白菜自交不亲和性的荧光测定

通过亲和指数法及荧光显微观察对白菜的自交不亲和性进行了测定。结果表明,白菜自交不亲和的反应部位在柱头,自花授粉后柱头表面产生明显的胼胝质反应。两种观测法的结果相吻合,荧光显微镜观察法准确、方便,可应用于白菜自交不亲和系的育种实践。     

不结球白菜自交不亲和S单元型的鉴定研究

依据甘蓝SRK基因保守序列设计SRK特异引物并进行验证,通过PCR-RFLP法分析16份不结球白菜自交系材料的SRK基因的多态性,根据其差异鉴定不结球白菜S单元型及自交不亲和性.结果表明:16个不结球白菜自交系SRK基因共产生6种不同的带型,其中有1个是强自交不亲和系,4个是弱自交不亲和系,且与田间测定的亲和指数相符,说明利用SRK基因的多态性鉴定不结球白菜纯合自交系的自交不亲和性和S单元型是可行的.同时对部分材料的SRK基因的核苷酸序列进行分析验证,表明相同类型SRK基因序列一致性较高,且SRK基因存在明显的单核苷酸多态性,为进一步自交不亲和性的研究奠定了基础.     

白芥自交亲和性分析

对不同来源的8份白芥材料,采用人工自交法分析其自交亲和性。结果显示:白芥的自交亲和性存在较大幅度的变异,自交亲和指数在0.01~4.10之间,8份参试材料中,自交亲和指数小于1的材料有3个,自交亲和指数大于1的材料有5个。表明白芥中存在自交亲和材料,白芥自交亲和性变异不仅存在于材料间,而且也存在于同一材料内不同个体间。按自交亲和指数的高低,可将参试材料分为3种类型:高自交亲和类型(自交亲和指数大于3.00,如民乐洪水芥麻、04(X)等)、自交亲和类型(自交亲和指数为1.00~2.99)、自交不亲和类型(自交亲和指数0.00~1.00)。     

高等植物自交不亲和性的分子生物学

自交不亲和性是大多数高等植物防止近亲繁殖的一种遗传屏障。它涉及受精时雄配子（花粉）和雌蕊之间的相互作用。目前,已经分离获得了编码控制雌蕊自交不亲和性的Ｓ基因。在孢子体型自交不亲和的芸苔属中,雌蕊Ｓ基因编码Ｓ位点糖蛋白（ＳＬＧ）和Ｓ受体激酶（ＳＲＫ）。它们可能与磷酸化和去磷酸化参与了的某种信号传递有关,最后导致自交花粉生长的抑制。在配子分配体型自交不亲和的茄科中,雌蕊Ｓ位点糖蛋白为一种核糖核酸酶,称     

樱桃品种S基因型及自交不亲和性分子机制研究进展

系统介绍了樱桃S基因型鉴定的主要方法,全面列出上百个已知甜樱桃品种的S基因型,其中共涉及16个S基因;着重讨论了樱桃S基因座内S-RNase和SFB基因的研究概况、结构特点及位置关系,并提出该领域善待解决的问题。     

植物自交不亲和性机理的研究

植物自交不亲和性机理的研究罗光明,杨雅琴（江西中医学院药学系植物室,南昌３３０００６）在自然条件下,任何植物在开花时,其雌性器官既可能接触种内的花粉,也可能同时接触异种的花粉,但是,只有具备一定遗传背景的个体之间才能实现亲和性的交配。在一般情况下,交...     

