微波消解ICP-AES法测定糙苏不同部位中的微量元素

利用微波消解电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定野生中药糙苏根、茎、叶、花和籽中钠、钾、钙、铁、锌、镁、锰、铜、镍、钼、铅和镉的含量,并进行了分析比较。糙苏不同用药部位的微量元素含量存在差异,其中钠、钾、钙、铁、镁在根、茎、叶、花和籽中的含量均较高,锌、锰、铜、镍、钼的含量较少,铅和镉只在根和茎中痕量存在,结果表明糙苏中含有大量人体必需的微量元素,可为进一步探讨糙苏中元素含量与其药效的相关性提供科学的理论依据。     

蚕蛹、蝎子、海肠中20种元素的ICP-AES测定和氨基酸含量测定

采用ICP-AES法直接快速测定蚕蛹、蝎子、海肠中20种元素含量,本法简单快速,灵敏度高,检出限低,精密度好,RSD为1.4%~6.8%。是同时检测食物中多元素的理想方法。与其它食物比较,这几种食物的钙、锰、铁、锌、铜、镁、钠、钾等元素含量极为丰富。用氨基酸测定仪测定了这几种食物中氨基酸和牛磺酸的含量,为它们的营养研究提供了理论依据。     

厚朴不同部位中微量元素的测定研究

采用微波法消解样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定秦巴山区中药厚朴根的皮、茎的皮及厚朴叶中Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Ni 5种微量元素的含量,优化仪器工作条件,使各元素的加标回收率在98.8%~108%之间,建立了快速简便,准确率高,精密度好的检测方法,用于标准样品和实际样品的分析和测定,结果令人满意。     

辽宁省不同地区几种食用菌重金属含量测定及质量评价

对食用菌重金属含量测定和污染状况分析,探讨环境污染因素对食用菌吸收重金属的影响。采用微波消解法对食用菌进行处理,应用ICP-AES法测定了Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、As、Hg六种重金属元素的含量。结果表明,调查的51份样品中香菇、平菇、杏鲍菇、茶树菇、双孢菇、黑木耳、鸡腿菇、蛹虫草重金属合格率均为97%以上;Ni、As含量在个别香菇和黑木耳中超标,但超标量很小;个别平菇、香菇、黑木耳、鸡腿菇有Pb的检出但不超标;平菇、香菇、茶树菇、黑木耳有Cd的检出但不超标;平菇、香菇、杏鲍菇、茶树菇、黑木耳、鸡腿菇有Cr的检出但不超标;所有样品中Hg均未检出。辽宁市场上食用菌大部分是安全的。     

猕猴桃属十个种的染色体倍性鉴定

猕猴桃属(Actinidia)植物全世界有66种,约有118个种下分类单位(也有新的划分方法将其划分为54种21变种),其中大部分为中国特有。在猕猴桃杂交育种中,不同倍性之间选配不当会出现杂交失败、后代不育等现象,因此倍性鉴定是猕猴桃常规育种亲本选择的前提条件之一。但到目前为止,不少猕猴桃种或亚种的染色体倍性研究并不十分清楚,因而限制了这些资源的进一步开发利用。该研究针对广西植物研究所猕猴桃种质资源圃收集的目前倍性尚不明确的白萼、白花柱果、二色花、临桂、卵圆叶、桃花、宛田、长果、融水和五瓣猕猴桃等10个种类的猕猴桃,使用酸解法制备染色体标本,通过显微镜观察确定其倍性。这10个种类大多为广西特有,其中蕴藏着独特的优良园艺性状,具有很高的生产和开发价值。该研究结果表明这10个种类猕猴桃的染色体倍性均为二倍体(2n=2x=58)。该研究结果进一步丰富了猕猴桃种质资源多样性数据库,为这些猕猴桃资源的合理开发利用奠定了基础。     

