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1.
Hypaphorine, the major indolic compound isolated from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius, controls the elongation rate of root hairs. At inhibitory concentrations (100 μM), hypaphorine induced a transitory swelling
of root hair tips of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. bicostata. When the polar tip growth resumed, a characteristic deformation was still visible on elongating hairs. At higher hypaphorine
concentrations (500 μM and greater), root hair elongation stopped, only 15 min after application. However, root hair initiation
from trichoblasts was not affected by hypaphorine. Hypaphorine activity could not be mimicked by related molecules such as
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or tryptophan. While IAA had no activity on root hair elongation, IAA was able to restore the tip
growth of root hairs following inhibition by hypaphorine. These results suggest that hypaphorine and endogenous IAA counteract
in controlling root hair elongation. During ectomycorrhiza development, the absence of root hairs might be due in part to
fungal release of molecules, such as hypaphorine, that inhibit the elongation of root hairs.
Received: 27 October 1999 / Accepted: 14 March 2000 相似文献
2.
N. Kitamoto J. Matsui Y. Kawai A. Kato S. Yoshino K. Ohmiya N. Tsukagoshi 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1998,50(1):85-92
For the development of an efficient gene expression system in a shoyu koji mold Aspergillus oryzae KBN616, the TEF1 gene, encoding translation-elongation factor 1α, was cloned from the same strain and used for expression of polygalacturonase
genes. The TEF1 gene comprised 1647 bp with three introns. The TEF1-α protein consisted of 460 amino acids possessing high identity to other
fungal TEF proteins. Two nucleotide sequences homologous to the upstream activation sequence, characterized for the ribosomal
protein genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as the pyrimidine-rich sequences were present in the TEF1 gene promoter region, suggesting that the A. oryzae TEF1 gene has a strong promoter activity. Two expression vectors, pTFGA300 and pTFGB200 for production of polygalacturonases A
and B respectively, were constructed by using the TEF1 gene promoter. A polygalacturonase (PGB) gene cloned from the same strain comprised 1226 bp with two introns and encoded
a protein of 367 amino acids with high similarity to other fungal polygalacturonases. PGA and PGB were secreted at approximately
100 mg/l in glucose medium and purified to homogeneity. PGA had a molecular mass of 41 kDa, a pH optimum of 5.0 and temperature
optimum of 45 °C. PGB had a molecular mass of 39 kDa, a pH optimum of 5.0 and temperature optimum of 55 °C.
Received: 28 November 1997 / Received revision: 24 February 1998 / Accepted: 6 March 1998 相似文献
3.
Evidence that the role of plant defensins in radish defense responses is independent of salicylic acid 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Franky R. G. Terras Iris A. M. A. Penninckx Inge J. Goderis Willem F. Broekaert 《Planta》1998,206(1):117-124
Radish leaves contain two homologous 5-kDa plant defensins which accumulate systemically upon infection by fungal pathogens
(F.R.G. Terras et al., 1995, Plant Cell 7: 573–588). Here we report on the molecular cloning of the cDNAs encoding the two
pathogen-inducible plant defensin isoforms from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves. Tissue-print and whole-leaf electroblot immunostaining showed that the plant defensin peptides not only accumulate
at high levels at or immediately around the infection sites in leaves inoculated with Alternariabrassicicola, but also accumulate in healthy tissue further away from the infection sites and in non-infected leaves from infected plants.
Gel blot analysis of RNA confirmed that expression of plant defensin genes is systemically triggered upon fungal infection
whereas radish PR-1 gene expression is only activated locally. In contrast to the radish PR-1 gene(s), expression of the radish plant defensin genes was not induced by external application of salicylic acid. Activation
of the plant defensin genes, but not that of PR-1 genes, occurred upon treatment with methyl jasmonate, ethylene and paraquat.
Received: 3 December 1997 / Accepted: 3 March 1998 相似文献
4.
