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1.
Chloroplasts from CAM-Mesembryanthemum crystallinum can transport phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) across the envelope. The initial velocities of PEP uptake in the dark at 4°C exhibited saturation kinetics with increasing external PEP concentration. PEP uptake had a Vmax of 6.46 (±0.05) micromoles per milligram chlorophyll per hour and an apparent Kmpep of 0.148 (±0.004) millimolar. The uptake was competitively inhibited by Pi (apparent Ki = 0.19 millimolar), by glycerate 3-phosphate (apparent Ki = 0.13 millimolar), and by dihydroxyacetone phosphate, but malate and pyruvate were without effect. The chloroplasts were able to synthesize PEP when presented with pyruvate. PEP synthesis was light dependent. The prolonged synthesis and export of PEP from the chloroplasts required the presence of Pi or glycerate 3-phosphate in the external medium. It is suggested that the transport of pyruvate and PEP across the chloroplasts envelope is required during the gluconeogenic conversion of carbon from malate to storage carbohydrate in the light.  相似文献   

2.
A phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) phosphatase was purified to homogeneity from germinating mung beans (Vigna radiata). It was found to be a tetrameric protein (molecular mass 240,000 daltons) made up of apparently identical subunits (subunit molecular mass 60,000 daltons). It was free from bound nucleotides. It did not show pyruvate kinase activity. The enzyme showed high specificity for PEP. Pyrophosphate and some esters (nucleoside di- and triphosphates) were hydrolyzed slowly and phosphoric acid monoesters were not hydrolyzed. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8.5. At this pH, the Km of PEP was 0.14 millimolar and the Vmax was equal to 1.05 micromoles pyruvate formed per minute per milligram enzyme protein. Dialysis of the enzyme against 10 millimolar triethanolamine buffer (pH 6.5), led to loss of the catalytic activity, which was restored on addition of Mg2+ ions (Km = 0.12 millimolar). Other divalent metal ions inhibited the Mg2+ -activated enzyme. PEP-phosphatase was inhibited by ATP and several other metabolites.  相似文献   

3.
A significant lag phase was observed in the accumulation of product for the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) purified from mature maize kernels. The effects of pH, pyruvate, potassium chloride, PDC concentration, and Mg2+-thiamine pyrophosphate upon this lag and upon the observed cooperativity were investigated. PDC preincubated with Mg2+-thiamine pyrophosphate for six days had Michaelis-Menten kinetics, a Hill number of 1, and no apparent lag phase. The degree of saturation of PDC with Mg2+-thiamine pyrophosphate appears to have a central role in controlling the lag phase and the degree of cooperativity.  相似文献   

4.
Sugar Efflux from Maize (Zea mays L.) Pedicel Tissue   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
Sugar release from the pedicel tissue of maize (Zea mays L.) kernels was studied by removing the distal portion of the kernel and the lower endosperm, followed by replacement of the endosperm with an agar solute trap. Sugars were unloaded into the apoplast of the pedicel and accumulated in the agar trap while the ear remained attached to the maize plant. The kinetics of 14C-assimilate movement into treated versus intact kernels were comparable. The rate of unloading declined with time, but sugar efflux from the pedicel continued for at least 6 hours and in most experiments the unloading rates approximated those necessary to support normal kernel growth rates. The unloading process was challenged with a variety of buffers, inhibitors, and solutes in order to characterize sugar unloading from this tissue.

Unloading was not affected by apoplastic pH or a variety of metabolic inhibitors. Although p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid (PCMBS), a nonpenetrating sulfhydryl group reagent, did not affect sugar unloading, it effectively inhibited extracellular acid invertase. When the pedicel cups were pretreated with PCMBS, at least 60% of sugars unloaded from the pedicel could be identified as sucrose. Unloading was inhibited up to 70% by 10 millimolar CaCl2. Unloading was stimulated by 15 millimolar ethyleneglycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid which partially reversed the inhibitory effects of Ca2+. Based on these results, we suggest that passive efflux of sucrose occurs from the maize pedicel symplast followed by extracellular hydrolysis to hexoses.