芥菜型油菜和白菜型油菜种间杂种遗传分析

种间杂交是一种拓宽栽培作物遗传基础和转移优良性状的重要手段,已经广泛地用于作物品质的改良。本研究通过芥菜型油菜（Brassica juncea L.）和白菜型油菜（Brassica rapa L.）种间杂交,将芥菜型油菜的有利性状转移到白菜型油菜中,创造新型白菜型油菜,以改良白菜型油菜的农艺性状、提高抗逆性和拓宽其遗传基础。研究结果表明：以芥菜型油菜作母本、白菜型油菜作父本的杂交组合较易获得杂交种子,杂种F1植株营养生长具有较明显的杂种优势,但花粉完全不育;以白菜型油菜回交获得的BC1植株间表型差异明显,平均花粉可染率为34.8%,介于 0~84%之间,群体自交不亲和;BC1F1和BC2群体变异广泛,出现自交亲和植株和黄籽植株,平均花粉可染率分别为79.7%和79.1%。     

西藏白菜型油菜遗传多样性的RAPD分析

通过利用22个10bp随机引物对来自西藏高原地区107份白菜型油菜种质资源材料的PAPD分析,探讨了西藏白菜型油菜品种之间的遗传分化关系,结果表明：（1）供试的107份材料共产生236条谱带,其中210条谱带有多态性,占88．98％,说明白菜型油菜在西藏高原地区具有较丰富的遗传多样性;（2）根据引物扩增出的DNA指纹图谱,运用UPGMA分析法,在遗传距离为0．078处,可将供试的107份白菜型油菜划分为11个类群,发现来自于同一地区或气候相似区的品种往往聚在一起,表明西藏高原白菜型油菜品种的相似性与其原产地的地理,气候背景密切相关,并在此基础上,结合西藏高原农业发展历史,气候背景以及地形地貌特点和植物地理学,植物区系学,植物进化论等方面的综合分析,提出西藏高原是世界白菜型油菜起源地的观点。     

植物自交不亲和性研究的文献计量学分析

运用文献计量学原理和方法,对１９９１～１９９５年间有关植物自交不亲和性研究的文献进行计量分析,揭示了其中的动态规律和此项研究的发展趋势。     

核果类果树自交不亲和性研究进展

综述了核果类果树甜樱桃(PFunus avium L.)、杏(P.armeniaca L.)、扁桃(P.dulcis(Mill.)D.A.Webb)和梅(P.mume Sieb)等自交不亲和性的研究进展.着重讨论了S-RNase基因(s基因)和SLF基因(S-locus F-box基因,或称SFB基因),S基因在杂交后代群体中的遗传规律,利用S基因的遗传特性选育自交亲和品种和确定S基因型的主要方法及其特点以及自交亲和机制的几种可能的类型.     

白菜型油菜黄子资源的初步遗传研究

对随机选取的国内外22份黄子白菜型油菜和22份褐子白菜型油菜进行了种皮色泽的显隐性关系鉴定、黄子性状的等位性测验以及遗传多样性分析。结果表明,黄子白菜型油菜与褐子白菜型油菜配组的杂交组合中,部分组合的F1种皮色泽呈现父本的种皮色泽,表现出花粉直感现象;自然界中存在多种白菜型油菜黄子类型,鉴定出的3种黄子白菜型油菜与褐色白菜型油菜的F2种皮色泽均为褐色,表明黄子性状对于褐子性状为隐性;分子标记方差分析结果显示,白菜型油菜的生长习性所解释的遗传变异大于种皮颜色所解释的遗传变异,表明国外不同生长习性的黄子白菜型油菜资源可用于国内黄子白菜型油菜遗传基础的拓宽。     

扫帚菜-白菜轮作对白菜镉吸收的影响

通过盆栽和大田试验研究扫帚菜Kochia scoparia对土壤中镉(Cd)的富集效率,并利用盆栽试验将其与4个白菜品种进行轮作试验,验证扫帚菜对土壤Cd污染的修复效果。结果表明,扫帚菜各部位富集能力表现为叶>根>茎,富集系数分别为15.07、5.44和2.96;种植扫帚菜后土壤总Cd降低6.02%-13.60%;土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性也有所提高。盆栽轮作结果表明,扫帚菜-白菜轮作系统中白菜地上部Cd含量与未轮作的对照组相比平均降低17.21%,生物量有略微增加,地上部对Cd的转运系数无明显变化。结果显示,通过扫帚菜与白菜轮作不仅可以增加白菜产量,而且可以有效降低白菜可食部Cd含量,实现边生产边治理的绿色农业理念。     

