乙肝病毒X与Tab1蛋白相互作用的体内外验证

目的:借助实验室前期质谱分析技术和数据分析研究基础,采用免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)和蛋白质沉降实验(GST pull-down)验证HBV X蛋白与Tab1蛋白的相互作用,为进一步研究HBx在HBV慢性感染致癌机制中的作用提供一定的实验依据。方法:成功构建pGEX-2TK-GST-HBx质粒,对GST-HBx融合蛋白进行诱导表达,与GST-beads结合孵育,构建pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)BTab1,转染293T细胞使其表达,然后GST pull-down体外试验验证二者的相互作用;构建pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B-Tab1和pcDNA3.1-3×flag-HBx真核表达质粒,共转染293T和HepG2细胞使其表达,通过Co-IP实验验证抗Myc抗体可以将HBx从细胞裂解液中沉淀下来,证实了它们在两种细胞系中存在相互作用。结果:显示了HBx和Tab1在体内外条件下能够发生相互作用,为进一步明确HBV X蛋白功能及作用机制奠定基础。     

A型流感病毒PB1-F2蛋白与MOAP-1的相互作用

【目的】探讨A型流感病毒PB1-F2蛋白和人类凋亡调节因子1(MOAP-1)之间的相互作用。【方法】构建pACT2-MOAP-1重组质粒,与pGBKT7-PB1-F2质粒共转化酵母AH109,检测转化菌在四缺培养基的生长情况及β半乳糖苷酶报告基因的活性;利用GST pull-down和免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)技术进一步验证PB1-F2与宿主细胞蛋白MOAP-1的相互作用;通过过表达PB1-F2和MOAP-1,检测PB1-F2对MOAP-1蛋白表达水平的影响。【结果】酵母双杂交结果表明,PB1-F2和MOAP-1可以在酵母细胞内特异性结合。GST pull-down和Co-IP实验也进一步证实了这两种蛋白的相互作用,而且PB1-F2可上调外源MOAP-1的蛋白水平。【结论】流感病毒PB1-F2与MOAP-1存在相互作用,PB1-F2可能通过与MOAP-1的相互作用参与调控细胞生长及凋亡过程。     

ORP8 与SPAG5 相互作用并影响细胞周期

目的:筛选与氧化固醇结合蛋白相关蛋白8(Oyxterol binding protein related protein 8,ORP8)相互作用的蛋白质,为揭示ORP8在细胞中的功能及其机制提供线索,并根据相互作用蛋白质初步探索ORP8的功能.方法:构建重组诱饵质粒Pgbkt7-ORP8m,利用GAL4酵母双杂交系统筛选人Universal Cdna文库,筛选出与ORP8相互作用的蛋白质,通过GST Pull-down以及免疫共沉淀(Co-immunoprecipitation,Co-IP)验证蛋白质相互作用,并通过流式细胞仪检测过表达ORP8对HepG2细胞周期的影响.结果:酵母双杂交筛选得到了精子相关抗原5(Homo sapiens sperm associated antigen 5,SPAG5),体外GST pull-down和Co-IP实验确证了ORP8-SPAG5的相互作用,流式细胞术显示ORP8过表达后与空载体相比,人肝癌细胞系HepG2的S期细胞数增加,G1期细胞数减少.结论:SPAG5是与ORP8相互作用的蛋白质,ORP8过表达影响人肝癌细胞系HepG2的细胞周期,可能通过SPAG5起作用.ORP8-SPAG5的相互作用为进一步研究ORP8在肝细胞中的功能及其机制提供了有用的线索     

LIM蛋白KyoT2与人类紧密连接蛋白2的相互作用

KyoT是一种LIM结构域蛋白,是以RBP－J为诱饵蛋白通过酵母双杂交系统得到的新分子,KyoT2可以抑制RBP－J介导的转录,以KyoT2为诱饵蛋白,通过酵母双杂交筛选得到了人类紧密连接蛋白2（ZO－2）,的一种新的剪接体ZO－2－i3,序列分析表明,新的剪接体有19个外显子,与已发表序列比较,见ZO－2－i3分子的激酶后区发生了改变,为排除酵母双杂交实验的假阳性,实验首先在酵母中验证KyoT2与ZO－2-i3的体外直接相互作用并得到阳性结果,进而在大肠杆菌中原核表达纯化带有His标签的KyoT2蛋白,使用抗His标签的抗体,通过GST pull-down assay验证KyoT2与ZO－2－i3的体外直接相互作用,也获得阳性结果,并通过酵母实验初步确定了其作用位点,即KyoT2通过LIM2结构域与ZO－2-i3相互作用,本实验验证了KyoT2与Z－2－i3的相互作用,并初步确定其相互作用位点,对探讨KyoT的功能具有重要意义。     

