重金属污染区土壤酶活性变化

从福建龙岩新罗区特钢厂污灌区农田采集土壤,测定土壤基本理化性质及脲酶、纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn含量,探讨重金属污染和土壤性质对土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明： 4种全量或有效态重金属与土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性呈显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关;土壤pH与碱性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关,粉粒含量与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著负相关.经通径分析,重金属污染刺激了脲酶、多酚氧化酶和纤维素酶活性,但对碱性磷酸酶活性的影响较小.有效态Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn对过氧化氢酶活性的直接影响并不大,但通过间接途径抑制了过氧化氢酶活性.土壤理化性质对5种土壤酶活性的影响较大,碱解氮直接抑制了脲酶活性;全磷直接刺激了碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,并通过有效磷刺激了纤维素酶活性;有效磷直接刺激了纤维素酶活性,直接抑制了碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性;全钾直接抑制了碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性;速效钾通过有效磷刺激了纤维素酶活性;土壤颗粒组成明显影响多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性.5种酶活性与土壤Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn含量之间的关系不明确,因此其活性不是指示土壤Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn污染的良好指标.     

重金属污染区土壤酶活性变化——以福建龙岩新罗区特钢厂污水灌溉区为例

从福建龙岩新罗区特钢厂污灌区农田采集土壤,测定土壤基本理化性质及脲酶、纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn含量,探讨重金属污染和土壤性质对土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:4种全量或有效态重金属与土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性呈显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关;土壤pH与碱性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关,粉粒含量与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著负相关.经通径分析,重金属污染刺激了脲酶、多酚氧化酶和纤维素酶活性,但对碱性磷酸酶活性的影响较小.有效态Cu、Cd、Pb、zn对过氧化氢酶活性的直接影响并不大,但通过间接途径抑制了过氧化氢酶活性.土壤理化性质对5种土壤酶活性的影响较大,碱解氮直接抑制了脲酶活性;全磷直接刺激了碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,并通过有效磷刺激了纤维素酶活性;有效磷直接刺激了纤维素酶活性,直接抑制了碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性;全钾直接抑制了碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性;速效钾通过有效磷刺激了纤维素酶活性;土壤颗粒组成明显影响多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性.5种酶活性与土壤Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn含量之间的关系不明确,因此其活性不是指示土壤Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn污染的良好指标.     

有机物及重金属植物修复研究进展

植物修复技术是近年来发展起来的一种非常有前途的生物治理技术 ,也是当前学术界研究的热点领域 .本文对植物修复的类型 ,植物修复土壤、水体有机污染物、重金属和某些放射性核素的过程、机理及可能影响因子作了概括和详尽讨论 ,并就国内外近年来植物修复技术在污染环境中的应用和研究成果进行了综述     

The performance of vetivers (Chrysopogon zizaniodes and Chrysopogon nemoralis) on heavy metals phytoremediation: laboratory investigation

Abstract

Phytoremediation with vetiver was investigated in relation to heavy metal contaminated soil in Thailand. The work compared the performance of two species of vetiver named Songkhla 3 (Chrysopogon zizaniodes) and Prachuap Khiri Khan (Chrysopogon nemoralis) in absorbing lead, zinc, and cadmium in contaminated soils. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and Allium tests were conducted to determine toxicity of treated soil. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was also used to increase heavy metals concentration in solution in soil, which led to an increase in translocation and bioaccumulation factors. In general, results showed that concentration of heavy metals decreased in soil and increased in both the shoots and roots of vetivers during a 4-month treatment period. TCLP results indicated that the concentration of zinc and cadmium in contaminated soil was reduced over treatment time, and significantly increased after EDTA was applied. To confirm vetiver performance in phytoremediation, Allium testing showed that remained heavy metals in treated soils had no effect on nucleus aberration. Songkhla 3 and Prachuap Khiri Khan showed similar trends in their ability to remediate lead, zinc, and cadmium from contaminated soil. Both species could accumulate higher concentrations of heavy metals in their shoots and roots over time, and with EDTA application.     