Ability of native ectomycorrhizal fungi from northern Spain to colonize Douglas-fir and other introduced conifers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thirty-six isolates from 27 species of native ectomycorrhizal fungi collected in northern Spain were tested for ectomycorrhiza
formation with Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings in pure culture syntheses. Thirteen of those species were also tested for ectomycorrhiza formation with six other
species of conifers (two native and four introduced) to compare their colonization potential. Twenty-three fungal isolates
from 18 species formed ectomycorrhizas with Pseudotsuga menziesii. The colonization level of the root system varied markedly among the different fungal species. Eight fungi colonized over
50% of the short roots. Nine fungi did not form ectomycorrhizas even though some of them were collected in pure stands of
Pseudotsuga menziesii. Laccaria laccata, Lyophyllum decastes, Pisolithus tinctorius, and Scleroderma citrinum formed abundant ectomycorrhizas on all the conifers tested. Lactarius
deliciosus, Rhizopogon spp., and Suillus luteus showed the greatest host specificity. The success in the introduction of some exotic conifers for reforestation in northern
Spain is discussed in relation to their compatibility with native ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Accepted: 28 August 1995 相似文献
5.
N. Kitamoto S. Yoshino M. Ito T. Kimura K. Ohmiya N. Tsukagoshi 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1998,50(5):558-563
A xylanase gene, xynF1, was cloned and characterized from a shoyu koji mould Aspergillus oryzae KBN616. The xynF1 gene was found to be comprised of 1484 bp with ten introns. The deduced amino acid sequence encodes a protein consisting
of 327 amino acids (35,402 Da) which is very similar to the fungal family F xylanases such as Aspergillus nidulans XlnC, Aspergillus kawachii XynA and Penicillium chrysogenum XylP. The intron/exon organization of xynF1 is very similar to that of the fungal family F xylanase genes. Plasmid pXPR64, which contains 64 copies of the xynF1 promoter region (PxynF1) in the same direction, was constructed and introduced into A. oryzae. This led to reduced expression of both xylanase and β-xylosidase genes in the transformants.
Received: 18 May 1998 / Received revision: 7 July 1998 / Accepted: 9 July 1998 相似文献
6.
The expression of the salt-responsive gene salT from rice is regulated by hormonal and developmental cues 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ana Beatriz Garcia Janice Almeida Engler Bart Claes Raimundo Villarroel Marc Van Montagu Tom Gerats Allan Caplan 《Planta》1998,207(2):172-180
The expression pattern of the salT gene was analyzed in different cell types and organs of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to saline and hormonal treatments to obtain detailed information on the physiological cues controlling gene
expression. Gel blot analysis of RNA and in-situ hybridization performed on seedlings grown for 10 ds in the presence of 1%
NaCl revealed that salT was expressed mainly in the younger tissues of the plant. In contrast, 6-week-old plants exhibited maximal salT mRNA accumulation in sheaths of older leaves. In addition, salT was normally expressed in rapidly dividing suspension-cultured cells, but not in quiescent ones. Altogether, these results
may indicate that salT expression in each region of the plant is dependent on the metabolic activity of the cells as well as on whether or not
they are stressed. The effects of two growth regulators, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid, were investigated in combination
with the effects of NaCl. Gibberellic acid had a synergistic effect on the induction of the salT gene when combined with 0.5% NaCl, but did not induce salT on its own. At 10 μM, ABA induced salT both in the absence of NaCl and in its presence. Whereas 1 μM ABA acted additively with NaCl to induce gene expression,
5 μM ABA with NaCl was only as effective as NaCl alone. This may indicate that the two stimuli act independently and possibly
through antagonistic signal transduction pathways.
Received: 26 March 1998 / Accepted: 11 July 1998 相似文献
7.
