大斑芫菁和棉蝗间的发育同步性研究

寄生物和寄主的发育关联研究已有很多报道,而人们对捕食者与猎物的同步发育关系却知之甚少。本文研究了大斑芫菁Mylabris phalerata及其猎物棉蝗Chondracris rosea rosea在18℃、22℃、25％、28℃、31℃和34℃恒温下的发育特性及发育同步性。大斑芫菁幼虫（除5龄外）发育起点温度均低于10℃,而棉蝗每个阶段的发育起点温度都高于10℃。大斑芫菁5龄幼虫的有效积温为440．53日度,低于棉蝗卵的462．96日度,并且大斑芫菁1～4龄幼虫的有效积温均少于1—4龄蝗蝻。大斑芫菁成虫出现、卵孵化和幼虫滞育解除日期与棉蝗产卵和卵孵化日期,显示大斑芫菁的发育和棉蝗的发育具有季节同步性,而且大斑芫菁的滞育同步化了大斑芫菁和棉蝗的发育。     

Isolation and characteristics of Thiopedia rosea (neotype)

Four new strains of Thiopedia rosea were isolated in pure culture from blooms of platelet-forming purple sulfur bacteria in the top layers of the anoxic hypolimnia of two freshwater lakes. Individual cells of the new strains as well as of T. rosea strain 4211 were spherical to oval, nonmotile and contained gas vesicles in the central part. The predominant photosynthetic pigments were bacteriochlorophyll a and okenone. All strains were strictly anaerobic and obligately phototrophic. Optimal growth occurred at low light intensities of 100 E · m^-2 s^-1 (tungsten lamp); intensities above 150 E · m^-2 s^-1 inhibited growth completely. Photoautotrophic growth was possible at sulfide concentrations up to 0.6 mM; higher concentrations were inhibitory. Acetate, butyrate and valerate supported photoorganotrophic growth in the presence of bicarbonate and sulfide concentrations below 1 mM. Sulfide was required as a source of cellular sulfur because assimilatory sulfate reduction is lacking. All strains were assigned to the species Thiopedia rosea with strain 4211 as a neotype.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. G. Schlegel on the occasion of his 66th birthday     

A taxonomic revision of the Antennaria rosea (Asteraceae: Inuleae: Gnaphaliinae) polyploid complex

TheAntennaria rosea species complex is circumscribed to contain four subspecific taxa. A complete synonymy and key to the subspecies ofA. rosea is presented. The following new combinations are proposed:Antennaria rosea subsp.arida (E. Nels.) R. Bayer,A. rosea subsp. confinis (Greene) R. Bayer, andA. rosea subsp. pulvinata (Greene) R. Bayer. The affinities ofA. rosea to other species ofAntennaria are discussed and a key to separateA. rosea from related polyploid complexes is provided.     

Description of the Final Stadium Larva of Hetaerina rosea Selys (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae)

The final stadium larva of Hetaerina rosea is here described and illustrated for the first time based on specimens collected in Corrientes and Buenos Aires provinces, Argentina.     

Investigations into the evolutionary history of theAntennaria rosea (Asteraceae: Inuleae) polyploid complex

TheAntennaria rosea polyploid agamic complex is one of the most morphologically diverse and widespread complexes of N. AmericanAntennaria. The group is taxonomically confusing because of numerous agamospermous microspecies, having been recognized as distinct species. Morphometric analyses have demonstrated that the primary source of morphological variability in the complex derives from six sexually reproducing progenitors,A. aromatica, A. corymbosa, A. media, A. microphylla, A. racemona, andA. umbrinella. Additionally, two other sexually reproducing species,A. marginata andA. rosulata, may have contributed to the genetic complexity of theA. rosea complex. Cluster analysis indicates that four discrete morphological groups exist within theA. rosea complex. Each group could be the result of predominance of genes from different groups of sexual progenitors. AsA. rosea is of multiple hybrid origin, from among several sexual progenitors, it is advisable to recognizeA. rosea as a distinct species from its sexual progenitors.Investigations into the evolutionary history of the polyploid complexes inAntennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae). 3. TheA. rosea complex.     

Biological control of snails exerted byEuglandina rosea (Ferussac) in Bermuda

Résumé Cet article relate un essai de lutte biologique effectué aux Bermudes contre deux Gastéropodes nuisibles:Rumina decollata (Linné) (Achatinidae) etOtata lactea Muller (Helicidae) au moyen du mollusque carnivoreEuglandina rosea (Ferussac). 845Euglandina, ont été libérés dans l'?le en 1958 et 1960. Dès 1962, il était évident que l'opération se soldait par un succès complet contreOtata mais par un échec contreRumina. 500Euglandina ont été récoltés en quelques jours aux Bermudes et expédiés à l'?le Maurice, à Hong-kong, Nord-Bornéo et les Bahamas pour de semblables essais.      

