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1.
用于分化为多种类型细胞的多能干细胞(PSC)体外培养技术已被广泛应用于生物学领域中.由PSC分化而来的肾脏类器官可基本还原生物体内肾脏的组织结构和部分功能,在肾脏疾病模型研究和药物筛选中有重要作用,继续改善肾脏类器官的结构、功能和成熟度将会对肾脏再生治疗提供极大的帮助.研究肾脏类器官的重点在于体外准确模拟体内肾脏的发育...  相似文献   

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近年来多能干细胞(PSCs)的体外培养与分化技术发展迅速,并广泛应用于再生医学和发育生物学等领域。PSCs能够在体外神经诱导的条件下分化为类神经管模型,这为探索体内早期神经发育与中枢神经系统发育疾病的形成机制提供了全新的实验平台。本文总结了近年来应用小鼠和人PSCs建立体外类神经管模型的研究进展,其中体外模型主要包括在不同培养体系下诱导获得的二维(2D)与三维(3D)类神经管模型,并针对早期类神经管模型在神经系统发育性疾病机制研究中的前景和挑战作进一步探讨,同时为疾病预防和治疗提供新的思路。  相似文献   

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诱导多能干细胞 (Induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs) 是通过体细胞重编程得到类似胚胎干细胞特性的一种细胞类型。通过iPSCs的体外分化,可以了解巨噬细胞的进化历史和各种特性。iPSCs来源的巨噬细胞不仅是药物筛选的良好模型,也是进行免疫治疗的重要手段。本文综述了近年来iPSCs及其向巨噬细胞分化的相关研究进展、所面临的问题以及未来的发展方向。  相似文献   

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诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)是利用细胞重编程技术人工获得的与胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)功能类似的细胞,能分化成包括三胚层在内的所有细胞类型,并且规避了ESCs的伦理学争议和移植后的免疫排斥问题,具有十分广阔的应用前景。对iPSCs体外诱导为生殖细胞所用的诱导物及其诱导效果进行了综述,生殖细胞发育机制的研究有望促进未来生殖和发育技术的进步。  相似文献   

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造血干细胞移植(hemopoietic stem cell transplantation;HSCT)用于血液系统疾病的治疗已取得迅猛发展。但由于供体有限及配型效率不高等问题;严重阻碍了其在临床上的广泛应用。因此;人们迫切地寻求更为安全、经济和有效的造血干细胞的资源。诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells;iPS)在体外可被诱导分化为多种细胞;其中对体外诱导分化为造血干细胞的研究尤为深入。该文就iPS细胞在体外定向分化为造血干细胞及移植研究的最新进展作一综述。  相似文献   

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目前,体外生成人红细胞的实验技术较为复杂,为优化诱导步骤,采用两步法将人多能干细胞诱导分化为红细胞。首先,利用人多能干细胞(包括Rh阴性A型的脐带间充质干细胞(hUCMSC~(Rh-A))和人iPS(hiPS)细胞)在BVF培养液中进行诱导分化得到CD31~~+和CD34~+的阳性细胞群。经PCR和流式细胞仪检测CD31和CD34的表达发现,hUCMSC~(Rh-A)细胞诱导得到的CD31和CD34阳性细胞率分别是5.3%和22.7%;hiPS细胞诱导得到的CD31和CD34阳性细胞率分别是31.2%和8.2%。第二步,将获得的CD31~+和CD34~+的阳性细胞群在多种生长因子的作用下经过36 d诱导,分化为成熟红细胞。经吉姆萨染色检测得到的红细胞在形态和大小上与正常人红细胞相近,且存在血细胞去核的现象。荧光定量RT-PCR检测到了globin的表达,其中β-globin的表达量占20%以上。将得到的红细胞收集到离心管中,自然沉降后可见红色的红细胞沉淀。上述研究为大量制备人红细胞提供了新的有效的技术方法。  相似文献   

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梁贺  王嘉  曹楠  黄吉均  杨黄恬 《生命科学》2009,21(5):663-668
胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)具有自我更新、无限增殖和多向分化的特性,包括分化成心脏组织的多种类型细胞。经体细胞重编程产生的诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPS)也被证明有类似胚胎干细胞的特性。但这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞自发分化的效率非常低,因此,如何有效地诱导这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞的定向分化对深入认识心肌发生发育的关键调控机制和实现其在药物发现和再生医学,如心肌梗塞、心力衰竭的细胞治疗以及心肌组织工程中的应用均具有非常重要的意义。该文重点综述了近年来胚胎干细胞及诱导多能干细胞向心肌细胞分化和调控的研究进展,并探讨了这一研究领域亟待解决的关键问题和这些多能干细胞的应用前景。  相似文献   