Spatial distribution of total halogenated organic compounds (TX), adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), and heavy metals in wetland soil irrigated with pulp and paper wastewater

Long-term irrigation using wastewater from paper industry may cause seriously problems to the receiving soil. This work surveyed and monitored the soil quality of a wastewater irrigation wetland system in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in China in 2014 and 2015. Τhe wetland soil showed different soil properties and TX, AOX, heavy metal contents after long-term wastewater irrigation. Long-term irrigation also accumulated the heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb in the wetland soil. Compared to the control, TX in the irrigated soil increased by 47.7–69.8% (2014) and 61.5–83.1% (2015). AOX varied in concentration from 1.7 to 55.0 mg kg^?1 (2014) and 11.0 to 53.0 mg kg^?1 (2015). The long-term irrigation of wastewater to wetland systems caused the accumulations of heavy metals, TX, and AOX in the soil and the levels of accumulations were related to several factors including soil properties, wastewater quality, and irrigation time.     

Evaluation of heavy metal availability prior to an <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> soil phytoremediation program

Metal mobility and the fractionation of elements and thus the biological uptake of Zn, Pb and Cd by plants were investigated using a simplified analytical procedure for soluble and bioavailable metals using a four-step sequential extraction procedure. Results showed that there was a low proportion of immediately soluble metals, as well as a high proportion of metals that could be released and would so be available for plant uptake. In the sequential extraction procedure, considering the total partition, there was a large proportion of Pb, Cd and Zn extracted in a readily mobile form. In acidic soils the content of metals in ready mobile form (exchangeable-bound to carbonates as well as to Fe and Mn oxides) and bound to organic matter constitutes an important source of potentially available elements. The same pattern was observed in alkaline soils, where almost 80% of the metals could be remobilized and be potentially available to plants. Knowing the metal partitioning and mobility of heavy metals it is very important for evaluating the phytoremediation efficiency.     

Comparison of heavy metal phytoremediation in monoculture and intercropping systems of Phyllostachys praecox and Sedum plumbizincicola in polluted soil

A bamboo species (Phyllostachys praecox) and a Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator (Sedum plumbizincicola) were tested under different planting systems to compare their heavy metal phytoremediation ability. P. praecox (MP), S. plumbizincicola (MS) and P. praecox × S. plumbizincicola (IPS) plantations were established in Cu, Zn, and Cd-contaminated soil. Soil properties and heavy metal contents in plants were determined and compared after four years of plantation establishment. The rankings of available and total metal contents in soil layers were MP > MS > IPS (0–20 cm) and MP > IPS > MS (20–40 cm, except for Cu), respectively. The Cu and Zn contents in mature bamboo tissues were significantly lower, but the Cd contents in bamboo tissues (except for leaves) higher, in the IPS than in the MP. The bioconcentration and the translocation factors in most of bamboo tissues showed an increasing trend from the MP to the IPS. Heavy metal distribution in plants is greatly affected by the planting patterns. The tested intercropping system of two plant species showed higher biomass productivity, implying more heavy metals can be removed from the soil through the harvesting of plants. Therefore, the IPS leads to significant improvement of soil phytoremediation.     

重金属污染土壤植物修复中细胞分裂素的作用与机制

植物修复因投资成本低、环境扰动少、二次污染易控制、美化环境等优点成为重金属污染土壤修复重要的治理技术。植物内源细胞分裂素调控植物生理活动,外源细胞分裂素对植物生理生态特征产生显著影响,且在植物修复中逐渐受到研究人员的关注。细胞分裂素能够调控植物根茎发育、叶片衰老、激素传递等过程,同时在重金属胁迫下也参与蒸腾、光合、抗性、解毒等系统的运转。以细胞分裂素对植物生理活动的调控作用研究为基础,阐述了细胞分裂素在植物修复中的作用机制。主要包括：增强光合作用,延缓叶片衰老,提升植物抗性能力;调控根茎叶发育,增加植物生物量,强化植物富集效果;增强转运蛋白表达,提高叶面蒸腾作用,促进重金属吸收转运;参与解毒过程,降低重金属毒性,调控重金属体内转化。最后提出了细胞分裂素在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的研究方向,这对促进细胞分裂素在植物修复中的实际应用具有重要意义。     