Experiments on orientation of the intertidal barnacle Tesseropora rosea (Krauss)

The intertidal barnacle Tesseropora rosea (Krauss) exhibits very marked directionality of orientation on sloping and vertical surfaces. The barnacles are orientated so that their cirral fans face the water current; this pattern was found within 1 wk after settlement. Adults also showed similar orientation to the water current at each site.Three manipulative experiments were done in the field to determine the consequences of incorrect orientation by the barnacles. Correct orientation was necessary for T. rosea to maintain its tissue weight, but experimental rotation of barnacles through 90° or 180° made no difference to rates of shell growth, mortality or weight of egg masses. Furthermore, this species was unable to re-orientate once it had metamorphosed, and orientation of newly-settled barnacles was not influenced by that of adults.     

Burrowing,feeding, egestion and energy budgets of Allolobophora rosea (Savigny) (Lumbricidae)

Summary Allolobophora rosea (Savigny) was found to be common in mull type soils beneath bramble (Rubus fruticosus L.). Burrow construction in this soil type in the laboratory at 4.4, 10.0 and 14.8°C ranged between 133 and 516 mm g^-1 fresh wt of worm day^-1. Burrowing was affected by both body size and temperature. Rates of soil displacement during burrowing were estimated from burrowing rates, burrow dimensions and soil density; depending on body size and temperature they were in the range 809–1,928 mg dry wt of soil g^-1 fresh wt of worm day^-1. These values were in reasonable agreement with measured egestion rates (range: 1,000–2,000 mg dry wt of egesta g^-1 fresh wt of worm day^-1). It was concluded that A. rosea eats its way through the soil and is adapted to its rapid turnover. Gut turnover times were calculated to be between 1 and 2.5 h.Direct observation indicated that feeding was by a grazing procedure and it was shown that A. rosea preferentially selects the more organic fractions of the soil for ingestion.The evaluation of energy budgets for individual small immature, large immature and adult worms at 10°C revealed respiration to production ratios (R/P) of 1.0, 1.8 and 4.1, respectively. Assimilation efficiencies (A/C) were always less than 2.5%.     

Resource defense polygyny by Hetaerina rosea Selys (Odonata: Calopterygidae): influence of age and wing pigmentation

Current evidence suggests that in Hetaerina damselflies males exhibit lek mating system. In this study, in order to answer if the same occurs in Hetaerina rosea Selys, we manipulated vegetation substrates used as territories and quantified the number of visiting females, males defending territories and fight intensity. We also examined whether body size and wing pigmentation are selectable traits in male-male competition, and if age affects male territorial behavior. Our results showed that males with larger pigmented areas won more contests, independently of body size. Old males changed from territoriality to sneaking strategy. Contrary to other Hetaerina species, males of H. rosea do not display lek behavior, but defend resources according to the resource defense polygyny strategy.     

Über die Pleomorphie von MLO in Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea)

About the pleomorphism of MLO in Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea) MLO of the flower greening (virescence)-type of Primula in the phloem of Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea) were fixed in two different ways. After prefixation with OsO4 they showed a diminished pleomorphic morphology, most MLO were spherical. With the fixation of KARNOVSKY (1965) and subsequent treatments with OsO4 and uranyl acetate, however, an extremely high pleomorphism was observed. Such pleomorphic MLO in single thin sections are probably the expression of a threedimensional network-like connection. The concentration of MLO in the sieve elements seems to influence the pleomorphism only insignificantly.     

Rosavin as a product of glycosylation by Rhodiola rosea (roseroot) cell cultures

The paper discusses glycosylation of trans-cinnamyl alcohol to obtain the biologically active compound rosavin and possibly other cinnamoylglycosides. Cell suspension cultures of Rhodiola rosea were established from callus of leaf origin cultured under light in a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Under these conditions, no rosavin was formed. However, when trans-cinnamyl alcohol (2.5 mM; in MeOH) was added to the medium, after 72 h incubation cells transformed over 90% of the cinnamyl alcohol into a number of unidentified products. The structure of potential rosavin accumulated in intracellular spaces was elucidated as [3-phenyl-2-propenyl-O-(6'-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl) -β-D-glucopyranoside] by means of chemical and spectral analysis using TLC, HPLC, UV, LSIMS and NMR methods. Rosavin yields of 0.03–1.01% dry weight were obtained. The actual amount depended on the cell strain cultured and the biotransformation period. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Physiological comparisons of transformed (crown gall) and nontransformedVinca rosea L. Cells

Summary In vitro growth rates of transformed (crown gall) and nontransformed cultures ofVinca rosea L. were greater at 32°C than at 25°C. The growth of transformed cells was significantly inhibited by kanamycin, neomycin, and chloramphenicol but not by cycloheximide. Nontransformed cells were inhibited by all four antibiotics., The relative growth rates of transformed cultures induced by four different strains, ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens did not correspond to the relative rates of tumor weight increase observed in vivo nor with the relative weights of tumor tissue in, plants 8 weeks after inoculation with the corresponding bacterial strains.     