H. Kisaka H. Sano T. Kameya 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(5-6):810-815
The rgp1 gene, which encodes a small GTP-binding protein from rice, was introduced into rice protoplasts by electroporation. Transformed
protoplasts were cultured on liquid protoplast-culture medium for 1 month, and then cells that had proliferated were transferred
to a selection medium that contained 50 mg/l hygromycin B. Among 50 colonies that were selected and transferred to regeneration
medium, 3 colonies generated shoots. However, two of the three shoots failed to form roots and ceased growing. A single regenerated
shoot that formed roots was planted in soil and transferred to a greenhouse. Southern hybridization showed that the regenerated
plant harbored a single copy of the introduced gene. The transformant (T0) plant was shorter than the controls, it developed three times as many tillers as controls, it developed three times as many
tillers as control plants but it produced mostly sterile seeds. In a test of hygromycin resistances, viable seeds segregated
into resistant and sensitive seedings at a ratio of approximately 1 : 3. The progeny (T1) plants were short with many tillers, and some produced seeds normally. The T2 seedlings grew more rapidly than control seedlings for the first 28 days after germination, but control plants subsequently
outgrew the T2 plants. Northern blotting analysis revealed that the rgp1 gene in T2 plants was expressed consitutively throughout all developmental stages. The results suggest that the observed phenotypic
changes were due to expression of the exogenous rgp1 gene.
Received: 21 September 1997/Accepted: 31 March 1998 相似文献
8.
Keisuke Obase Joo Young Cha Jong Kyu Lee Sang Yong Lee Jin Ho Lee Kun Woo Chun 《Mycorrhiza》2009,20(1):39-49
We investigated the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal colonization status of Pinus thunbergii mature trees and regenerating seedlings varying in age in coastal pine forests on the east coast of Korea. We established
one 20 × 20-m plot at each of two study sites at P. thunbergii coastal forests in Samcheok. Fifty soil blocks (5 × 5 × 15 cm) were sampled at regular intervals, and ten P. thunbergii seedlings of age 0, 1–3, 3–5, and 5–10 years were sampled in each study plot. In total of 27 ECM fungal taxa, Cenococcum geophilum was dominant, followed by Russula sp., Sebacina sp., and unidentified Cortinuris sp. in mature trees. In 0-year-old seedlings, some fungal species such as Sebacina sp., C. geophilum, and unidentified Cortinarius sp. were dominant whereas only C. geophilum was dominant after 1 year, and there were no apparent succession patterns in ECM fungal compositions beyond a host age of
1 year. Most ECM fungal taxa that had colonized seedlings of each age class were also observed in roots of mature trees in
each site. These taxa accounted for 86.7–100% and 96.4–98.4% of ECM abundance in seedlings and mature trees, respectively.
The results indicate that the species composition of ECM fungal taxa colonizing seedlings of different age in forests is similar
to that of surrounding mature trees. Our results also showed that C. geophilum is a common and dominant ECM fungus in P. thunbergii coastal forests and might play a significant role in their regeneration. 相似文献
9.
Water uptake by roots of maize and sunflower affects the radial transport of abscisic acid and its concentration in the xylem 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
The radial movement of cis-abscisic acid (ABA) has been investigated in young excised roots of Zea mays L. and Helianthus annuus L. which were grown hydroponically. In addition to the symplastic path, ABA was largely translocated across the root apoplast
by solvent drag with the water in the transpiration stream. On the apoplastic path ABA may even cross the endodermis. Depending
on the ABA concentration of the medium (range: 5–500 nM) and in the root apoplast, the solvent-drag component of the flow
of ABA counteracted the dilution of ABA in the xylem caused by transpirational water flow. Acidification of the rhizosphere
and of the root apoplast increased the apoplastic transport component. In sunflower, the apoplastic flow of ABA was significantly
weaker than in maize roots. This was also indicated by the larger apparent reflection coefficient (σABA) of sunflower roots for ABA (sunflower: σABA = 0.97 ± 0.02, n = 6 roots; maize: σABA = 0.68 ± 0.06, n = 6 roots; ±SD). For both species, σABA was smaller than unity. Root reflection coefficients were affected by factors such as pH, ABA concentration of the medium,
and by the suction force applied to excised root systems. Due to the complex composite structure of the permeation barrier
in the root, the reflection coefficient estimated from solvent drag is also complex. Since unstirred layers affected the absolute
value of the reflection coefficient, σABA has been termed `apparent'. It is concluded that the pH and ABA concentration of the soil solution as well as the transpiration
rate (suction force) modify the intensity of the root-to-shoot signal which is influenced by an apoplastic bypass flow of
ABA. The latter may be substantially affected by the existence of Casparian bands in the exodermis, which were lacking in
the roots studied in this paper.