Decontamination of soil containing oil by natural attenuation,phytoremediation and chemical desorption

Abstract

An experiment was performed for 240 days to evaluate the oil removal through natural attenuation (NA) and phytoremediation (PH) combined with surfactant (SF), in soil up to 76,585?mg kg^?1 of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). A completely randomized design was applied using a 4?×?6 factorial arrangement, with four concentrations of oil and six recovery technologies. The technologies were combinations of Leersia hexandra (Lh) grass, NA (native microorganisms), and doses of Tween^® 80. The results recorded treatment means with statistical differences (Tukey, p?≤?0.05 and 0.01). Oil in presence of 5% SF stimulated the formation of grass roots. The SF promoted a significant increase in the biomass of grass stems and leaves but did not contribute to oil removal or microbial density. Unexpectedly, the PH inhibited the removal of oil and induced a decrease in fungi, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, and heterotrophic fungi. NA combined with 2.5% SF removed 95% of 48,748?mg of TPH. The best technology for soil decontamination was bioremediation through hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria stimulated with 2.5% SF.     

Effects of organic amendments on Cd, Zn and Cu bioavailability in soil with repeated phytoremediation by Sedum plumbizincicola

Organic materials with different functional groups can be used to enhance metal bioavailability. Traditional organic materials (rice straw and clover) and ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) were applied to enhance metal uptake from polluted soil by Sedum plumbizincicola after repeated phytoextraction. Changes in pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and metal concentrations were determined in the soil solution after EDDS application. Amendment of the soil with ground rice straw or ground clove resulted in higher concentrations of Cd only (by factors of 1.92 and 1.71 respectively) in S. plumbizincicola compared to control soil. Treatment with 3 mmol kg(-1) EDDS increased all the metals studied by factors of 60.4, 1.67, and 0.27 for Cu, Cd, and Zn, respectively. EDDS significantly increased soil solution DOC and pH and increased soil plant-available metals above the amounts that the plants could take up, resulting in high soil concentrations of soluble metals and high risk of ground water contamination. After repeated phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils the efficiency of metal removal declines as the concentrations of bioavailable metal fractions decline. Traditional organic materials can therefore be much more effective and environmentally friendly amendments than EDDS in enhancing phytoremediation efficiency of Cd contaminated soil     

火烧对马尾松林土壤酶活性和有机碳组分的影响

土壤酶参与土壤有机质矿化过程,林火能通过改变土壤中微生物的群落结构等来改变土壤酶的活性,进而影响土壤有机碳的动态过程。土壤有机碳库是陆地碳库的重要组成部分,火烧会使土壤有机碳组分发生变化,研究火烧后土壤有机碳组分的变化对于土壤有机碳库的管理具有重要意义。以我国中亚热带典型马尾松人工林火烧迹地为研究对象,通过对比研究,探讨了火烧对土壤酶活性和土壤有机碳组分的影响以及两者之间的关系。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,火烧后一年0—10 cm土层土壤p H值明显升高(P0.05),土壤总碳含量显著降低(P0.05),土壤全氮含量平均降低17.5%(P0.05)。0—10 cm土层和10—20 cm土层土壤含水量均显著低于对照(P0.05)。(2)相比对照,土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性在0—10 cm土层显著降低(P0.05),土壤酚氧化物酶活性和过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P0.05)。(3)火烧后一年0—10 cm土层土壤微生物量碳、土壤颗粒性有机碳、土壤易氧化碳含量比对照分别降低26.4%、30.9%和2.69%,但无显著差异,土壤溶解性有机碳含量则显著降低(P0.05);两个土层土壤不稳定有机碳含量和粘粒有机碳含量变化不显著。     

Effect of tannery sludge amendments on the activity of soil enzymes and phytoremediation potential of two economically important cultivars of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens)

