3 mL of concentrated nitric acid in an atmospheric pressurelow-temperature microwave digestion
(APLTMD) system. This preparation method is useful in handling a large numbers of samples per day and may be adapted to hair
sample weights ranging from 0.08 to 0.3 g. After digestion, samples are analyzed by ICP-MS to determine the concentration
of Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb,
I, Cs, Ba, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U. Benefits of the APLTMD include reduced contamination and sample handling, and
increased precision, reliability, and sample throughput. 相似文献
9.
The diets of over two-thirds of the world's population lack one or more essential mineral elements. This can be remedied through dietary diversification, mineral supplementation, food fortification, or increasing the concentrations and/or bioavailability of mineral elements in produce (biofortification). This article reviews aspects of soil science, plant physiology and genetics underpinning crop biofortification strategies, as well as agronomic and genetic approaches currently taken to biofortify food crops with the mineral elements most commonly lacking in human diets: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I) and selenium (Se). Two complementary approaches have been successfully adopted to increase the concentrations of bioavailable mineral elements in food crops. First, agronomic approaches optimizing the application of mineral fertilizers and/or improving the solubilization and mobilization of mineral elements in the soil have been implemented. Secondly, crops have been developed with: increased abilities to acquire mineral elements and accumulate them in edible tissues; increased concentrations of 'promoter' substances, such as ascorbate, β-carotene and cysteine-rich polypeptides which stimulate the absorption of essential mineral elements by the gut; and reduced concentrations of 'antinutrients', such as oxalate, polyphenolics or phytate, which interfere with their absorption. These approaches are addressing mineral malnutrition in humans globally. 相似文献
10.
A particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis method is presented, which allows measurement of eight elements (i.e., K,
Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, and Rb) in human brain samples of only a few mg dry weight. The precision and accuracy of the method
were investigated by analyzing animal brain matter with both PIXE and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The
method was applied to measure the 8 elements in 46 different regions of 3 human brains. The sections analyzed originated from
either the left or the right cerebral hemisphere, brain stem, and cerebellum. For one of the brains, sections were also analyzed
from 26 corresponding regions of both hemispheres. For all elements, similar concentrations were found in the corresponding
areas of the left and right sides of the brain. The concentrations (in μg/g dry weight) of the elements K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se,
and Rb were consistently higher in cortical structures than in white matter. Deep nuclei and brain stem, which have a mixed
composition, showed intermediate values for K, Zn, Se, and Rb. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the various
brain regions clustered into two large groups, one comprising gray and mixed matter regions and the other, white and mixed
matter brain areas. 相似文献
11.
Svensson AK Bilsel O Kondrashkina E Zitzewitz JA Matthews CR 《Journal of molecular biology》2006,364(5):1084-1102
Mutations at many different sites in the gene encoding human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) are known to be causative agents in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One explanation for the molecular basis of this pathology is the aggregation of marginally soluble, partially structured states whose populations are enhanced in the protein variants. As a benchmark for testing this hypothesis, the equilibrium and kinetic properties of the reversible folding reaction of a metal-free variant of SOD were investigated. Reversibility was achieved by replacing the two non-essential cysteine residues with non-oxidizable analogs, C6A/C111S, to produce apo-AS-SOD. The metal-free pseudo-wild-type protein is folded and dimeric in the absence of chemical denaturants, and its equilibrium folding behavior is well described by an apparent two-state mechanism involving the unfolded monomer and the native dimer. The apparent free energy of folding in the absence of denaturant and at standard state is -20.37(+/- 1.04) kcal (mol dimer)(-1). A global analysis of circular dichroism kinetic traces for both unfolding and refolding reactions, combined with results from small angle X-ray scattering and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements, supports a sequential mechanism involving the unfolded monomer, a folded monomeric intermediate, and the native dimer. The rate-limiting monomer folding reaction is followed by a near diffusion-limited self-association reaction to form the native dimer. The relative population of the folded monomeric intermediate is predicted not to exceed 0.5% at micromolar concentrations of protein under equilibrium and both strongly unfolding and refolding conditions for metal-free pseudo-wild-type SOD. 相似文献
12.
