广西南垌早石炭世巴平组下段牙形刺新材料

本文系统研究了广西南垌早石炭世巴平组下段丰富的牙形刺,识别出Siphonodella duplicata,S.cooperi,S.obosoleta,S.quadruplicata,S.lobata,S.crenulata,S.sandbergi,S.eurylobata,S.isosticha,Gnathodus delicatus等重要的带化石。首次报道和描述了产自Siphonodella crenulata带下部牙形刺新材料,其中确立一新种:Siphonodella nandongensis sp.nov.Li;一新未定种:Siphonodellasp.nov.A;且修订了Siphonodella trirostrata Druce(1969)的含义。依据上述牙形刺:Siphonodella nandongensis sp.nov.Li;Siphonodellasp.nov.A和Siphonodella trirostrata Druce(1969)发育特征,认为Siphonodella nandongensis sp.nov.Li与Siphonodella sexplicata;Siphonodella sp.nov.A与Siphonodella quadruplicata(Branson et Mehl);Siphonodella trirostrata Druce(1969)与Siphonodella sandbergi Klapper演化关系密切,并确定所描述的化石新材料的层位是Siphonodella crenulata带下部,地质时代为早石炭世早期,为进一步精细地层划分提供了翔实资料。     

贵州独山马道剖面泥盆-石炭纪之交的牙形刺及其地层意义

本文系统研究了贵州独山马道剖面泥盆-石炭纪之交的牙形刺,共鉴定出6属25种(包括亚种、比较种、未定亚种)。根据牙形刺的产出情况,在该剖面自下而上可以识别出3个牙形刺带,即法门阶的Bispathodus ultimus带,杜内阶的Siphonodella isosticha带和Polygnathus communis carina带。基于详细的牙形刺材料,讨论了上述生物带的时限和范围,并与其他地区进行了对比。虽然尚未在本剖面找到泥盆-石炭系界线的标志分子Siphonodella sulcata,但综合考虑其他牙形刺的分布以及岩性变化特征,可以将泥盆-石炭系界线暂置于融县组上部白云岩段的底部。以上成果将加深对于这一层段的牙形刺面貌以及牙形刺生物带的理解,也将为开展华南泥盆-石炭系界线再研究以及泥盆-石炭纪之交的生物-环境事件研究提供借鉴。     

云南保山—施甸地区早石炭世牙形刺序列及其地层意义

该文论述了保山—施甸地区下石炭统下部的三个牙形刺带:Pseudosemiglaber带、latus带及tex-anus带。石炭系与泥盆系呈平行不整合接触,界线位于牙形刺triangularis带与crenulata带间或ex-pansa带与sandbergi带间,各地不一;杜内阶至维宪阶地层连续,两阶界线位于牙形刺 latus带与texanus带间,也大致相当于珊瑚 Zaphrentites parallelus-Neozaphrentis subtenella-Rotiphyllum den-sum-Pentaphyllum yudongense 组合与Kueichouphyllum sinense-Siphonophyllum caninoides-HeteroPhyllia yunnanensis组合之界。     

贵州罗甸罗苏一带石炭系中间界线附近的䗴类

一、前言1983年,国际地科联石炭系分会批准了石炭系中间界线特别委员会推荐的确定石炭系中间界线的最终方案。方案规定下石炭统与上石炭统的国际界线应大致相当于菊石Eumorpho-ceras带演变到Homoceras带的转折期。鉴于Homoceras的地理分布相当局限,不能作为识别上、下石炭统全球界线的首要标准类群(Firstleading group);牙形刺Declinognathodus     

镇江地区上二叠统—下三叠统的牙形刺

详细描述了采自镇江附近１１－１，１１－２，７９－８号等钻孔的上二叠统—下三叠统的牙形刺化石共１１属２８种，建立了６个牙形刺化石带，其中上二叠统１个、下三叠统５个，并以牙形刺带为基础，进行了国内外对比。     