Received: 25 February 1998 / Accepted: 16 July 1998 相似文献
10.
Physiological adaptations to phosphorus deficiency during proteoid root development in white lupin 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
Release of large amounts of citric acid from specialized root clusters (proteoid roots) of phosphorus (P)-deficient white
lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an efficient strategy for chemical mobilization of sparingly available P sources in the rhizosphere. The present study
demonstrates that increased accumulation and exudation of citric acid and a concomitant release of protons were predominantly
restricted to mature root clusters in the later stages of P deficiency. Inhibition of citrate exudation by exogenous application
of anion-channel blockers such as ethacrynic- and anthracene-9-carboxylic acids may indicate involvement of an anion channel.
Phosphorus-deficiency-induced accumulation and subsequent exudation of citric acid seem to be a consequence of both increased
biosynthesis and reduced metabolization of citric acid in the proteoid root tissue, indicated by increased in-vitro activity and enzyme protein levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31), and reduced activity of aconitase (EC
4.2.1.3) and root respiration. Similar to citric acid, acid phosphatase, which is secreted by roots and involved in the mobilization
of the organic soil P fraction, was released predominantly from proteoid roots of P-deficient plants. Also 33Pi uptake per unit root fresh-weight was increased by approximately 50% in juvenile and mature proteoid root clusters compared
to apical segments of non-proteoid roots. Kinetic studies revealed a K
m of 30.7 μM for Pi uptake of non-proteoid root apices in P-sufficient plants, versus K
m values of 8.5–8.6 μM for non-proteoid and juvenile proteoid roots under P-deficient conditions, suggesting the induction
of a high-affinity Pi-uptake system. Obviously, P-deficiency-induced adaptations of white lupin, involved in P acquisition
and mobilization of sparingly available P sources, are predominantly confined to proteoid roots, and moreover to distinct
stages during proteoid root development.
Received: 10 September 1998 / Accepted: 22 December 1998 相似文献
11.
R. Hampp M. Ecke C. Schaeffer T. Wallenda A. Wingler I. Kottke B. Sundberg 《Trees - Structure and Function》1996,11(1):59-64
We describe and document the in vitro synthesis of ectomycorrhiza between roots of wild type and transgenic aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides), expressing Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA indoleacetic acid (IAA)-biosynthetic genes, and Amanita muscaria. Plantlets were raised from tissue culture. The root system of approximately 4-week-old plantlets was transferred to Petri
dishes and incubated together with fungal mycelia under sterile conditions. Ectomycorrhiza showing both a well developed hyphal
mantle and Hartig net were established within 3 to 4 weeks. Formation and morphology of ectomycorrhiza were not affected by
the transformation of aspen, expressing the IAA biosynthetic genes in roots. As both hybrid aspen and fungal cells can be
genetically engineered, this system offers a new approach to the study of mycorrhizal symbioses.
Received: 19 January 1996 / Accepted: 23 January 1996 相似文献
12.
A. Martins Margarida Santos Helena Santos Maria Salomé Pais 《Trees - Structure and Function》1999,13(3):168-172
31P-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used to assess phosphate distribution in ectomycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of
Castanea sativa Mill. as well as in the mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius in order to gain insight into phosphate trafficking in these systems. The fungus P. tinctorius accumulated high levels of polyphosphates during the rapid phase of growth. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots accumulate
orthophosphate. Only mycorrhizal roots presented polyphosphates. The content in polyphosphates increased along the 3 months
of mycorrhiza formation. In mycorrhizal roots of plants cultured under axenic conditions, the orthophosphate pool decreased
along the culture time. In nonmycorrhizal roots the decrease in the orthophosphate content was less pronounced. The level
of orthophosphate in mycorrhizal roots was significantly lower than in nonmycorrhizal ones, which indicates that this system
relies upon the fungal polyphosphates as a major source of phosphate.
Received: 28 July 1998 / Accepted: 21 October 1998 相似文献
13.