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生殖健康是生命科学领域关注的核心之一,各种原因所致男性不育亟待解决,然而由于伦理限制等原因,缺少合适的具有人类遗传背景的研究模型开展研究。胚胎干细胞(ESCs)和诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)均属于多能干细胞,具有多向分化潜能。一方面,可利用ESCs?/?iPSCs向生殖细胞分化的模型研究人类生殖细胞的发育规律,另一方面,在此基础上,可建立带有人类疾病遗传背景的iPSCs模型,体外诱导其向雄性生殖细胞分化,利用该模型研究男性不育的发病机制。由于精子在体内的形成遵循一定规律,体外环境中不同发育阶段的生殖细胞在不同诱导因子作用下才可稳定地往下一阶段定向分化,因此,诱导ESCs?/?iPSCs向雄性生殖细胞方向分化时,诱导因子的种类和加入时间的选择应根据生殖细胞的体内发育特征而定,并且在诱导的不同阶段循序加入,以此模拟精子在体内的形成过程,进而更好地研究男性不育的发病机制。本文将对多能干细胞向雄性生殖细胞定向分化的常用诱导因子及存在问题和展望进行综述,为相关研究的开展提供借鉴。  相似文献   

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人类诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPS细胞)的建立被公认为目前最重要的科技进展之一。iPS细胞在动物疾病模型上的成功治疗,病患特异性iPS细胞的研究及iPS细胞的定向分化研究将有可能使人们避开治疗性克隆的伦理和技术障碍,给人类疾病的干细胞治疗带来光明的前景。本文从iPS细胞的诱导策略和方法,来源细胞及筛选、重编程机制的研究现状、应用前景以及研究中存在的问题等方面对其作一综述和讨论。  相似文献   

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诱导多能干细胞(Induced pluripotent stem cells,i PSCs)是利用特定的转录因子诱导体细胞获得的,像胚胎干细胞一样,可以进行无限的自我更新,并具有分化成三个胚层的能力。iPSC有可能提供无限的自体细胞治疗,目前研究已经证实,不同种类疾病的患者提供的成体细胞诱导后可产生种类繁多的iPSC,这项技术给目前无有效治疗手段的多类疾病带来了治疗的希望,并有可能避免利用胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)治疗面临的伦理问题和免疫排斥反应。本文回顾iPSC技术优化过程,着重关注应用i PSC建立细胞模型、进行细胞治疗的进展,并探讨iPSC在基础研究及临床应用中遇到的挑战。  相似文献   

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Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have the potential for use in cell-based regenerative therapies.Currently,hundreds of clinical trials are using MSCs for the treatment of various diseases.However,MSCs are low in number in adult tissues;they show heterogeneity depending upon the cell source and exhibit limited proliferative potential and early senescence in in vitro cultures.These factors negatively impact the regenerative potential of MSCs and therefore restrict their use for clinical applications.As a result,novel methods to generate induced MSCs(iMSCs)from induced pluripotent stem cells have been explored.The development and optimization of protocols for generation of iMSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells is necessary to evaluate their regenerative potential in vivo and in vitro.In addition,it is important to compare iMSCs with primary MSCs(isolated from adult tissues)in terms of their safety and efficacy.Careful investigation of the properties of iMSCs in vitro and their long term behavior in animals is important for their translation from bench to bedside.  相似文献   

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目的:探讨脂肪来源干细胞体外成骨和成脂及成神经的诱导分化情况。方法:选取10只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,将其不同部位的脂肪组织取出,分别采用不同方法对其向成骨、成脂及成神经等方向进行诱导分化并对其结果进行鉴定。结果:ADSC表达中,CD29占(99.11±0.13)%,CD44占(95.94±0.71)%,CD45占(0.12±0.09)%。经4周的成骨诱导后,茜素红S染色在细胞团中央发现红色钙化结节存在,碱性磷酸酶染色在细胞的胞质内观察到紫红色颗粒,经7d成脂诱导后,油红\"O\"染色在细胞质内观察到橙红色脂滴;经过6d的神经干培养基诱导后,通过免疫荧光染色证明诱导的Nestin细胞、神经丝蛋白-200以及GFAP等均出现阳性表达。结论:ADSC具备向脂肪、成骨及神经元等细胞进行多向分化的潜能,具有来源广、易于操作、体外增殖快速等优越性,并且不存在免疫排斥及医学伦理学问题,发展前景广阔。  相似文献   