A field experiment was conducted to observe the effect of TS amendments on soil enzymes and phytoremediation potential of two economically important cultivars of geranium. Different doses of TS were applied in soil to examine threshold limit of HMs where geranium cultivars can be grown successfully in contaminated sites. Treatment variation significantly affected pH, EC, OC, N, P, K and HM content in soil after 50 days of incubation. After harvest, both cultivars were examined to assess the impact of various treatments on their fresh herb, dry matter, essential oil yield and HM accumulation. C/G ratio close to 1 was observed at 50 tha^?1 sludge treatment in both cultivars. Urease and β-glucosidase activities in soil were maximum at 50 tha^?1 whereas dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities were maximum at 100 tha^?1 in both cultivars. β-glucosidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase activities were relatively high after 85 days over 45 days in both cultivars. Maximum metal uptake was found in roots of cv. Bourbon followed by leaves. Geranium was observed to be a good candidate for phytoremediation as it mitigates metal toxicity by root absorption and cv. Bourbon is better candidate for the same.     

重金属超富集植物及植物修复技术研究进展

植物修复技术（Phytoremediation)是近年来发展起来的一种主要用于清除土壤重金属污染的绿色生态技术,重金属超富集植物（hyperaccumulator)及植物修复技术是当前学术界研究的热点领域,目前虽已有Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn等超富集植物发现的报道,但尚无一例报道来自于中国,中国具有广袤的国土面积、丰富的植物类型和多种（处）古老的矿山开采与冶炼场所,在中国开展超富集植物的寻找,研究与开发工作,将会有重要突破,并具有重要的理论与实践意义,本文拟就国内外在这一领域的研究进展作一简要综述。     

藏东南森林土壤微生物群落结构与土壤酶活性随海拔梯度的变化

【目的】针对青藏高原藏东南地区色季拉山不同海拔森林土壤,探讨微生物群落与土壤酶活性之间的联系以及受控因子。【方法】利用微生物细胞膜磷脂(PLFA)方法研究土壤微生物群落结构随海拔变化情况,分析土壤葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶、蛋白酶、L-天冬酰胺酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性以及土壤理化性质随海拔的变化趋势。【结果】土壤理化性质和生化指标随海拔增高没有显著变化,如水分含量、有机碳、全氮、碳氮比、pH、无机氮和硝态氮,土壤葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶、蛋白酶、L-天冬酰胺酶和酸性磷酸酶活性等;然而,微生物丰度呈现中峰优势分布规律,细菌、真菌、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和放线菌含量在海拔3 900 m和4 000 m处生物量显著高于低海拔和更高海拔。皮尔森相关性分析表明土壤pH是影响微生物群落结构的主要因子,但海拔梯度上的温度变化与微生物群落结构和酶活性不存在显著相关性;同时,有机碳、全氮、水溶性有机碳和水溶性有机氮和pH等理化指标与土壤酶活性显著相关。【结论】在藏东南色季拉山森林生态系统,海拔梯度对土壤微生物群落结构影响较大,土壤理化指标与生物特征对海拔梯度的响应较弱。     

AMF和PGPR联合修复菲和芘污染土壤的效应

丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF）与根围促生细菌（plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR）联合降解有毒有机物、修复污染土壤和促进植物生长的作用倍受关注。本试验旨在探究AMF与PGPR联合降解土壤中菲和芘的效应,以菲和芘1:1混合处理浓度各0、50mg/kg、100mg/kg和150mg/kg下对高羊茅Festuca elata接种AMF根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices（Ri）、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme（Gv）、PGPR荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens Ps2-6、芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis Ps3-2、Ri+Ps2-6、Ri+Ps3-2、Gv+Ps2-6、Gv+Ps3-2和不接种对照共36个处理。结果表明,供试AMF增加了PGPR的定殖数量;接种PGPR则显著提高AMF的侵染率。AMF、PGPR或AMF+PGPR处理均显著降低土壤中菲和芘含量,促进植物对土壤中菲和芘的吸收,显著提高高羊茅根系和叶片内的菲和芘含量。在土壤中菲和芘100mg/kg和150mg/kg水平下,Gv与Ps2-6及Ri与Ps2-6能相互促进对土壤中菲和芘的去除效应,其中接种Gv+Ps2-6组合处理的去除率最高,达到95%-98%,土壤中多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于单接种处理和不接种对照,而酸性磷酸酶活性变化则表现为相反趋势。其中以Gv+Ps2-6组合处理的多酚氧化酶活性最高,为0.17mg/g,是不接种对照的1.9倍;脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别达到1.32µg/(g·h)和1.81mL/g;酸性磷酸酶活性则比不接种对照土壤降低27%-45%;易提取球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量和总球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量分别是不接种对照的1.6倍和1.5倍。     