Gabant G Lorphelin A Nozerand N Marchetti C Bellanger L Dedieu A Quéméneur E Alpha-Bazin B 《Journal of molecular biology》2008,380(3):489-503
Human checkpoint kinase 2 is a major actor in checkpoint activation through phosphorylation by ataxia telangiectasia mutated in response to DNA double-strand breaks. In the absence of de novo DNA damage, its autoactivation, reported in the event of increased Cds1/checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) expression, has been attributed to oligomerization. Here we report a study performed on autoactivated recombinant Chk2 proteins that aims to correlate kinase activity and phosphorylation status. Using a fluorescence-based technique to assay human checkpoint kinase 2 catalytic activity, slight differences in the ability to phosphorylate Cdc25C were observed, depending on the recombinant system used. Using mass spectrometry, the phosphorylation sites were mapped to identify sites potentially involved in the kinase activity. Five phosphorylated positions, at Ser120, Ser260, Thr225, Ser379 and Ser435, were found to be common to bacteria and insect cells expression systems. They were present in addition to the six known phosphorylation sites induced by ionizing radiation (Thr68, Thr432, Thr387, Ser516, Ser33/35 and Ser19) detected by immunoblotting. After phosphatase treatment, Chk2 regained activity via autorephosphorylation. The determination of the five common sites and ionizing-radiation-inducible positions as rephosphorylated confirms that they are potential positive regulators of Chk2 kinase activity. For Escherichia coli's most highly phosphorylated 6His-Chk2, 13 additional phosphorylation sites were assigned, including 7 novel sites on top of recently reported phosphorylation sites. 相似文献
13.
Mallawaaratchy DM Mactier S Kaufman KL Blomfield K Christopherson RI 《Journal of Proteomics》2012,75(5):1590-1599
The proposed anticancer drug LY294002, inhibits phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) that initiates a signalling pathway often activated in colorectal cancer (CRC). The effects of LY294002 (10 μM, 48 h) on the cytosolic, mitochondrial and nuclear proteomes of human HT-29 CRC cells have been determined using iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Analysis of cells treated with LY294002 identified 26 differentially abundant proteins that indicate several mechanisms of action. The majority of protein changes were directly or indirectly associated with Myc and TNF-α, previously implicated in CRC progression. LY294002 decreased the levels of 6 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (average 0.39-fold) required for protein translation, 5 glycolytic enzymes (average 0.37-fold) required for ATP synthesis, and 3 chaperones required for protein folding. There was a 3.2-fold increase in lysozyme C involved in protein-glycoside hydrolysis. LY294002 increased cytosolic p53 with a concomitant decrease in nuclear p53, suggesting transfer of p53 to the cytosol where apoptosis might be initiated via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Protein changes described here suggest that the anti-angiogenic effects of LY294002 may be related to p53; the mutational status of p53 in CRC may be an important determinant of the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors for treatment. 相似文献
14.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. It has been shown that the nsSNP variants play an important role in diseases, however it remained unclear how these variants are associated with the disease. Recently, several CRC risk associated SNPs have been discovered, however rs961253 (Lys25Arg at 20p12.3) located in the proximity of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) and fermitin family homolog 1 Fermt1 genes have been reported to be highly associated with the CRC risk. Here we provide evidence for the first time in silico biological functional and structural implications of non-synonymous (nsSNPs) CRC disease-associated variant Lys25Arg via molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Protein structural analysis was performed with a particular variant allele (A/C, Lys25Arg) and compared with the predicted native protein structure. Our results showed that this nsSNP will cause changes in the protein structure and as a result is associated with the disease. In addition to the native and mutant 3D structures of CRC associated risk allele protein domain (CRAPD), they were also analyzed using solvent accessibility models for further protein stability confirmation. Taken together, this study confirmed that this variant has functional effect and structural impact on the CRAPD and may play an important role in CRC disease progression; hence it could be a reasonable approach for studying the effect of other deleterious variants in future studies. 相似文献
15.