广西地区10种淮山全粉主要安全指标的测定

目的：了解广西地区淮山全粉的安全状况,为广西地区淮山全粉安全地方标准的制定提供科学依据。方法：每种淮山全粉取5份,共计50份,依照国标进行主要安全性指标的测定。结果：广西地区10种淮山全粉的农药残留含量、理化指标均达到国家标准限量;重金属含量方面,所检测的50份淮山全粉样品中,铅含量达标率为84.0%,镉含量达标率为80%,总汞和总砷含量均低于国家限制量,达标率为100%;真菌毒素含量都没有到达国家标准。结论：广西地区淮山全粉的安全存在一定程度的隐患,主要是黄曲霉毒素B1的超标,应该加强对淮山全粉制作工艺的监督。     

广西十个不同产地的两面针中活性成分的分析

采用HPLC法对广西十个不同产地的两面针中具有抗肿瘤活性的氯化两面针碱和具有镇痛活性的 L-芝麻脂素的含量进行了分析和比较。发现在不同产地的两面针中氯化两面针碱和L-芝麻脂素的含量差别 都较大,广西百色的两面针中氯化两面针碱含量和L-芝麻脂素的含量均最高,氯化两面针碱0．467％,L-芝麻 脂素0．160％;广西金秀的两面针中氯化两面针碱含量和L-芝麻脂素的含量均最低,氯化两面针碱0．0490％, L-芝麻脂素0．0370％。分析的色谱柱为HYPERSIL BDS C18,测定氯化两面针碱的条件为,流动相乙腈: 0．02 mol／L KH2PO4溶液(34:66),流速为1．0 mL／min,柱温40℃,检测波长329 nm,进样量为20μL;测定 L-芝麻脂素的条件为,流动相乙腈:水(50:50),流速为1．0 mL／min,柱温40℃,检测波长287 nm,进样量为 20μL。该研究为两面针在抗肿瘤药物和镇痛等方面的开发利用提供了可靠的理论依据,具有重要应用价值。     

RP-HPLC测定杭白芷不同部位5种香豆素的含量

目的:通过高效液相色谱测定栽培杭白芷不同部位中5种香豆素的含量,为合理利用栽培杭白芷资源提供依据.方法:采用Phenomenex Gemini C18(250 mm×4.60 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-水(70:30),流速0.8 mL·min-1,柱温30℃;UV检测波长310 nm.结果:栽培杭白芷不同部位的5种香豆素的含量差异显著.结论:栽培杭白芷的根中5种香豆素的总含量最高.     

HPLC法同时测定延胡索不同部位中11种核苷类成分

目的：测定并评价不同产地延胡索药材不同部位中11种核苷类成分的含量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定核苷类成分的含量,并对测定结果进行聚类分析。结果：不同产地延胡索中核苷类物质含量由高到低为鸟苷>尿苷>腺苷>肌苷>胞苷>尿嘧啶>2’-脱氧肌苷>2’-脱氧胸苷>腺嘌呤>胸腺嘧啶>2’-脱氧腺苷,11种核苷总含量整体表现为叶>茎>块茎,不同产地延胡索核苷类总含量由高到低为浙江磐安>浙江东阳>陕西汉中>重庆万州>重庆开州,块茎中的11种核苷成分含量比无显著性差异,但茎和叶差异较大。结论：此方法可用于延胡索不同部位中核苷类成分的测定,为其综合利用提供思路。     

