微生物脂肪酶稳定性研究进展

脂肪酶广泛应用于食品、药物、生物燃料、诊断、生物修复、化学品、化妆品、清洁剂、饲料、皮革和生物传感器等工业领域,微生物脂肪酶是商品化脂肪酶的重要来源.高温、酸性、碱性和有机溶剂等恶劣的工业生产环境使得脂肪酶的进一步工业应用受到限制,获取稳定性好的脂肪酶成为打破这一限制的关键环节.本文重点对提高微生物脂肪酶稳定性的策略进...     

微生物脂肪酶分子改造研究进展

有关脂肪酶分子改造的蛋白质工程研究 ,越来越引起研究人员的兴趣[1 - 4] 。在过去的短短几年中 ,关于如何定向改造蛋白质特定性状的研究有了一些明显的进展。1　脂肪酶简介脂肪酶被广泛用于催化三脂酰甘油酯及其他一些水不溶性酯类的水解、醇解、酯化、转酯化以及酯类逆向合成反应[5] 。它们是一类具有多种催化能力的酶 ,经常还能表现出磷脂酶、溶血磷脂酶、胆固醇酯酶、酰胺水解酶等其他一些酶的活性。目前 ,已有越来越多的各种微生物来源的脂肪酶被应用于洗涤剂、油脂与食品加工、有机合成、表面清洗、皮革与造纸工业等生产实践。虽然各…     

新型微生物脂肪酶资源开发

微生物脂肪酶是一类重要的工业生物催化剂, 广泛应用于工农业生产的诸多领域。筛选、挖掘和开发出具有新型催化活性或高稳定性的微生物脂肪酶一直是脂肪酶研究的重点。本文从极端微生物、宏基因组技术、基因组数据库挖掘、定向进化技术、固定化技术和化学修饰技术等方面介绍了当前新型脂肪酶开发的途径和方法。     

饲用植酸酶蛋白质工程研究进展*

植酸酶作为一种单胃动物的饲料添加剂,它的推广和应用受到酶性质的局限。本在植酸酶改性策略,以及提高饲用植酸酶的表达量,改善热稳定性,提高催化效率,改良最适pH等方面介绍了植酸酶蛋白质工程方面的研究进展。     

蛋白质工程

<正> 随着科学技术的迅猛发展,人类对不同层次(分子、亚细胞、细胞、组织、器官乃至生命体本身)的生命过程的控制和利用已成为可能。作为生物功能的基本物质的蛋白质,由于其本身的多样性而为其多种应用提供了巨大潜能,人们一直在期待着对蛋白质功能的某种添加与除去的最终自主控制,并希望制造出比天然蛋白质性能更为优越的新     

微生物脂肪酶及其应用

自然界中有许多微生物能利用天然油脂和脂肪作为自身生长的碳源,这是由于脂肪酶作用使其分解成能被直接利用的小分子物质,脂肪酶（Ec．3．1．1．3）[1]分解脂肪,催化分解三酸甘油脂,产生脂肪酸、甘油脂和甘油。它们的催化反应如图1。脂肪酸在生物体起有相当重要的生理诈用,脂肪酶的分解产物除供给生物能量外,还是合成磷脂等物质的材料,脂肪酸在动植物组织及多种微生物中普遍存在,其性质多年前就被确定了。早在六十年代我国就开展微生物脂肪酸研究。1969年研制成解脂假丝酵母脂肪酸制剂。但同淀粉酶、蛋白酶相比脂肪酸的工业应用还…     

微生物脂肪酶的研究进展

详细综述了脂态酶微生物产生菌的选育、诱变育种及发酵生产技术,对微生物脂肪酶的性质、分离、纯化、固定化技术及应用进行了简要概述     

蛋白质工程

蛋白质工程张海银（广州市中华英豪学校５１０９６０）叶言山（安徽省庐江矾矿中学２３１５００）蛋白质工程（Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ）是在重组ＤＮＡ方法用于“操纵”蛋白质结构之后发展起来的分子生物学分支。它是以蛋白质分子的结构及其功能为基础,通...     

Customizing lipases for biocatalysis: a survey of chemical, physical and molecular biological approaches

Lipases (triacylglycerol ester hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of fats and oils with subsequent release of free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, monoglycerols and glycerol. Besides this, they are also efficient in various reactions such as esterification, transesterification and aminolysis in organic solvents. Therefore, those enzymes are nowadays extensively studied for their potential industrial applications. Examples in the literature are numerous concerning their use in different fields such as resolution of racemic mixtures, synthesis of new surfactants and pharmaceuticals, oils and fats bioconversion and detergency applications. However, the drawbacks of the extensive use of lipases (and biocatalysts in general) compared to classical chemical catalysts can be found in the relatively low stability of enzyme in their native state as well as their prohibitive cost. Consequently, there is a great interest in methods trying to develop competitive biocatalysts for industrial applications by improvement of their catalytic properties such as activity, stability (pH or temperature range) or recycling capacity. Such improvement can be carried out by chemical, physical or genetical modifications of the native enzyme. The present review will survey the different procedures that have been developed to enhance the properties of lipases. It will first focus on the physical modifications of the biocatalysts by adsorption on a carrier material, entrapment or microencapsulation. Chemical modifications and methods such as modification of amino acids residues, covalent coupling to a water-insoluble material, or formation of cross-linked lipase matrix, will also be reviewed. Finally, new and promising methods of lipases modifications by genetic engineering will be discussed.     