The core complex of photosystem II (PSII) was purified from thermophillic cyanobaterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus grown in Sr2+-containing and Ca2+-free medium. Functional in vivo incorporation of Sr2+ into the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) was confirmed by EPR analysis of the isolated and highly purified SrPSII complex in agreement with the previous study of Boussac et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 22809-22819]. Three-dimensional crystals of SrPSII complex were obtained which diffracted to 3.9 Å and belonged to the orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions of a = 133.6 Å, b = 236.6 Å, c = 307.8 Å. Anomalous diffraction data collected at the Sr K-X-ray absorption edge identified a novel Sr2+-binding site which, within the resolution of these data (6.5 Å), is consistent with the positioning of Ca2+ in the recent crystallographic models of PSII [Ferreira et al. Science 303 (2004) 1831-1838, Loll et al. Nature 438 (2005) 1040-1044]. Fluorescence measurements on SrPSII crystals confirmed that crystallized SrPSII was active in transferring electrons from the OEC to the acceptor site of the reaction centre. However, SrPSII showed altered functional properties of its modified OEC in comparison with that of the CaPSII counterpart: slowdown of the QA-to-QB electron transfer and stabilized S2QA− charge recombination. 相似文献
16.
Carlos Campos Rodrigo GuzmánEncarnación López-Fernández Ángela Casado 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2011,1812(7):760-768
Urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress have been little studied in adults with Down syndrome (DS), usually no more than two biomarkers have been measured in the population studied and controversial results are reported in literature. Thus, we aimed to assess a set of oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers in urine samples of adolescents and adults with DS, with and without hypothyroidism, which comprise: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), isoprostane 15-F2t-IsoP, thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), dityrosine (diTyr), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx). Fluorimetric and spectrophotometric assays were performed in DS (n = 78), some of them taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism (n = 24), and in their healthy age-matched controls (n = 65). We found that levels of AGEs, diTyr, H2O2 and NOx are increased in DS patients in any or in all age groups, whereas Cr levels were lower in DS than in controls in all age groups. Besides, correlations with age in DS were positive for diTyr and negative for Cr, TBARS, 15-F2t-IsoP and NOx. We also found lower levels of Cr from 15 to 19 years, higher levels of TBARS and AGEs from 20 to 40 years and higher levels of diTyr from 15 to 40 years in DS patients receiving levothyroxine than in DS without hypothyroidism diagnosed. We conclude that AGEs, diTyr, H2O2 and NOx could be used as oxidative stress biomarkers in DS in contrast to 8-OHdG, 15-F2t-IsoP and TBARS, at least with the methods used. However, renal impairment could occur in DS and Cr adjustment may bias the results, particularly in hypothyroid patients. 相似文献
17.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and is associated with various clinico-pathological characteristics such as genetic mutations and viral infections. Therefore, numerous laboratories look out for identifying always new putative markers for the improvement of HCC diagnosis/prognosis. Many molecular profiling studies investigated gene expression changes related to HCC. HepG2 represents a pure cell line of human liver carcinoma, often used as HCC model due to the absence of viral infection. In this study we compare gene expression profiles associated with HepG2 (as HCC model) and normal hepatocyte cells by microarray technology. Hierarchical cluster analysis of genes evidenced that 2646 genes significantly down-regulated in HepG2 cells compared to hepatocytes whereas a further 3586 genes significantly up-regulated. By using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) program, we have classified the genes that were differently expressed and studied the functional networks correlating these genes in the complete human interactome. Moreover, to confirm the differentially expressed genes as well as the reliability of our microarray data, we performed a quantitative Real time RT-PCR analysis on 9 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated genes, respectively. In conclusion this work i) provides a gene signature of human hepatoma cells showing genes that change their expression as a consequence of liver cancer in the absence of any genetic mutations or viral infection, ii) evidences new differently expressed genes found in our signature compared to previous published studies and iii) suggests some genes on which to focus future studies to understand if they can be used to improve the HCC prognosis/diagnosis. 相似文献
18.