Robo1 与Nek9相互作用并影响胃癌细胞迁移

目的:筛选与Robo1分子相互作用的蛋白质,为揭示Robo1调节胃癌细胞迁移能力的机制提供线索。方法:通过Transwell迁移实验检测下调Robo1对胃癌细胞SGC7901迁移能力的影响,并对胃癌细胞SGC7901利用Robo1抗体和lgG分别进行免疫沉淀,再经质谱检测及生物信息学分析筛选与Robo1分子特异性结合的蛋白质,通过免疫共沉淀(Co-immunoprecipitation,Co-IP)验证蛋白质相互作用。结果:(1)转染Robo1小干扰RNA(si RNA)的SGC7901细胞较转染阴性对照RNA的迁移能力显著降低。(2)通过免疫沉淀、质谱检测和生物信息学分析的两次生物学重复得到一系列与Robo1相互作用的蛋白,筛选出丰度高、重复性好且功能相关的Nek9蛋白。(3)Co-IP实验结果显示与对照抗体相比,Robo1抗体可特异性地将Nek9沉淀下来,同时Nek9抗体也可特异性地将Robo1共沉淀下来,确证了Robo1-Nek9的相互作用。结论:Nek9是与Robo1相互作用的蛋白质,Robo1下调影响人胃癌细胞系SGC7901的迁移能力,可能通过Nek9起作用。Robo1-Nek9的相互作用为进一步研究Robo1在胃癌细胞中的功能及机制提供了有利的线索。     

酵母双杂交筛选与蛋白激酶CK2α′相互作用蛋白——泛素-52氨基酸融合蛋白的鉴定

蛋白激酶CK2是一种真核细胞中普遍存在的信使非依赖性丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶. 为研究CK2α′亚基在精子发生中的作用机制,将构建于pACT2质粒的人睾丸cDNA文库和人蛋白激酶CK2α′为诱饵蛋白进行酵母双杂交实验. 以初步筛选与人蛋白激酶CK2α′相互作用蛋白的阳性候选克隆,筛选获得8个阳性克隆,其中1个与人泛素-52氨基酸融合蛋白基因（UBA52）的cDNA序列有高度同源性（100％）. GST pull-down实验在细胞外进一步证实了CK2α′与UBA52之间存在相互作用. 本实验证明,人泛素-52氨基酸（UBA52）融合蛋白是人CK2α′亚基的相互作用蛋白, 它们之间的相互作用对精子发生机制的影响尚不清楚,进一步分子机制研究正在进行中.     

Tau融合蛋白及其缺失突变体与朊蛋白的体外作用分析

在部分朊病毒病（prion diseases）中,高度磷酸化的微管相关蛋白tau与朊蛋白(prion protein,PrP)发生共定位,tau蛋白可能在朊病毒病的病理机制中有重要作用. 本室已经证明二者可以发生分子间相互作用,本文进一步分析了tau蛋白与prion的体外相互作用及作用位点. 利用RT-PCR方法从人源细胞系SHSY5Y cDNA中扩增出微管相关蛋白tau全长cDNA序列,克隆至质粒pGEX-2T载体,在大肠杆菌中诱导表达融合蛋白GST-tau. 利用GST pull-down及免疫共沉淀方法检测全长tau蛋白与PrP23-231的分子间相互作用. 进一步表达tau 蛋白的各种缺失突变体,确定tau蛋白与PrP蛋白的相互作用位点. 结果表明,所表达的全长tau蛋白及各种缺失突变体均为可溶性蛋白,Western印迹结果显示,各种蛋白均能很好的被tau蛋白单抗识别. GST pull-down和免疫共沉淀实验均显示,原核表达的全长tau蛋白可与全长的PrP蛋白在体外发生相互作用,并确定相互作用位点位于tau蛋白的N端序列及中段的重复区. 上述结果为研究tau蛋白与PrP的相互作用在朊病毒病的发病机制中的意义提供了一定的理论基础.     