新疆东部托克逊马鞍桥剖面桑树园组刺毛-珊瑚礁的时代

新疆东部托克逊马鞍桥剖面桑树园组下部灰岩段的顶部发育了刺毛-珊瑚礁,通过对礁体及其上下地层的■类和牙形刺研究,可识别出■类3属14种,以属Eostaffella-Eostaffellina-Pseudostaffella组合为特征;牙形刺2属2种:Idiognathoides corrugatus和Idiognathodus sp.。■类Pseudostaffella antiqua,P.conspecta和P.paracompressa extensa的出现指示桑树园组灰岩段顶部相当于上石炭统滑石板阶上部,属于■类Pseudostaffella composite-P.paracompressa带。牙形刺Idiognathoides corrugatus和Idiognathodus sp.是晚石炭世巴什基尔期常见分子,对应上石炭统罗苏阶上部至滑石板阶上部。综合上述■类和牙形刺生物地层,可以确定桑树园组刺毛-珊瑚礁的时代为巴什基尔期中期(滑石板阶上部)。本文刺毛-珊瑚礁时代的确定可以为石炭纪中期生物灭绝/更替事件之后后生动物礁的复苏演化提供新认识。     

我国北方石炭-二叠系牙形刺序列再认识

文中根据当前比较统一的牙形刺分带原则,对我国北方石炭二叠系的牙形刺序列进行了研究和重新定义。我国北方地区石炭二叠系的牙形刺带或组合带由上而下可综合如下：Sweetognathus whitei,S.inornatus,Streptognathodus barskovi,S.isolatus,S.elegantulus-S.oppletus,Idiognathodus magnificus-Neognathodus roundyi,Idiognathodus delicatus-Neognathodus bothrops,Idiognathoides corrugatus-I.sinuatus,Declinognathodus noduliferus,Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis和Gnathodus bilineatus bilineatus带或组合带。本文同时介绍了牙形刺带和组合带在我国北方的分布、时代及其对比。     

内蒙古巴特敖包地区早泥盆世牙形刺

内蒙古达茂旗(达尔罕茂明安联合旗)巴特敖包地区以碳酸岩相古生代地层发育而引人注意。经多年研究,特别是李文国等(1985)的研究,使本区珊瑚、腕足类、层孔虫、鹦鹉螺等大化石的研究工作已有一定基础,并依据牙形刺首先确定了在阿鲁共剖面有泥盆纪地层的存在。但本区泥盆纪地层仍存在很多问题,必须通过对牙形刺的研究加以解决。在王成源研究员的精心安排和亲自指导下,作者等在巴特敖包地区的七个剖面进行了系统取样研究。经对158个样品(重667kg)的分析,在本区发现了大量的原定为志留纪的早泥盆世地层,包括西别河组命名剖面。分析结果同时证明,本区不存在志留系温洛克统的沉积。巴特敖包剖面断层发育,志留—泥盆纪地层交替出现,巴特敖包组应取消,原定的阿鲁共剖面层序颠倒。本区地层应厘订为志留系的西别河组(罗德洛统—普里道利统)和下泥盆统的阿鲁共组(Lochkovian阶),前者以包尔汉图剖面为标准剖面,后者应寻找更好的标准剖面。本文重点总结巴特敖包地区早泥盆世的牙形刺。本区共建立了4个牙形刺带,文中共描述了8牙形刺属,21种,其中包括4亚种、1新种(Belodellataeniocuspidatasp.nov.)和1未定种。     

贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层的再研究

本文详细描述了贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)剖面的生物地层和年代地层,其牙形刺序列自上而下可详细划分为：Streptognathodus isolatus, S. wabaunsensis, S. tenuialveus, S. firmus, Idiognathodus nashuiensis , Streptognathodus simulator, S. guizhouensis , S. gracilis-S, excelsus , S. cancellosus , S. clavatulus , S. nodocarinatus , Idiognathodus podolskensis , Mesogondolella clarki -Idiognathodus robustus , Diplognathodus ophanus-D, ellesmerensis, Idiognathoides ouachitensis, Streptognathodus expansus, Idiognathoides sulcatus parva, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus bassleri, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus symmetricus, Neognathodus symmetricus, Idiognathoides corrugatus-I, pacificus, I. sinuatus, I. sulcatus sulcatus, Declinognathodus noduli ferus 和 Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis 等带。 Declinognathodus noduliferus 和 Streptognathodus isolatus 的首次出现分别代表上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)和二叠系的开始。根据牙形刺和有孔虫的序列,罗甸纳水剖面的上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层自下而上可划分为罗苏阶(Luosuan)、滑石板阶(Huashibanian)、达拉阶(Dalaan)和马平阶(Mapingian),并可与俄罗斯的巴什基尔阶(Bashkirian)、莫斯科阶(Moscovian)、卡西莫夫阶(Kasimovian)和格舍尔阶(Gzhelian),北美的莫罗阶(Morrowan)、阿托克阶(Atokan)、得梅因阶(Desmoinesian)、密苏里阶(Missourian)和弗吉尔阶(Virgilian)进行对比。另外,本文也详细讨论了剖面中的石炭系中间界线及石炭-二叠系界线。     