14.
动物胚胎干细胞诱导分化的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胚胎干细胞 (ES细胞 )是从动物早期胚胎的内细胞团或原始生殖细胞分离出来的具有发育全能性的一种未分化的无限增殖细胞系 ,ES细胞能体外诱导分化为神经细胞、肌肉细胞、成纤维细胞等各种细胞。综述了动物的ES细胞的分化诱导机理及目前体外诱导分化的研究现状  相似文献   

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Kidney diseases are a prevalent health problem around the world. Multidrug therapy used in the current routine treatment for kidney diseases can only delay disease progression. None of these drugs or treatments can reverse the progression to an end-stage of the disease. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel therapeutics to improve patients’ quality of life and possibly cure, reverse, or alleviate the kidney disease. Stem cells have promising potentials as a form of regenerative medicine for kidney diseases due to their unlimited replication and their ability to differentiate into kidney cells in vitro. Mounting evidences from the administration of stem cells in an experimental kidney disease model suggested that stem cell-based therapy has therapeutic or renoprotective effects to attenuate kidney damage while improving the function and structure of both glomerular and tubular compartments. This review summarises the current stem cell-based therapeutic approaches to treat kidney diseases, including the various cell sources, animal models or in vitro studies. The challenges of progressing from proof-of-principle in the laboratory to widespread clinical application and the human clinical trial outcomes reported to date are also highlighted. The success of cell-based therapy could widen the scope of regenerative medicine in the future.  相似文献   

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Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising sources for hematopoietic cells due to their unlimited growth capacity and the pluripotency. Dendritic cells (DCs), the unique immune cells in the hematopoietic system, can be loaded with tumor specific antigen and used as vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. While autologous DCs from peripheral blood are limited in cell number, hPSC-derived DCs provide a novel alternative cell source which has the potential for large scale production. This review summarizes recent advances in differentiating hPSCs to DCs through the intermediate stage of hematopoietic stem cells. Step-wise growth factor induction has been used to derive DCs from hPSCs either in suspension culture of embryoid bodies (EBs) or in co-culture with stromal cells. To fulfill the clinical potential of the DCs derived from hPSCs, the bioprocess needs to be scaled up to produce a large number of cells economically under tight quality control. This requires the development of novel bioreactor systems combining guided EB-based differentiation with engineered culture environment. Hence, recent progress in using bioreactors for hPSC lineage-specific differentiation is reviewed. In particular, the potential scale up strategies for the multistage DC differentiation and the effect of shear stress on hPSC differentiation in bioreactors are discussed in detail.  相似文献   

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ObjectiveTo provide a standardized protocol for large‐scale production of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC).MethodsThe hPSC were expanded and differentiated into PTEC on matrix‐coated alginate beads in an automated levitating fluidic platform bioLevitator. Differentiation efficacy was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, ultrastructure visualized by electron microscopy. Active reabsorption by PTEC was investigated by glucose, albumin, organic anions and cations uptake assays. Finally, the response to cisplatin‐treatment was assessed to check the potential use of PTEC to model drug‐induced nephrotoxicity.ResultshPSC expansion and PTEC differentiation could be performed directly on matrix‐coated alginate beads in suspension bioreactors. Renal precursors arose 4 days post hPSC differentiation and PTEC after 8 days with 80% efficiency, with a 10‐fold expansion from hPSC in 24 days. PTEC on beads, exhibited microvilli and clear apico‐basal localization of markers. Functionality of PTECs was confirmed by uptake of glucose, albumin, organic anions and cations and expression of KIM‐1 after Cisplatin treatment.ConclusionWe demonstrate the efficient expansion of hPSC, controlled differentiation to renal progenitors and further specification to polarized tubular epithelial cells. This is the first report employing biolevitation and matrix‐coated beads in a completely defined medium for the scalable and potentially automatable production of functional human PTEC.  相似文献   

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