Effect of heat on virus inactivation by ammonia

The rate of inactivation of bacteriophage f2 and poliovirus 1 (CHAT) by NH3 was strongly influenced by temperature. The process was pseudo-first order at all temperatures and NH3 concentrations. Poliovirus was inactivated at a greater rate than f2, but the change in the rate of inactivation with increasing temperature in the range of approximately 10 to 40 degrees C was greater for f2 than for poliovirus. At higher temperatures, the rate of change was greater for poliovirus. Arrhenius plots of the data were biphasic, indicating that two inactivation processes were occurring, one for the low temperature range and another for the high temperature range. However, the magnitudes of the thermodynamic variables for f2 were low enough, as calculated for the low (10 to 35 degrees C) and high (35 to 60 degrees C) phases, that inactivation could have occurred by breakage of nucleic acid chains. For poliovirus, the sizes indicated possible involvement of nucleic acid at the low temperatures (10 to 40 degrees C) but some unknown mechanism for the high temperatures (40 and 50 degrees C).     

Effect of heat on virus inactivation by ammonia.

The rate of inactivation of bacteriophage f2 and poliovirus 1 (CHAT) by NH3 was strongly influenced by temperature. The process was pseudo-first order at all temperatures and NH3 concentrations. Poliovirus was inactivated at a greater rate than f2, but the change in the rate of inactivation with increasing temperature in the range of approximately 10 to 40 degrees C was greater for f2 than for poliovirus. At higher temperatures, the rate of change was greater for poliovirus. Arrhenius plots of the data were biphasic, indicating that two inactivation processes were occurring, one for the low temperature range and another for the high temperature range. However, the magnitudes of the thermodynamic variables for f2 were low enough, as calculated for the low (10 to 35 degrees C) and high (35 to 60 degrees C) phases, that inactivation could have occurred by breakage of nucleic acid chains. For poliovirus, the sizes indicated possible involvement of nucleic acid at the low temperatures (10 to 40 degrees C) but some unknown mechanism for the high temperatures (40 and 50 degrees C).     

Selective inactivation of the infectivity of freeze-dried Sendai virus by heat

The infectivity of freeze-dried Sendai virus was destroyed after heating at 100 ° C for 20 min while the hemagglutinin (HA) titer and the hemolytic (HL) activity were not affected. The HA titer was unaltered after heating at up to 140 ° C for 30 min. The HL activity was increased after freeze-drying, further increased after heating of freeze-dried virus at 115 ° C for 20 min, but was destroyed after heating for 30 min at 140 ° C.The selective heat inactivation of freeze-dried Sendai virus could be of use in the production of myxovirus vaccines and inactivated virus for cell-fusion studies.     

Haematogenous spread of poliomyelitis virus

Summary In rhesus monkeys inoculated intramuscularly with the Leon strain of poliomyelitis virus, the agent could be recovered from the blood during the first five days of the incubation period. It was apparently associated with the blood cells. It was also demonstrable in the inoculated muscle during the first 7 days. Moreover, virus was present in the sciatic nerves and in the regional lymphnodes. The significance of these findings in relation to the mechanism of infection, and in relation to the possibility of active or passive immunization is discussed. Aided by a grant from the Dr Simon Baruch Foundation and from the National Health Research Council T.N.O.