海南岛昌江地区石炭纪牙形刺化石

海南岛昌江地区前人所称南好组第四段及第三段分别发现的牙形刺Siphonodella isosticha-S.cooperi组合及Mesogondolella clarki组合,表明该组包括了早石炭早期及晚石炭世早中期,而不是传统的认为的属早石炭世并可能包括中－晚泥盆世,同时还证实原南好组第三段层位远远高于第四段,而不是位于其下,从而纠正了前人长期沿用的该地区石炭系层序的错误,并指出昌江地区石炭纪牙形刺属华南古生物地理系。     

福建宁化上石炭统达拉阶的类

通过对福建宁化县泉下镇石灰窑下村上石炭统达拉阶类的系统研究,共描述类10属35种,包括3个未定种。根据类化石在地层中的分布和垂向变化规律,自上而下建立两个带、三个亚带:II.Fusulina Fusu linella带,3)Fusulinaquasicylindrica亚带,2)Beedeinamayiensis亚带和1)Fusulinellahelenae Pseudostaffella paradoxa亚带,I.Pseudoendothyraninghuaensis带。为该区以及我国石炭系地层的划分和对比提供重要的素材。     

Revision of Famennian-Tournaisian (Late Devonian – Early Carboniferous) conodont biostratigraphy of Sardinia,Italy

Conodont biostratigraphy of the Famennian and Tournaisian of Sardinia is provided on the basis of all data available in the literature. More than 130 conodont taxa documented from this time-interval allow recognition of nineteen conodont biozones. The zonation scheme adopted here is broadly similar to the standard zonation schemes used in the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous, though a few variations are needed to better accommodate the species occurrences in Sardinia: the velifer Zone and the styriacus Zone have been reintroduced, even though with slightly different meanings than previously used; the Lower praesulcata Zone is expanded to include the Middle praesulcata interval. The Upper praesulcata Zone and the sulcata Zone are missing. All zones are described and discussed and a complete list of bioevents is provided.     

Foraminifères,Algues et Conodontes Bashkiriensdu Culm des Pyrénées béarnaises

Reworked benthic microfauna and microflora have been discovered in the Culm Carboniferous of the 〈Zone Primaire Axiale〉 (Western Pyrénées, Béarn).About fifty different species of Foraminifera have been identified, notably: Asteroarchaediscus, Neoarchaediscus, Eolasiodiscus, Eostaffella, Plectostaffella, Pseudostaffella.The associations as well as Algae and Conodontsfound with them indicate a Namurian C age (Lower Bashkirian G1, Zones 20–21).Paleogeographical consequences on a regional and Paleotethys scale are discussed.     

广西柳州楼梯山马平组皱纹珊瑚新材料

研究了广西马平灰岩的标准地点柳州楼梯山剖面的地层及其珊瑚,描述皱纹珊瑚7属10种,其中5新种,并系统地阐述了马平组的沿革.     