梯度洗脱法同时快速分离测定不同品种不同部位淫羊藿中7种异戊烯基黄酮类成分的研究

建立一种同时快速分离测定不同品种、不同部位淫羊藿中双藿苷A、淫羊藿属苷A、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿属苷C、意卡瑞苷A和去多甲基羟基淫羊藿素7种异戊烯基黄酮类成分的梯度洗脱方法,其中双藿苷A、意卡瑞苷A和去多甲基羟基淫羊藿素为首次报道其含量测定。实验比较了三种不同的梯度洗脱条件和三种不同的提取分离条件,选出了实验的最佳条件:采用RP-HPLC法,以美国WATERS SUNFIRETM-C18为色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱(乙腈:0 min,20%;10 min,40%;15 min,45%;20 min,60%),流速为1 mL/min,检测波长270 nm,在此条件下,30 m in内所有组分均得到了良好的分离。实验同时考察比较了巫山淫羊藿植株不同药材部位和其它十种不同品种淫羊藿中7种异戊烯基黄酮类成分的分布。结果表明:不同品种淫羊藿中黄酮类成分的含量差异很大,但大部分品种以朝藿定C为主;同一品种巫山淫羊藿不同部位中则双藿苷A和朝藿定C的含量较大(在巫山淫羊藿根中,两者的含量分别为现行质量控制指标淫羊藿苷的20倍和30倍),可见巫山淫羊藿显著不同于其它品种的淫羊藿,朝藿定C在其药用效果中可能比淫羊藿苷扮演着更重要的角色尤其是在根部作为药用时,这也为民间将巫山淫羊藿根作为小黄连使用提供了一定的实验支持。结论:对于品种较多,分布资源较广的淫羊藿药材,作为药用时,应注意品种和药用部位,考察药材的内在质量,不能一概而论。实验所得到的方法能被用做淫羊藿植株中二次代谢产物分布的快速考察、筛选符合要求的淫羊藿原药材和淫羊藿制备药物中的质量考察。     

巴豆提取物对玉米象的生物活性

研究了巴豆(Croton tigliumL.)4种溶剂提取物对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky)成虫的驱避作用和触杀作用。结果表明:巴豆的4种溶剂提取物对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais(Mostchulsky)成虫均有很好的触杀作用,7.86 mg/cm2的浓度处理后,4 d后的校正死亡率均达到100%。巴豆的4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫没有明显的驱避作用。     

巴豆粉及其溶剂提取物对玉米象的防治效果

用巴豆粉、提取物进行拌粮,研究对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky)的防效。试验结果表明:巴豆粉在8000mg/kg稻谷使用剂量下,玉米象成虫的校正死亡率为46.7%,对子代的种群抑制率为65.7%;巴豆4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫及子代均具有很明显的控制作用,其中以无水乙醇提取物的效果最明显;1000mg/kg稻谷处理剂量下,玉米象成虫的校正死亡率为88.7%,对子代的种群抑制率为87.5%。     

Effect of seed extracts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Withania somnifera,Croton tiglium</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygrophila auriculata</Emphasis> on behavior and physiology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Odontotermes obesus</Emphasis> (Isoptera,Termitidae)

In addition to antibiotic properties, medicinal plants are important sources of chemicals with potential application as pesticides. The present study deals with antitermitic potential of seed extracts of Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng), Croton tiglium (jamalgoota) and Hygrophila auriculata (talimkhana). The seed extracts caused changes in tunneling behaviour, number of bacterial colonies in hindgut and activities of enzymes in midgut of Odontotermes obesus. C. tiglium showed the lowest LT₅₀ (12.85 and 2.65 h) among the three seed extracts at concentrations of 50% (half dilution of the extract) and 100% (extract without dilution), respectively. There was no tunneling in soil treated with 100% concentration of seed extracts of W. somnifera and C. tiglium. Numbers of bacterial colonies in the gut of termites from soils treated with 50% and 100% concentrations of the three plants did not differ significantly, but they differed from those in termites from untreated soil. At 50% concentrations of seed extracts of the tested plants, the difference in hindgut enzyme activities was not obvious, however, at 100% concentrations the enzyme activities in the termites from soils treated with seed extracts significantly differed from controls and differences were also recorded between the plants.     