肿瘤及胚胎组织特异表达蛋白CEP65相互作用蛋白的筛选与鉴定

CEP65蛋白(cancer and embryo expression protein 65)为肿瘤单克隆抗体3H11所识别的抗原分子, RT-PCR及RNA印迹检测表明, CEP65蛋白表达于肿瘤及胚胎组织.为了研究CEP65在肿瘤发生中的作用机制,以CEP65为诱饵蛋白,通过酵母双杂交体系筛选人胚胎组织cDNA表达文库. 从5.2×10⁶个克隆中筛选得到14个阳性克隆,并在酵母体系中通过不同方法得到验证.在此基础上,选取在双杂交中作用明显的51号克隆,与CEP65作GST pull-down实验, 结果证明, CEP65与51号阳性克隆蛋白确能相互作用. 生物信息学分析发现, CEP65与51号阳性克隆蛋白相互作用, 可能通过WW结构域或者蛋白激酶C对细胞的增殖与分化起到调节作用.     

人造血相关PBX相互作用蛋白的原核表达及纯化鉴定

目的:构建带His标签的人造血相关PBX相互作用蛋白(HPIP)的原核表达载体,获得His-HPIP融合蛋白,并对其生物学功能进行初步检测。方法:以本实验室保存的pcDNA3.0-HPIP质粒为模板,采用PCR技术扩增HPIP编码序列,将其插入载体p ET-28a(+)中,经Bam HⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切鉴定后转化大肠杆菌Rossate株进行小量诱导,挑选能诱导出His-HPIP的菌液进行融合蛋白的纯化,采用SDS-PAGE和Western印迹检测融合蛋白的纯化效果,采用GST pull-down技术对蛋白的生物学功能进行初步鉴定。结果:双酶切和测序结果表明His-HPIP原核表达质粒构建成功;His pull-down实验证实His-HPIP蛋白和雌激素受体α存在相互作用,说明生物学活性良好。结论:原核表达并纯化出His-HPIP融合蛋白,为进一步研究HPIP在肿瘤发生发展中的功能奠定了基础。     

Macro Domain家族成员LRP16是多种核受体的相互作用因子

LRP16基因是macro domain家族成员之一,C末端含有唯一的1个保守的功能结构域. 既往研究表明,该基因具有雌激素反应性,并可通过与雌激素受体α （ERα）相互作用调控其转录活性.近期我研究组发现,LRP16可与雄激素受体（AR）的共激活因子ART-27相互作用.本研究首先通过GST pull-down方法验证LRP16/ART-27/AR三者之间相互作用关系,并用免疫共沉淀实验明确了LRP16与AR存在直接的相互作用,且这种相互作用并不依赖于ART-27的存在;采用GST pull-down进一步明确LRP16与AR相互作用的结构域.结果发现,LRP16通过C端的macro domain结构域与AR的LBD域相互作用;鉴于核受体家族有较高程度的氨基酸序列保守性与功能结构域的相似性,通过GST pull-down验证了LRP16与核受体超家族成员ERβ、GR、PPARα、PPARγ的相互作用,提示LRP16至少还可与ERα以外的5个核受体家族成员相互作用;进一步采用核受体荧光素酶报告基因转染细胞,通过检测荧光素酶活性证实LRP16可增强AR、GR、ERβ、PPARα、PPARγ的转录激活活性.本研究初步证实,macro domain家族成员LRP16可与多个核受体相互作用,并增强其转录激活活性,是核受体家族的共激活因子,为进一步研究LRP16在核受体转录调控中的生理病理学功能奠定基础.     