The mode of action of NaCl in terms of cell proliferation and cell death was examined in seminal roots of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). Salt/sodium chloride was inhibitory to cell number increase and to cell death in cortical tissue, whereas final cortical
cell size was the same as in control roots that were not exposed to NaCl. It seems that NaCl may stimulate the transition
phase from cell division to cell elongation. Further analysis of the role of NaCl in the suppression of cortical cell death
was confined to a delay in the early stage of cell collapse, which was caused by tonoplast disruption, and plasma-membrane
destruction. Sodium chloride did not have any effect on the cell-to-cell movement of macromolecules in the root cortex. In-situ
hybridization studies indicated that expression of the gene for tonoplast intrinsic protein (rTip1) was localized predominantly in the epidermal and exodermal cells as well as in metaxylem cells in seminal roots. Upon NaCl
treatment, the intensity of rTip1 gene expression was raised in the cortical parenchyma, suggesting that salt plays a role in the rapid onset of cell elongation.
Received: 2 April 1998 / Accepted: 18 September 1998 相似文献
14.
Aluminum (Al) in the rhizosphere adversely affects plant nutrition and growth. Although many conifer species, and pitch pine
(Pinus rigida) in particular, have evolved on acidic soils where soluble Al is often high, controlled environment studies often indicate
that Al interferes with seedling growth and nutrient relations. Under normal field conditions, conifer roots grow in a symbiotic
relationship with ectomycorrhizal fungi, and this association may modulate the effects of Al on root physiology. To investigate
the influence of mycorrhizal infection on Al toxicity, pitch pine seedlings were grown with or without the ectomycorrhizal
symbiont Pisolithus tinctorius and were exposed to low levels of Al in sand culture. Aluminum at 50 μM reduced nonmycorrhizal seedling growth and increased foliar Al concentrations, but did not alter photosynthetic gas exchange
or other aspects of seedling nutrition. Nonmycorrhizal seedlings exposed to 200 μM Al exhibited decreased growth, increased transpiration rates, decreased water use efficiency, increased foliar Al and Na
levels, and reduced foliar P concentrations. Seedlings inoculated with P. tinctorius exhibited unaltered growth, physiological function, and ionic relations when exposed to Al. The fungal symbiont evidently
modulated ionic relations in the rhizosphere, reducing Al-P precipitation reactions, Al uptake, and subsequent root and shoot
tissue Al exposure. 相似文献
15.
The complex interactions that occur in systems with more than one type of symbiosis were studied using one isolate of Bradyrhizobium sp. and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch inoculated on to the roots of Acacia holosericea A. Cunn. ex G. Don in vitro. After a single inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp., bacteria typically entered the roots by forming infection threads in the root hair cells via the curling point of the root hair and/ or after intercellular penetration. Sheath formation and intercellular penetration were observed on Acacia roots after a single inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius but no radial elongation of epidermal cells. Simultaneous inoculation with both microorganisms resulted in nodules and ectomycorrhiza on the root system, occasionally on the same lateral root. On lateral roots bearing nodules and ectomycorrhiza, the nodulation site was characterized by the presence of a nodule meristem and the absence of an infection thread; sheath formation and Hartig net development occurred regularly in the region of the roots adjacent to nodules. Prior inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. did not inhibit ectomycorrhizal colonization in root segments adjacent to nodules in which nodule meristems and infection threads were clearly present. Conversely, in ectomycorrhizae inoculated by bacteria, the nodule meristem and the infection thread were typically absent. These results show that simultaneous inoculation with both microorganisms inhibits infection thread development, thus conferring an advantage on fungal hyphae in the competition for infection sites. This suggests that fungal hyphae can modify directly and/or indirectly the recognition factors leading to nodule meristem initiation and infection thread development. 相似文献
16.
The majority of lignin-degrading basidiomycetes are able to depolymerize humic acids. In this presentation the relationship
and possible similarities between enzymes involved in lignin degradation and humic acid depolymerization were examined on
the genetic level. We have cloned fragments of the gene encoding the extracellular ligninolytic enzyme laccase from Clitocybula dusenii, Nematoloma frowardii and a fungal strain designated i63-2, and compared the three sequences with those of several other published laccase genes.