Coupling of bioaugmentation and phytoremediation to improve PCBs removal from a transformer oil-contaminated soil

This study was carried out to assess the dissipation of 17 selected polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB_i) congeners in a transformer oil-contaminated soil using bioaugmentation with 2 PCB-degrading bacterial strains, i.e., Pseudomonas spp. S5 and Alcaligenes faecalis, assisted or not by the maize (Zea mays L.) plantation. After 5 and 10 weeks of treatment, the remaining concentrations of the target PCB_i congeners in the soil were extracted and measured using GC-MS. Results showed that the bacterial augmentation treatments with Pseudomonas spp. S5 and A. faecalis led to 21.4% and 20.4% reduction in the total concentration of the target PCBs (ΣPCB_i), respectively, compared to non-bioaugmented unplanted control soil. The ΣPCB_i decreased by 35.8% in the non-bioaugmented planted soil compared with the control. The greatest degradation of the PCB congeners was observed over a 10-week period in the soil inoculated with Pseudomonas spp. S5 and cultivated with maize. Under this treatment, the ΣPCB_i decreased from 357 to 119 ng g^?1 (66.7% lower) and from 1091 to 520 ng g^?1 (52.3% lower). Overall, the results suggested that the combined application of phytoremediation and bioaugmentation was an effective technique to remove PCBs and remediate transformer oil-contaminated soils.     

Assessment of heavy metal contamination of rice grains (Oryza sativa) and soil from Ada field,Enugu, Nigeria: Estimating the human healtrisk

The concentrations of heavy metals in rice grains and soils from Ada cultivated fields were investigated. Rice and soil samples were digested and the heavy metal concentrations determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed the following concentrations of metals (mg/kg): soil—Pb (4.64 ± 2.18), Cd (0.83 ± 0.83), Zn (20.26 ± 18.60), Mn (68.90 ± 19.91), Ni (3.46 ± 2.42), and Cr (21.41 ± 14.6); rice—Pb (3.99 ± 1.43), Cd (1.10 ± 0.53), Zn (65.37 ± 58.09), Mn (37.81 ± 5.82), Ni (3.12 ± 1.49), and Cr (10.87 ± 6.47). The Canadian, Nigerian and Chinese maximum allowable concentration for cadmium in soil were exceeded by 15%, 30%, and 85% of the soil samples, respectively. Heavy metals in all the rice samples evaluated were found to be above the World Health Organization (WHO) maximum permissible limit for lead, cadmium, and chromium. Strong positive and significant correlations were observed between some metal pairs in soil and rice indicating the similarity in origin. The estimated daily intakes of Pb and Cd from rice grown on the fields were higher than the safety levels established by WHO and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee Food Additive, respectively. Hazard quotients and total hazard index for Pb and Cd were greater than 1. This indicates that consumption of rice from these fields will likely induce adverse health effects arising largely from Pb and Cd exposure.     