Conodont biostratigraphy of Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous deposits in eastern Alborz (Mighan section), North Iran

The Devonian/Carboniferous (D/C) transition is characterized by a major transgressive/regressive cycle which led to a widespread ocean anoxia known as the Hangenberg Black Shale Event (HBSE), as well to a major sea-level fall (Hangenberg Sandstone Event, HSSE), recognized around the world. Both events are known as the Hangenberg Crisis. In order to examine the D/C transition in shallow water environment, the Mighan section in eastern Alborz was studied in terms of conodont biostratigraphy and stable isotope geochemistry. Twenty-five conodont species belonging to seven genera were identified and 5 conodont zones discriminated; namely, the Bispathodus aculeatus aculeatus Zone, Bispathodus costatus Zone, Bispathodus ultimus Zone, Siphonodella praesulcata Zone, costatus-kockeli Interregnum, and the sulcata Zone. Below the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary (DCB), the Hangenberg Black Shale and Hangenberg Sandstone equivalents were recognized, representing the Hangenberg Crisis that highly affected trilobite, ammonoid, brachiopod and conodont faunas at Mighan and worldwide. The kockeli Zone of the latest Famennian is missing at Mighan due to the lack of conodonts, probably related with the major environmental changes linked with the Hangenberg Crisis recognizable worldwide. Carbon isotopes measured of micrites from Mighan indicate a proximal depositional environment of a shallow shelf with terrestrial input and the oxygen isotope values from conodont apatite suggest warm seawater temperatures of tropical and subtropical setting in the study area.     

云南墨江上三叠统歪古村组燧石质砾石中的晚古生代放射虫化石及其地质意义

云南哀牢山缝合带由于长期未找到晚石炭世至二叠纪深海环境的化石及沉积地层记录,对哀牢山古特提斯盆地演化历史存在着不同认识。文中报道了采自云南墨江坝留地区上三叠统歪古村组底砾岩中的早石炭世和中二叠世放射虫化石,所有放射虫化石发现于4件燧石质砾石中,共计11属9种和7未定种及1属种未定放射虫。其中,3件砾石含有Albaillella deflandrei Gourmelon,Albaillella sinuosa Won and Seo等早石炭世放射虫化石组合,另1件砾石含有Pseudoalbaillella spp.,Quadricaulis scalae Caridroit and De Wever,Cauletella sp.和Ishigaum sp.等中二叠世放射虫化石组合。由此表明,哀牢山缝合带存在着早石炭世和中二叠世深海盆地沉积地层记录,哀牢山深海盆地应该在中二叠世之后封闭。该成果为探讨哀牢山古特提斯盆地演化提供了放射虫古生物学证据,进而说明哀牢山缝合带与金沙江缝合带一样,也存在石炭纪和二叠纪深水洋盆沉积地层记录,指示其演化历史是相同的。     

Une faune de Mollusques bivalves duNamurien des Pyrénées centrales francaises

New outcrops of Carboniferous sediments in the Zone axiale of the Central French Pyrénées yielded florae and faunae of Namurian age. Among this lot of fossils, the Molluscs Bivalvia are worth particular attention. They were collected from detritical layers, located near the Ardengost Limestone; the various lithological characteristics of these layers are briefly described. The palaeontological study allows to record 13 species; among them, 11 were previously mentioned from the Namurian but it is underlined here that the determination of species remains difficult. The clear predominance of the epifauna and the fineness of the sediments agree to suggest quiet environments. At last, this fauna corroborates the great rise, during the Upper Carboniferous, of the class Pteriomorpha amongst the Bivalvia.     

Siphonodella leiosa (Conodonta), a new unornamented species from the Tournaisian (lower Carboniferous) of Puech de la Suque (Montagne Noire,France)

A new conodont species, Siphonodella leiosa, is described from the lower Carboniferous pelagic limestones of the Montagne Noire (France), deposited in North Gondwana on a outer platform environment. Specimens were obtained from one level dated to the Siphonodella jii conodont Zone. The major difference from other siphonodellid conodonts known in this area is that the elements of this new species have a practically entirely smooth and unornamented platform, apart from the development of one or two low rostral ridge-like nodes. Similar morphologies were generally observed in shallow marine deposits of the same time frame from China, Russia and East and Central European areas. The new discovery reinforces the idea that ornamentation of siphonodellids is not only related to bathymetry, but that temperature could play an important role in the diversification and radiation of unornamented species during the Siphonodella jii conodont Zone.     