棉蝗的染色体组型和C带研究

本文研究了棉蝗(Chondracris roses rosea De Geer）的染色体组型和C带．结果表明：棉蝗的染色体数目：2n(♂）＝22十XO=23,全部为端着丝粒染色体,NF=23,核型公式：2n(♂）＝2X = 23t,按染色体长度顺序排列分成四组,但按相对程度也可分为三组;所有染色体都具有明显的着丝粒带;异染色质总量为15.94土0.26%;染色体组中最长与最短染色体之比为5.89 : l,臂比大于2:1的染色体比例为零,棉蝗的核型属"1C"核型．     

Artificial chromosome libraries of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Planobispora rosea

Using an Escherichia coli-Streptomyces shuttle vector derived from a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), we developed methodologies for the construction of BAC libraries of filamentous actinomycetes. Libraries of Streptomyces coelicolor, the model actinomycete, and Planobispora rosea, a genetically intractable strain, were constructed. Both libraries have an average insert size of 60 kb, with maximal insert larger than 150 kb. The S. coelicolor library was evaluated by selected hybridisations to DraI fragments and by end sequencing of a few clones. Hybridisation of the P. rosea library to selected probes indicates a good representation of the P. rosea genome and that the library can be used to facilitate the genomic analysis of this actinomycete.     

Entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea as a biocontrol agent against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a notorious insect pest of many economic important crop plants including cotton, tomato, etc. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of new biological control agent to replace toxic chemical pesticides from agro-ecosystem. Clonostachys rosea associated with whitefly and aphid (Aphis gossypii) on cotton plants was isolated and characterised on a morphological and molecular basis. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Pathogenicity of C. rosea was evaluated in two concentrations against fourth instar nymphal and adult stages of B. tabaci. The study revealed that C. rosea was highly parasitic against fourth instar nymphs than adults at different spore concentrations. Two isolates of C. rosea were identified in this study, and both were morphologically similar. However, differences were observed in the ITS region of the C. rosea isolates. Our results showed that C. rosea has the prospects to serve as a potential biocontrol agent against economically important insect pests.     

Internal embryonic brooding and development in the southern Australian micro-snail Tricolia rosea (Angas, 1867) (Vetigastropoda: Phasianellidae: Tricoliinae)*

ABSTRACT

Internal embryonic brooding has been suggested as an adaptation to enhance reproductive success in minute gastropods. It is rare in vetigastropods, previously known in only two species of Spectamen Iredale, 1924 (Solariellidae) from South Africa. Herein it is confirmed in the temperate Australian micro-snail Tricolia rosea (Angas, 1867), with up to 46 embryos observed within a gravid female. Embryos are brooded to an advanced stage, possessing a translucent, calcified shell and a calcified operculum. The initial protoconch is colourless, spirally sculptured and delineated by a consistent axial demarcation at the 0.75 whorl mark, when it measures 320?µm across. Beyond this, the second part of the protoconch is tinted pink, the strong spiral sculpture continues but the ribs and interstices are broader, with smoother surface microsculpture. At the 1.1 to 1.125 whorl mark the protoconch measures 400?µm across when transition to smooth teleoconch sculpture occurs. No brooded embryos possessed teleoconch sculpture. The potential relationship of protoconch morphology to embryonic development, hatching, feeding and release are considered. The mechanism of fertilisation is unknown, but embryos in a brood are at the same developmental stage. Unanswered questions in embryonic development and problems with protoconch terminologies in vetigastropods are also discussed.     

First record of Clonostachys rosea (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as an entomopathogenic fungus of Oncometopia tucumana and Sonesimia grossa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Argentina

Clonostachys rosea (Link: Fries) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert, and Gams (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) has been reported as a mycoparasite of fungi and nematodes and as saprobe in soils, but this fungus has not been reported previously to be entomopathogenic. Many species of cicadellid leafhoppers cause economic damage to crops as vectors of plant pathogens. In the present work, we report the first record of C. rosea as an entomopathogenic fungus of two leafhoppers pest, Oncometopia tucumana and Sonesimia grossa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in Argentina and evaluate the pathogenicity of C. rosea against them.     

Ontogeny of the interfascicular cambium in the petiole ofTabebuia rosea DC. (Bignoniaceae)

In order to elucidate the origin of interfascicular cambium in the petiole ofTabebuia rosea, transverse and tangential views of the cells in the interfascicular region during the different developmental stages of the petiole have been traced. Interfascicular cambium originates from the interfascicular parenchyma, which has been differentiated from interfascicular vascular meristem cells. Interfascicular parenchyma cells divide periclinally differentiating into the interfascicular metacambial cells and then into the cambium. Tangentially the homogenous structure of interfascicular parenchyma cells in the early stage gradually changes into a heterogenous structure with long and short cells from which fusiform and ray initials are derived, respectively. Ontogenetic pattern of the interfascicular cambium is similar to that of the fascicular one with interfascicular metacambium as an intermediate stage.