In Vitro Identification of Histatin 5 Salivary Complexes

With recent progress in the analysis of the salivary proteome, the number of salivary proteins identified has increased dramatically. However, the physiological functions of many of the newly discovered proteins remain unclear. Closely related to the study of a protein’s function is the identification of its interaction partners. Although in saliva some proteins may act primarily as single monomeric units, a significant percentage of all salivary proteins, if not the majority, appear to act in complexes with partners to execute their diverse functions. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and pull-down assays were used to identify the heterotypic complexes between histatin 5, a potent natural antifungal protein, and other salivary proteins in saliva. Classical protein–protein interaction methods in combination with high-throughput mass spectrometric techniques were carried out. Co-IP using protein G magnetic Sepharose TM beads suspension was able to capture salivary complexes formed between histatin 5 and its salivary protein partners. Pull-down assay was used to confirm histatin 5 protein partners. A total of 52 different proteins were identified to interact with histatin 5. The present study used proteomic approaches in conjunction with classical biochemical methods to investigate protein–protein interaction in human saliva. Our study demonstrated that when histatin 5 is complexed with salivary amylase, one of the 52 proteins identified as a histatin 5 partner, the antifungal activity of histatin 5 is reduced. We expected that our proteomic approach could serve as a basis for future studies on the mechanism and structural-characterization of those salivary protein interactions to understand their clinical significance.     

酵母双杂交筛选人乳腺cDNA文库中与Gankyrin相互作用的蛋白

目的：应用酵母双杂交技术,筛选与Gankyrin有相互作用的蛋白质。方法：应用酵母双杂交系统,以Gankyrin基因全长为诱饵,在人乳腺cDNA文库中筛选能与Gankyrin相互作用的蛋白质,并运用营养缺陷型培养基和X-α-Gal等实验提供的信息,筛除假阳性克隆。结果：以Gankyrin为诱饵筛选出了5个阳性克隆,对其中一个蛋白质RhoGDI2与Gankyrin进行了免疫共沉淀与GSTpull-down实验验证,证实了它们的相互作用。结论：Gankyrin能与RhoGDI2发生相互作用,在此基础上,可以开展Gankyrin调控肿瘤发生机制的研究。     

Septin 8 is an interaction partner and in vitro substrate of MK5

AIM:To identify novel substrates for the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5(MK5).METHODS:Yeast two-hybrid screening with MK5 as bait was used to identify novel possible interaction partners.The binding of putative partner was further examined by glutathione S-transferase(GST) pull-down,co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) analysis.In vitro kinase and peptide array assays were used to map MK5 phosphoacceptor sites on the new partner.Confocal microscopy was performed to study the subcellular localization of MK5 and its partners.RESULTS:Septin 8 was identified as a novel interaction partner for MK5 by yeast two-hybrid screening.This interaction was confirmed by GST pull-down,coimmunoprecipitation and FRET analysis.Septin 5,which can form a complex with septin 8,did not interact with MK5.Serine residues 242 and 271 on septin 8 were identified as in vitro MK5 phosphorylation sites.MK5 and septin 8 co-localized in the perinuclear area and in cell protrusions.Moreover,both proteins co-localized with vesicle marker synaptophysin.     

Bioinformatic and experimental fishing for artemisinin-interacting proteins from human nasopharyngeal cancer cells

Determining interacting cellular partners of drugs by chemical proteomic techniques is complex and tedious. Most approaches rely on activity-based probe profiling and compound-centric chemical proteomics. The anti-malarial artemisinin also exerts profound anti-cancer activity, but the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. In the present investigation, we present a novel approach to identify artemisinin-interacting target proteins. Our approach overcomes usual problems in traditional fishing procedures, because the drug was attached to a surface without further chemical modification. The proteins identified effect among others, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, disruption of cell migration, and modulation of nuclear receptor responsiveness. Furthermore, a bioinformatic approach confirmed experimentally identified proteins and suggested a large number of other interacting proteins. Theoretically predicted interaction partners may serve as a starting point to complete the whole set of proteins binding artemisinin.     

植物中验证蛋白相互作用的Pull-down和Co-IP技术

蛋白互作在细胞生命活动中发挥关键作用,在不同时空层面上参与多种细胞学过程,因此研究蛋白互作对理解分子调控网络至关重要。通常情况下,利用酵母双杂交系统筛选植物蛋白互作必须通过体外和体内系统进行验证。Pull-down和Co-IP是验证植物蛋白互作的常用技术。Pull-down被广泛用于体外验证蛋白间的直接互作;而在植物活体内,利用本氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)叶片瞬时表达蛋白,继而通过Co-IP进行鉴定是目前验证蛋白互作最简单且最有效的方法之一。该文对GST Pull-down和烟草瞬时表达系统中Co-IP技术原理及实验方案进行详细描述,以期为验证植物蛋白互作提供参考。     