芜菁SSR引物的开发及多态性分析

目的:用于芜菁的简单序列重复(SSR)标记数量有限,初步探索多态性较好SSR的结构特性,开发更多的SSR引物,有助于芜菁的研究。方法:开发680对新的SSR引物,以2个芜菁品种为模板进行多态性扩增,筛选出多态性较好的引物。结果:565(83.1%)对引物在2种芜菁之间能够有效扩增,有多态性的引物有141对(20.7%);SSR的长度与其多态性水平之间没有直接的线性关系,但SSR基序碱基数与重复次数和多态性水平之间存在一定的联系,即3碱基为基序、7次重复的SSR多态性较好。结论:SSR的类型与引物的多态性之间有一定的联系。     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of greenhouse-grown Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera

Greenhouse-grown plants of turnip rape Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera (syn. B. campestris) cv. Valtti and Sisu were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection. Of the three A. tumefaciens strains tested (C58C1, EHA105 and LBA4404), LBA4404 gave the best results. Segments excised from one to two upper internodes of an inflorescence-carrying stem served as explants for the Agrobacterium infection. Cultivation of the explants horizontally during the first 3 days of co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens following immediate selection of transformed tissue of the stem segments placed vertically basal side down were critical. Use of silver nitrate (5–10 mg/l) in the culture medium and Micropore (3 M) paper tape for sealing plates was also beneficial. Transgenic shoots were recovered using either hygromycin or kanamycin (20–25 mg/l) selection. Hygromycin was preferable, as the proportion of `escapes' was 90% under kanamycin and 10% under hygromycin selection. Regeneration was achieved by culturing the explants for 3–6 days on 0.5 mg/l of 2,4-di-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1–2 weeks on 2–3 mg/l of 6-benzyl aminopurine with/without 0.05 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Recovered shoots were then cultured on hormone-free MS medium. This culture program gave 60–80% shoot regeneration. Regenerants were tested by histological β-glucuronidase staining and Southern blotting. The recovery rate of transgenic shoots was 4–9% of the number of explants used in the experiments. Received: 28 November 1997 / Revision received: 25 March 1998 / Accepted: 22 November 1998     

Fitness of hybrids between rapeseed (Brassica napus) and wild Brassica rapa in natural habitats

Fitness of hybrids between genetically modified (GM) crops and wild relatives influences the likelihood of ecological harm. We measured fitness components in spontaneous (non-GM) rapeseed x Brassica rapa hybrids in natural populations. The F1 hybrids yielded 46.9% seed output of B. rapa, were 16.9% as effective as males on B. rapa and exhibited increased self-pollination. Assuming 100% GM rapeseed cultivation, we conservatively predict < 7000 second-generation transgenic hybrids annually in the United Kingdom (i.e. approximately 20% of F1 hybrids). Conversely, whilst reduced hybrid fitness improves feasibility of bio-containment, stage projection matrices suggests broad scope for some transgenes to offset this effect by enhancing fitness.     

芜菁的诱导同源四倍体减数分裂分析

细胞学上芜菁 (Brassicarapa)为正常的二倍体 ,具有 1 1的联会和 1 - 1的染色体分离。它的花粉母细胞 (PMC’s )在小孢子发生过程中的减数分裂前期 (M1 )无“B染色体” ,也无任何次级缔合。用 0 0 2 %的秋水仙碱水溶液处理 6h对多倍体的诱导形成明显。诱导出的同源四倍体构型中无联会基因 ,而成 1或 2次交叉的二价体、三价体和四价体。从多倍体逆转的有趣现象中发现 ,4 6 7%的诱导多倍体后来恢复成二倍体。不平衡的染色体分离普遍存在于诱导出的同源四倍体中 ,这就是导致生存能力不同的异常配子体出现的主要原因。异常配子体的结合 ,在芸苔属 (Brassica)现存种的演化中起到了重要作用     