Gregori J Villarreal L Méndez O Sánchez A Baselga J Villanueva J 《Journal of Proteomics》2012,75(13):3938-3951
Shotgun proteomics has become the standard proteomics technique for the large-scale measurement of protein abundances in biological samples. Despite quantitative proteomics has been usually performed using label-based approaches, label-free quantitation offers advantages related to the avoidance of labeling steps, no limitation in the number of samples to be compared, and the gain in protein detection sensitivity. However, since samples are analyzed separately, experimental design becomes critical. The exploration of spectral counting quantitation based on LC-MS presented here gathers experimental evidence of the influence of batch effects on comparative proteomics. The batch effects shown with spiking experiments clearly interfere with the biological signal. In order to minimize the interferences from batch effects, a statistical correction is proposed and implemented. Our results show that batch effects can be attenuated statistically when proper experimental design is used. Furthermore, the batch effect correction implemented leads to a substantial increase in the sensitivity of statistical tests. Finally, the applicability of our batch effects correction is shown on two different biomarker discovery projects involving cancer secretomes. We think that our findings will allow designing and executing better comparative proteomics projects and will help to avoid reaching false conclusions in the field of proteomics biomarker discovery. 相似文献
19.
Angelo Fontana Barbara SpolaorePatrizia Polverino de Laureto 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics》2013,1834(6):1125-1143
A complex formed by human α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and oleic acid (OA), named HAMLET, has been shown to have an apoptotic activity leading to the selective death of tumor cells. In numerous publications it has been reported that in the complex α-LA is monomeric and adopts a partly folded or “molten globule” state, leading to the idea that partly folded proteins can have “beneficial effects”. The protein/OA molar ratio initially has been reported to be 1:1, while recent data have indicated that the OA-complex is given by an oligomeric protein capable of binding numerous OA molecules per protein monomer. Proteolytic fragments of α-LA, as well as other proteins unrelated to α-LA, can form OA-complexes with biological activities similar to those of HAMLET, thus indicating that a generic protein can form a cytotoxic complex under suitable experimental conditions. Moreover, even the selective tumoricidal activity of HAMLET-like complexes has been questioned. There is recent evidence that the biological activity of long chain unsaturated fatty acids, including OA, can be ascribed to their effect of perturbing the structure of biological membranes and consequently the function of membrane-bound proteins. In general, it has been observed that the cytotoxic effects exerted by HAMLET-like complexes are similar to those reported for OA alone. Overall, these findings can be interpreted by considering that the protein moiety does not have a toxic effect on its own, but merely acts as a solubilising agent for the inherently toxic fatty acid. 相似文献
20.
Lessig J Gey C Schiller J Süss R Paasch U Grunewald S Glander HJ Arnhold J 《Chemistry and physics of lipids》2005,135(2):201-211
The fertilising ability of human spermatozoa may be impaired by inflammations of the genital tract, although details of these processes are still unknown. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), an important product of myeloperoxidase released from stimulated neutrophils, induces a concentration-dependent increase in externalisation of phosphatidylserine in ejaculated human spermatozoa as revealed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. The increase of annexin-V binding cells starts already at about 10(-5) mol/l HOCl, while a formation of lysophosphatidylcholines as detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is only found at HOCl concentrations higher than 10(-4) mol/l. Thus, changes in lipid composition of spermatozoa are unlikely responsible for the phosphatidylcholine (PS)-externalisation. These data gave concomitant evidence that HOCl itself leads to a dramatic damage of the cell membrane. Thus, the neutrophil-derived HOCl contributes to the deterioration of spermatozoa leading to diminished fertilisation ability. 相似文献