The sequenced fragments displayed a high homology both on the DNA (97%–77%) and amino acid (100%–85%) level. Furthermore,
the expression of this gene in the above-mentioned fungi was demonstrated by a nested polymerase chain reaction with cDNA
as template.
Received: 3 February 1998 / Received revision: 31 August 1998 / Accepted: 3 September 1998 相似文献
17.
18.
Langenfeld-Heyser R Gao J Ducic T Tachd P Lu CF Fritz E Gafur A Polle A 《Mycorrhiza》2007,17(2):121-131
In order to characterise the effect of ectomycorrhiza on Na+-responses of the salt-sensitive poplar hybrid Populus × canescens, growth and stress responses of Paxillus involutus (strain MAJ) were tested in liquid cultures in the presence of 20 to 500 mM NaCl, and the effects of mycorrhization on mineral
nutrient accumulation and oxidative stress were characterised in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal poplar seedlings exposed
to 150 mM NaCl. Paxillus involutus was salt tolerant, showing biomass increases in media containing up to 500 mM NaCl after 4 weeks growth. Mycorrhizal mantle
formation on poplar roots was not affected by 150 mM NaCl. Whole plant performance was positively affected by the fungus because
total biomass was greater and leaves accumulated less Na+ than non-mycorrhizal plants. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis using transmission electron microscopy analysis of the
influence of mycorrhization on the subcellular localisation of Na+ and Cl− in roots showed that the hyphal mantle did not diminish salt accumulation in root cell walls, indicating that mycorrhization
did not provide a physical barrier against excess salinity. In the absence of salt stress, mycorrhizal poplar roots contained
higher Na+ and Cl− concentrations than non-mycorrhizal poplar roots. Paxillus involutus hyphae produced H2O2 in the mantle but not in the Hartig net or in pure culture. Salt exposure resulted in H2O2 formation in cortical cells of both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal poplar and stimulated peroxidase but not superoxide dismutase
activities. This shows that mature ectomycorrhiza was unable to suppress salt-induced oxidative stress. Element analyses suggest
that improved performance of mycorrhizal poplar under salt stress may result from diminished xylem loading of Na+ and increased supply with K+. 相似文献
19.
Acioli-Santos B Sebastiana M Pessoa F Sousa L Figueiredo A Fortes AM Baldé A Maia LC Pais MS 《Current microbiology》2008,57(6):620-625
20.
Hai Ping Hong Hongyi Zhang Paula Olhoft Steve Hill Hunt Wiley Effie Toren Helke Hillebrand Todd Jones Ming Cheng 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(6):558-568
A regeneration and transformation system has been developed using organogenic calluses derived from soybean axillary nodes
as the starting explants. Leaf-node or cotyledonary-node explants were prepared from 7 to 8-d-old seedlings. Callus was induced
on medium containing either Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts or modified Finer and Nagasawa (FNL) salts and B5 vitamins with
various concentrations of benzylamino purine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ). The combination of BA and TDZ had a synergistic effect
on callus induction. Shoot differentiation from the callus occurred once the callus was transferred to medium containing a
low concentration of BA. Subsequently, shoots were elongated on medium containing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside,
and gibberellic acid (GA). Plant regeneration from callus occurred 90 ∼ 120 d after the callus was cultured on shoot induction
medium. Both the primary callus and the proliferated callus were used as explants for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The calluses were inoculated with A. tumefaciens harboring a binary vector with the bar gene as the selectable marker gene and the gusINT gene for GUS expression. Usually 60–100% of the callus showed transient GUS expression 5 d after inoculation. Infected
calluses were then selected on media amended with various concentrations of glufosinate. Transgenic soybean plants have been
regenerated and established in the greenhouse. GUS expression was exhibited in various tissues and plant organs, including
leaf, stem, and roots. Southern and T1 plant segregation analysis of transgenic events showed that transgenes were integrated into the soybean genome with a copy
number ranging from 1–5 copies. 相似文献