Carboniferous reef succession of the Panthalassan open-ocean setting: example from Omi Limestone, central Japan

Summary The Carboniferous-Permian (Visean-Midian) Omi Limestone in the Akiyoshi Terrane, central Japan is a large carbonate unit developed on a seamount in the Panthalassa Ocean. As the seamount subsided during Carboniferous and Permian time, the carbonate deposition at the top of a seamount was almost continous. Terrigenous siliciclastic sediments are absent, because the seamount was situated in an open-ocean setting. The lower part of this seamount-type limestone records a nearly continuous Carboniferous reef succession. Sedimentary facies in the Carboniferous part of the Omi Limestone are generally highly diverse, but their diversity varies in each age. The Upper Carboniferous part consists of highly diversified facies including fore reef, reef front, reef crest, sand shoal, and lagoon facies, while a simple facies assemblage, composed only of fore reef, reef front, and sand shoal facies, occurs in the Lower Carboniferous. The Carboniferous reef succession consists of four phases characterized, in ascending order, by the coralbryozoan-crinoid community, problematic skeletal organism-microencruster community, chaetetid-microencruster community, and calcareous algal community. The first phase, comprising the coral-bryozoan-crinoid community, occurs in theEndothyra spp. Zone to theEostaffella kanmerai Zone (Visean to Serpukhovian). This community acted only as sediment-bafflers and/or contributors. The second phase, represented by the problematic skeletal organism-microencruster community, is developed in theMillerella sp. Zone to theAkiyoshiella ozawai Zone (Bashkirian to lowermost Moscovian), and the third phase, comprising the chaetetid-microencruster community, occurs in the overlyingFusulinella biconica Zone (Lower Moscovian). These two communities are characterized by highly diversified reef-building organisms that had the ability to build rigid frameworks. Calcareous algae and incertae sedis such asHikorocodium, solenoporaceans and phylloid algae characterize the fourth phase, which occurs in theBeedeina sp. Zone (Upper Moscovian). The changes of the reef communities were sucessive for a long period of more than 40 m.y., and each community was distributed in various environments. In addition, the continuous subsidence of the isolated seamount resulted in environmental stability. These properties indicate that this succession represents the biotic evolution of reef-building organisms. The problematic skeletal organism-microencruster community and chaetetid-microencruster community of the Late Carboniferous formed wave-resistant and rigid frameworks along with abundant submarine cements. The growth of these reef frameworks resulted in the formation of highly diversified sedimentary facies comparable to those of a modern reef complex. Such reefs are also recognized in the seamount-type Akiyoshi Limestone, but rare on Carboniferous Pangean shelves. Therefore, the formation of these types of reefs appear to be characteristic of open-ocean seamount settings, which differed from epicontinental shelf settings in having no siliciclastic input, being exposed to relatively strong openocean waves and swells, and probably more environmental stability resulting from the relatively continuous subsidence of the seamount.     

Miofloral succession and interpretation of the base of the permian system in the Eastern Shelf of North Central Texas,U.S.A.

The study includes palynological investigation of the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) and lowermost Permian (Wolfcampian) strata of Texas, with special emphasis on the Pennsylvanian and Permian systemic boundary in the Eastern Shelf of north central Texas. The following palynozones have been recognized: (1) Grumososporites-Simozonotriletes Zone (Atokan); (2) Torispora-Thymospora Zone (Demoinesian); (3) Cristatisporites—Cadiospora arcuata Zone (Missourian); (4) Crucisaccites americanus Zone (Early Virgilian); (5) Guptaesporites honakerensis Zone (Late Virgilian); and (6) Nuskoisporites crenulatus-Hamiapollenites saccatus Zone (Early Wolfcampian). The base of the Permian Wolfcampian Stage has been placed at the base of Nuskoisporites crenulatus-Hamiapollenites saccatus Zone, which approximately coincides with the base of the Coleman Junction Limestone Member of the Putnam Formation of the Wichita Group. This conclusion may appear to be contradictory to fusulinid evidence because it places the base of the Permian System 182.88 m above the so-called fusulinid boundary. It also disagrees with the paleobotanical boundary. The discussion concludes that fusulinid and paleobotanical evidence is inconclusive.