The effect of liming on quantity and chemical composition of soil organic matter in a pine forest in Berlin,Germany

The study was carried out in a 40-yr old pine plantation on a Cambic Arenosol within the urban area of Berlin. Lime application (6.1 t ha^-1) has led to a pH increase in the forest floor from 3.3 to 5.5 within one year and to a strong stimulation of macrofaunal and microbiological activity. Three years after liming, the C:N ratio of the forest floor decreased from 28 to 25 and P, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd concentrations in organic matter increased significantly. The organic C pool of the forest floor was almost 7 t ha^-1 lower in the limed plot which is attributed to increased microbial respiration. In the mineral soil too, C-pools are lower in the limed plot, amounting to 13.2 t ha^-1 or 14% less than in the control. C:N ratios have narrowed significantly from 27–29 to 23 in 10–30 cm depth. The humic acid fraction is lower throughout the limed profile while the percentage of fulvic acids has increased significantly below 10 cm. The results point to severe losses of organic matter and to profound changes in its composition. This may be of consequences for site quality and leaching processes.     

鸡粪有机肥对设施菜地土壤重金属和微生物群落结构的影响

通过田间试验,研究在设施菜地上施用不同剂量的鸡粪有机肥对土壤-植物系统中重金属的累积、重金属有效性和土壤微生物群落结构的影响,进一步探讨土壤微生物群落结构与土壤重金属之间的相关关系。结果表明,与对照相比,施用有机肥可提高小白菜地上部生物量,其中施肥量为60 t/hm²时值最大,增幅为59.92%;小白菜地上部Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和As含量均大幅增加,但Pb含量无明显变化。土壤重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和As的全量均随鸡粪有机肥施加量的增加而增大,最高增幅分别为21.30%、21.58%、17.40%、19.40%和17.43%,出现明显的累积现象;施用有机肥均增加了土壤Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和As的有效态含量,而Pb的全量和有效态含量无显著变化;除重金属Pb外,不同重金属元素全量与有效态含量均显著正相关,其中元素Zn的全量与有效态含量相关性最强。磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析结果表明,土壤中含量较高的PLFA为16：0、18：1ω7c、10Me16：0和18：1ω9c,土壤微生物总PLFA和各类群PLFA含量均呈现M0.5 > M1 > CK > M2 > M4;相关性分析结果表明,土壤Cu、As全量和Cd、Cr、Cu、As有效态含量与微生物总PLFA和各类群PLFA含量均呈现显著负相关关系,其中有效态Cr和Cu含量对微生物群落结构的影响最为显著。     

有机肥替代部分化肥对长期连作棉田产量、土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响

施用有机物是作物增产、增加土壤有机质和改善土壤生物学性状的有效措施。在大田滴灌条件下,采用土壤酶学和微生物平板培养方法,研究了常规施肥(CF)减量20%—40%,配施3000、6000 kg/hm2有机类肥料对棉花产量、土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:降低CF用量20%—40%情况下,滴灌棉田配施3000、6000 kg/hm2的有机类肥料可获得与CF处理相持平的产量(4945—4978 kg/hm2),有机肥和生物有机肥配施处理间的棉花产量差异不显著(P0.05)。细菌、放线菌和假单胞杆菌数量均随有机肥用量的增加而升高,不同类有机肥配施间表现为OF+BFBFOF;真菌数量则随有机肥施量升高而降低,其中OF+BF配施处理最为显著。有机无机肥配施显著提高了土壤酶活性,80%CF和60%CF与有机肥配施处理土壤碱性磷酸酶、荧光素二乙酸酯酶(FDA)、β-葡萄糖苷酶和脱氢酶的活性比CF处理分别升高了3.8%、17%、18%、55%和10.1%、19%、20%、60%,不同类型有机肥对土壤酶活性影响差异不显著。土壤细菌/真菌比、土壤放线菌/真菌和假单胞杆菌/真菌比均随有机肥施量的增加而升高,施用化肥或有机肥均显著降低了假单胞杆菌/细菌比。细菌、放线菌和假单胞杆菌数量与土壤脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酯酶和荧光素二乙酸酯酶活性均呈显著或极显著正相关,真菌数量与4种酶活性呈负相关。CF减量20%—40%配施以3000、6000 kg/hm2有机肥不仅不会导致棉花减产,而且对提高土壤酶活性、调节土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌群落组成结构,改善北疆绿洲滴灌棉田土壤生物学性状有显著作用。