Identification of interaction partners and substrates of the cyclin A1-CDK2 complex

The CDK2-associated cyclin A1 is essential for spermatogenesis and contributes to leukemogenesis. The detailed molecular functions of cyclin A1 remain unclear, since the molecular networks involving cyclin A1-CDK2 have not been elucidated. Here, we identified novel cyclin A1/CDK2 interaction partners in a yeast triple-hybrid approach. Several novel proteins (INCA1, KARCA1, and PROCA1) as well as the known proteins GPS2 (G-protein pathway suppressor 2), Ku70, receptor for activated protein kinase C1/guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta-2-like-1, and mRNA-binding motif protein 4 were identified as interaction partners. These proteins link the cyclin A1-CDK2 complex to diverse cellular processes such as DNA repair, signaling, and splicing. Interactions were confirmed by GST pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation. We cloned and characterized the most frequently isolated unknown gene, which we named INCA1 (inhibitor of CDK interacting with cyclin A1). The nuclear INCA1 protein is evolutionarily conserved and lacks homology to any known gene. This novel protein and two other interacting partners served as substrates for the cyclin A1-CDK2 kinase complex. Cyclin A1 and all interaction partners were highly expressed in testis with varying degrees of tissue specificity. The highest expression levels were observed at different time points during testis maturation, whereas expression levels in germ cell cancers and infertile testes decreased. Taken together, we identified testicular interaction partners of the cyclin A1-CDK2 complex and studied their expression pattern in normal organs, testis development, and testicular malignancies. Thereby, we establish a new basis for future functional analyses of cyclin A1. We provide evidence that the cyclin A1-CDK2 complex plays a role in several signaling pathways important for cell cycle control and meiosis.     

ORP8与SPAG5相互作用并影响细胞周期

目的：筛选与氧化固醇结合蛋白相关蛋白8（Oyxterol binding protein related protein 8,ORP8）相互作用的蛋白质,为揭示ORP8在细胞中的功能及其机制提供线索,并根据相互作用蛋白质初步探索ORP8的功能。方法：构建重组诱饵质粒pGBKT7-ORP8m,利用GAL4酵母双杂交系统筛选人Universal cDNA文库,筛选出与ORP8相互作用的蛋白质,通过GSTPull-down以及免疫共沉淀（Co-immunoprecipitation,Co-IP）验证蛋白质相互作用,并通过流式细胞仪检测过表达ORP8对HepG2细胞周期的影响。结果：酵母双杂交筛选得到了精子相关抗原5（Homo sapiens sperm associated antigen 5,SPAG5）,体外GSTpull-down和Co-IP实验确证了ORP8-SPAG5的相互作用,流式细胞术显示ORP8过表达后与空载体相比,人肝癌细胞系HepG2的S期细胞数增加,G1期细胞数减少。结论：SPAG5是与ORP8相互作用的蛋白质,ORP8过表达影响人肝癌细胞系HepG2的细胞周期,可能通过SPAG5起作用。ORP8-SPAG5的相互作用为进一步研究ORP8在肝细胞中的功能及其机制提供了有用的线索     

AtSARK互作蛋白的筛选与鉴定

植物LRR型类受体蛋白激酶在植物生命活动中发挥着重要作用。前期研究发现了一个通过生长素和乙烯的协同作用参与拟南芥叶片衰老过程正调控的类受体蛋白激酶, AtSARK。为深入研究 AtSARK 蛋白的作用机制, 文章采用酵母双杂交系统, 以AtSARK胞内域（AtSARK-CD）为诱饵蛋白, 对拟南芥均一化cDNA文库进行筛选, 得到83个AtSARK的候选互作组分, 经过复筛, 初步发现AtSARK的互作组分包括14-3-3蛋白、FKBP-型肽脯氨酰顺反异构酶、醛缩酶超家族成员、RING/U-box 超家族成员以及WRKY转录因子家族成员。我们对其中一个功能未知的醛缩酶家族基因AtFBA5 （AT4G26530）的表达模式进行了分析, 并用GST pulldown实验证实了AtSARK-CD与 AtFBA5间存在直接的相互作用。At-SARK互作组分的文库筛选及AtFBA5的分离有利于进一步研究 AtSARK 基因在衰老信号通路中的作用机制。