我国部分白菜型油菜 RAPD 的研究

本研究用RAPD技术和统计学方法,对以湖南和湖北省油菜为主的34个白菜型油菜品种的遗传多样性进行了分析。根据离差平方和,用Ward's聚类方法进行聚类。结果表明：白菜型油菜的遗传变异与生态地理分布有密切的关系;湖南和湖北两省的白菜型油菜品种存在广泛的遗传变异;在DNA水平上可将所分析的34个品种分成8个类群。作者对研究结果在遗传育种中的应用进行了讨论。     

Phylogenetic Analysis of Brassica rapa MATH-Domain Proteins

The MATH (meprin and TRAF-C homology) domain is a fold of seven anti-parallel β-helices involved in protein-protein interaction. Here, we report the identification and characterization of 90 MATH-domain proteins from the Brassica rapa genome. By sequence analysis together with MATH-domain proteins from other species, the B. rapa MATH-domain proteins can be grouped into 6 classes. Class-I protein has one or several MATH domains without any other recognizable domain; Class-II protein contains a MATH domain together with a conserved BTB (Broad Complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-a-Brac ) domain; Class-III protein belongs to the MATH/Filament domain family; Class-IV protein contains a MATH domain frequently combined with some other domains; Class-V protein has a relative long sequence but contains only one MATH domain; Class-VI protein is characterized by the presence of Peptidase and UBQ (Ubiquitinylation) domains together with one MATH domain. As part of our study regarding seed development of B. rapa, six genes are screened by SSH (Suppression Subtractive Hybridization) and their expression levels are analyzed in combination with seed developmental stages, and expression patterns suggested that Bra001786, Bra03578 and Bra036572 may be seed development specific genes, while Bra001787, Bra020541 and Bra040904 may be involved in seed and flower organ development. This study provides the first characterization of the MATH domain proteins in B. rapa     

Within-population variation in hybridisation and transgene transfer between wild Brassica rapa and Brassica napus in the UK

Several studies in Europe and North America have shown that cultivated Brassica napus will readily hybridise with wild Brassica rapa but at widely different frequencies. To understand the implications of this phenomenon with regard to transgene flow, we examined the rate at which cultivated B. napus cv. Westar containing a capsid (coat protein, CP)‐coding sequence from Turnip mosaic virus (Potyvirus) hybridised under glasshouse conditions with wild B. rapa from Culham, in Oxfordshire, UK. We found that the hybridisation rate, as judged using simple sequence repeat (SSR)‐PCR and primer oligonucleotides specific for either the C or the A genomes in progeny from individual crosses varied from 5% to 100%. In hybrids (F₁ progeny), transgene transfer was always observed (inferred by SSR‐PCR) when hybrids were detected. Our observations revealed a hitherto unrecorded source of variability in transgene flow to wild UK B. rapa.     

Biomass, reproductive output, and physiological responses of rapid-cycling Brassica (Brassica rapa) to ozone and modified root temperature

Brassica rapa L. (rapid-cycling Brassica), was grown in environmentally controlled chambers to determine the interactive effects of ozone (O₃) and increased root temperature (RT) on biomass, reproductive output, and photosynthesis. Plants were grown with or without an average treatment of 63 ppb O₃. RT treatments were 13°C (LRT) and 18°C (HRT). Air temperatures were 25°C/15°C day/night for all RT treatments.
Ozone affected plant biomass more than did root temperature. Plants in O₃ had significantly smaller total plant d. wt, shoot weight, leaf weight, leaf area and leaf number than plants grown without O₃. LRT plants tended to have slightly smaller total plant d. wt, shoot weight, root weight, leaf weight, leaf area, and leaf number than HRT plants. For all variables, LRT plants grown in O₃ had the smallest biomass, and plants grown in HRT without O₃ had the largest biomass.
Ozone reduced both fruit weight and fruit number; LRT also reduced fruit weight but had no effect on fruit number. Ozone reduced photosynthesis but RT had no effect. Conductance and internal CO₂ were unaffected by O₃ or RT.
These studies indicate that plant growth with LRT might be more reduced in the presence of O₃ than growth in plants with HRT, which might be able to compensate for O₃-caused reductions in photosynthesis to avoid decreased biomass and reproductive output.