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Cohen J 《Biologist (London, England)》2002,49(4):188
Yes of course it is, you reply, and so do I. But, are we in a minority in recognizing that the life sciences can be hard science? 相似文献
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I Fry 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences》2012,43(3):665-673
This paper challenges the claim that science is metaphysically neutral upheld by contenders of the separation of peacefully co-existent science and religion and by evolutionary theists. True, naturalistic metaphysical claims can neither be refuted nor proved and are thus distinct from empirical hypotheses. However, metaphysical assumptions not only regulate the theoretical and empirical study of nature, but are increasingly supported by the growing empirical body of science. This historically evolving interaction has contributed to the development of a naturalistic worldview that renounces the necessity of a transcendent god and of purposeful design. The thesis presented here differs not only from the claims of the "separatists" and of evolutionary theists. In pointing to the metaphysical aspects of science, I also criticize the failure of some evolutionary naturalists to distinguish between empirical and metaphysical contentions. Most important, based on the examination of science suggested here, creationists' false accusation that science is only a naturalistic dogma is refuted. Finally, the difficulties involved in the position endorsed here for the public support of evolution are acknowledged, taking into account the high religious profile of the American society and the social and political context in the US and in other countries. 相似文献
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Kareiva P 《Trends in ecology & evolution》2001,16(5):226-227
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John Sheail 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2000,9(8):1099-1113
There is no lack of pretext for reviewing historically how ecologists have striven to gain the respect of scholars in their own and other fields, and to demonstrate the wider public-utility of their science. If self-serving, in terms of securing the scope and resources required to advance their studies in ecology, such activities have also been encouraged, and indeed commissioned, in the belief that a greater awareness and understanding of the natural world is essential for human wellbeing. Illustrative material is drawn from the British experience. 相似文献
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Cao L 《Current opinion in chemical biology》2005,9(2):217-226
Enzyme immobilisation is experiencing an important transition. Combinatorial approaches are increasingly applied in the design of robust immobilised enzymes by rational combination of fundamental immobilisation techniques (i.e. non-covalent adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment and encapsulation) or with other relevant technologies. The objective is to solve specific problems that cannot be solved by one of these basic immobilisation techniques. 相似文献
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