Equilibrium and kinetic studies of protein cooperativity using urea-induced folding/unfolding of a Ubq-UIM fusion protein

Understanding the origins of cooperativity in proteins remains an important topic in protein folding. This study describes experimental folding/unfolding equilibrium and kinetic studies of the engineered protein Ubq-UIM, consisting of ubiquitin (Ubq) fused to the sequence of the ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM) via a short linker. Urea-induced folding/unfolding profiles of Ubq-UIM were monitored by far-UV circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies and compared to those of the isolated Ubq domain. It was found that the equilibrium data for Ubq-UIM is inconsistent with a two-state model. Analysis of the kinetics of folding shows similarity in the folding transition state ensemble between Ubq and Ubq-UIM, suggesting that formation of Ubq domain is independent of UIM. The major contribution to the stabilization of Ubq-UIM, relative to Ubq, was found to be in the rates of unfolding. Moreover, it was found that the kinetic m-values for Ubq-UIM unfolding, monitored by different probes (far-UV circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies), are different; thereby, further supporting deviations from a two-state behavior. A thermodynamic linkage model that involves four states was found to be applicable to the urea-induced unfolding of Ubq-UIM, which is in agreement with the previous temperature-induced unfolding study. The applicability of the model was further supported by site-directed variants of Ubq-UIM that have altered stabilities of Ubq/UIM interface and/or stabilities of individual Ubq- and UIM-domains. All variants show increased cooperativity and one variant, E43N_Ubq-UIM, appears to behave very close to an equilibrium two-state.     

蛋白内含子与蛋白剪接

蛋白内含子和蛋白剪接是蛋白质研究的前沿领域。重点介绍了蛋白内含子的结构和蛋白剪接机理的最新研究成果 ;蛋白内含子如同RNA剪接中的内含子 ,也是一类可移动的遗传元件 ;蛋白内含子目前研究的热点是蛋白内含子的功能研究及其在蛋白质工程和其它生物工程领域的用。     

酶的分子设计、改造与工程应用

酶工程的研究已经发展到分子水平 ,在体外通过基因工程、化学、物理等手段改造酶分子结构与功能 ,大幅提高了酶分子的进化效率和催化效率 ,生产有价值的非天然酶。对酶工程学若干“热点”和前沿课题的研究、应用进行了概述 ,分析了国际上酶工程研究及应用技术、手段、方法 ,包括体外分子进化、核酶和抗体酶的设计、酶分子的定向固定化技术、酶蛋白分子的化学修饰、融合酶、人工合成及模拟酶等技术 ,并展望了酶工程的技术进步和应用的新进展。     

bPE toolkit: toolkit for computational protein engineering

We present a computational toolkit consisting of five utility tools, for performing basic operations on a protein structure file in PDB format. The toolkit consists of five different programs which can be integrated as part of a pipeline for computational protein structure characterization or as a standalone analysis package. The programs include tools for chirality check for amino acids (ProChiral), contact map generation (CoMa), data redundancy (DaRe), hydrogen bond potential energy (HyPE) and electrostatic interaction energy (EsInE). All programs in the toolkit can be accessed and downloaded through the following link: http://www.iitg.ac.in/bpetoolkit/.     

Preparation of new lipases derivatives with high activity–stability in anhydrous media: adsorption on hydrophobic supports plus hydrophilization with polyethylenimine

A novel method to prepare immobilized lipases derivatives is hereby proposed. Lipases are firstly adsorbed on supports having large internal surfaces covered by hydrophobic groups (e.g. polyacrylic resins covered by C18 moieties). Then, immobilized lipases are incubated in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) at a pH value over the isoelectric point of the enzyme in order to cover the lipase surface with this polymer. In this way, we try to minimize all possible direct interactions between immobilized lipase and organic solvents when using these derivatives in anhydrous media.

Lipases from Rhizomucor miehie (RML) and Candida rugosa (CRL) were immobilized according to the proposed protocol. These derivatives were very active and very stable when catalyzing esterifications and transesterifications in anhydrous media. For example, RML derivatives exhibited a very high synthetic activity (more than 1000 Units/g immobilized biocatalyst) even when catalyzing the esterification of lauric acid with octanol at water activity values very close to zero. On the contrary, covalently immobilized derivatives exhibited a much lower synthetic activity under similar conditions (less than 10 Units/g of immobilized biocatalyst). Moreover, these new RML derivatives preserve 100% activity after incubation for 3 days in anhydrous butanone in the presence of molecular sieves. Under the same conditions, commercial immobilized RML lost more than 90% of activity in less than 10 min.     

Rational design of a more stable penicillin G acylase against organic cosolvent

We have used a simple and efficient approach by combining the known functional and structural properties of penicillin G acylase (PGA) from E. coli, and tried to mutate PGA of Bacillus megaterium with the goal of increasing the stability of the enzyme in organic solvents or at acidic pH. The PGA mutants Kβ427A, Kβ430A and Kβ427A/Kβ430A obtained have higher stability in DMF than the wild-type PGA.     

人α1型干扰素突变体(IFN-α1/86D)的组建及其生物学活性的研究

本文采用核苷酸指导下的定位突变方法,以Asp置换了人α型干扰素86位的Cys,构建成突变体IFN-αI(86D)。后者在大肠杆菌中的表达水平比其母株(IFN-αI/86C)提高了2.8倍,IFN-αI(86D)在4℃的稳定性也较母株为高。