Chemical Composition Determination and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Croton blanchetianus (Euphorbiaceae) against Clinically Relevant Bacteria

In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) extracted from Croton blanchetianus Baill leaves was identified, and antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli strains were determined. Moreover, the effects of EO in combination with ampicillin and tetracycline were investigated. Thirty-four components, mainly mono-and sesquiterpenes that represented 94.05 % of the chemical composition, were identified in the EO. The EO showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against all strains tested. Furthermore, the EO showed a synergistic effect with ampicillin and tetracycline. EO significantly inhibited biofilm formation and reduced the number of viable cells in biofilms. The EO may be a promising natural product for preventing bacterial biofilm infections.     

基于流式细胞术的乌饭树核DNA含量(2C-值)测定

核DNA含量(2C-值)是描述植物生物多样性的一个重要特征参数。该研究利用流式细胞仪检测越橘属植物乌饭树核DNA含量,建立了适合乌饭树的流式细胞术测定方法:以野生乌饭树的嫩叶为材料,以已知核DNA含量的水稻品种‘日本晴’为内标,采用GPB解离液,细胞核悬液加入50μL獉mL-1碘化丙啶染色5 min即可上机检测。结果表明:(1) 9个乌饭树单株的核DNA含量平均值为(1.22±0.03) pg,最小值为1.18 pg,最大值为1.27 pg。(2)检测结果与已知的越橘属二倍体植株的2C-值含量相似,且不同地理来源的单株DNA含量没有显著差异(P>0.05),推测这9个单株为二倍体植株。(3)测定的乌饭树核DNA含量(2C-值)可丰富越橘属植物的C-值库;基于流式细胞术建立的乌饭树核DNA含量测定方法可为该属其他植物的相关研究提供借鉴。     

Determination of main and trace element contents in human brain by NAA and ICP-AES methods

A study was undertaken to determine the average values for elements in normal human brain (11 individuals, age group 65–75). Twelve brain parts were selected from both hemispheres. Determinations were carried out by NAA and ICP-AES. The main elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, P, S) and trace elements (Al, B, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) were investigated. Quality control was ensured by using NBS Bovine Liver SRM. The results obtained with independent methods were compared, and the data show a good correlation. On the basis of these investigations, the regional distribution of elements can be given.     

Determination of zinc contents in rabbits with cerebral ischemia by NAA and ICP-AES

Cerebral ischemia is an important cerebral vascular disease, and zinc is a necessary trace element for humans. In this work, a cerebral ischemia model of rabbit was established by operation. The samples of brain and serum in the animal models were collected. The Zn contents in the samples were determined by neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The results show the Zn contents in brain decreased 2 mo after cerebral ischemia, and Zn contents in serum decreased even more obviously. In addition, a positive correlation of Zn contents between left and right cerebral hemispheres was observed, and the positive correlation between brain and serum was also observed. A test of Chinese medicine was also carried out in the work. Two Chinese medicines were fed to rabbits with cerebral ischemia in the experiments. The results showed they probably can prevent the decrease of Zn contents in serum.     

战骨黄酮碳苷类化合物的大孔树脂富集工艺研究

黄酮碳苷,作为战骨植物中的有效成分之一,具有抗骨关节炎的功效.为优化植物战骨茎中总黄酮碳苷的富集纯化工艺,该研究以战骨中5个黄酮碳苷为考察指标,通过对13种大孔树脂的静态吸附与解吸实验,优选出合适的大孔树脂,利用高效液相色谱对结果进行检测,然后利用正交工艺优化富集纯化条件.结果表明:(1)XAD-16N型大孔树脂对植物...     

Measurement of PM 10/2.5 fractionated respirable particles in Urban Toronto by INAA,PIXE, ICP-AES,and LAMS

The chemical analysis of urban Toronto airborne particulate matter (PM), size segregated into respirable PM10/2.5, is presented. The characterization of PM by use of proton-induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry revealed elemental information; a newer laser ablationionization mass spectrometry approach has the potential to expand the chemical information from PM by analyzing both the inorganic and organic species. These PM analytical approaches will be continued in the future for studying (1) emission source identification, (2) inhalation health hazards, and (3) urban smog chemistry.