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5.
The grass-specific herbicide haloxyfop, ((±)-2-[4-((3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy)-phenoxy] propionic acid) has been shown to inhibit lipid synthesis and respiration, to cause the accumulation of amino acids, and not to affect cellular sugar or ATP levels. Thus studies were carried out with enzyme activities from corn (Zea mays L.) (haloxyfop sensitive) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) (haloxyfop tolerant) to locate the possible inhibition sites among the glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes. Following along the oxidative metabolism pathway of sugars, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) was the first enzyme among the glycolytic enzymes that demonstrated noticeable inhibition by 1 millimolar haloxyfop. Kinetic studies with corn and soybean PDC from both purified etioplasts and mitochondria gave Ki values of from 1 to 10 millimolar. Haloxyfop also inhibited the activity of the TCA cycle enzyme, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDC) which carries out the same reaction as PDC except for the substitution of α-ketoglutarate for pyruvate as one of the substrates. The Ki values were somewhat lower in this case (near 1 millimolar). The relatively high Ki values for both enzyme complexes would indicate that these may not be the herbicidal sites of inhibition, but it is possible that the herbicide could be concentrated in compartments and/or the substrate concentrations may be well below optimal. Likewise little difference was seen in the haloxyfop inhibition of the enzyme activities from the sensitive species, corn, and from the tolerant species, soybean, so the selectivity of the herbicide is not evident from these results. The inhibition of the PDC and α-KGDC as the mode of action of haloxyfop is, however, consistent with the observed physiological effects of the herbicide, and these are the only enzymic activities so far found to be sensitive to haloxyfop.  相似文献   

6.
Isolation and characterization of dihydrodipicolinate synthase from maize   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (EC 4.2.1.52), the first enzyme specific to lysine biosynthesis in plants, was purified from maize (Zea mays L.) cell suspension cultures and leaves. The subunit molecular weight of maize dihydrodipicolinate synthase was estimated to be 38,000 based on SDS-PAGE. The condensation of l-aspartate semialdehyde and pyruvate by highly purified dihydrodipicolinate synthase exhibited kinetics characteristic of a Ping Pong Bi Bi ordered reaction in which pyruvate binds first to the enzyme. Substrate inhibition evident at higher concentrations of l-aspartate semialdehyde was partially alleviated by increasing concentrations of pyruvate. Pyruvate binding exhibited cooperativity with an apparent number of 2 and 1.86 millimolar concentration required for 50% of maximal activity. The Km for aspartate semialdehyde was estimated to be 0.6 millimolar concentration. Lysine was an allosteric cooperative inhibitor of dihydrodipicolinate synthase with an estimated Hill number of 4 and 23 micromolar concentration required for 50% inhibition. The physical and kinetic data are consistent with a homotetramer model for the native enzyme.  相似文献   

7.
(1) Pyruvate kinase type M2 from rat lung has been purified 840-fold with an overall yield of 20%. The enzyme gave a single band upon SDS-electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing and had a specific activity of 1340 U/mg protein. The homotetramer of Mr = 224 000 and an isoelectric point of pH 5.8 had an amino acid composition closely resembling that of other pyruvate kinase isoenzymes type M2, excepts that of the chicken liver. The enzyme was crystallized. (2) The enzyme has its pH optimum at pH 6.5. The K0.5 value for phosphoenolpyruvate is 0.26 mM (nH = 1.81) which decreases in the presence of 0.2 mM fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 0.056 mM (nH = 1.06). 1 μM fructose 1,6-bisphosphate activates the enzyme at 0.1 mM phosphoenolpyruvate half-maximally. The Km value for ADP at 1 mM phosphoenolpyruvate is 0.4 mM. The Km value for other nucleoside diphosphates increases in the order ADP<GDP<IDP<UDP. (3) No evidence for an interconversion of pyruvate kinase type M2 from rat or chicken lung was found. The enzyme was neither a substrate for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase from rabbit muscle nor for the cAMP-independent protein kinase from chicken liver. Since pyruvate kinase type M2 from chicken liver is inactivated by phosphorylation catalyzed by a cAMP-independent protein kinase (Eigenbrodt, E., Abdel-Fattah Mostafa, M. and Schoner, W. (1977) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 358, 1047–1055) we suggest that the interconvertible form of pyruvate kinase type M2 may represent a separate form of the pyruvate kinase type M2 family.  相似文献   

8.
We purified and partially sequenced a purple (λmax = 556 nanometers) acid phosphatase (APase; EC 3.1.3.2) secreted by soybean (Glycine max) suspension-culture cells. The enzyme is a metalloprotein with a Mn2+ cofactor. This APase appears to be a glycoprotein with a monomer subunit molecular weight of 58,000 and an active dimer molecular weight of approximately 130,000. The protein has an isoelectric point of about 5.0 and a broad pH optimum centered near 5.5. The purified enzyme, assayed with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate, has a specific activity of 512 units per milligram protein and a Km of approximately 0.3 millimolar; phosphate is a competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 0.7 millimolar. This APase is similar to one found in soybean seed meal but dissimilar to that found in soybean seedlings.  相似文献   

9.
An anion-sensitive ATP-dependent H+ transport in microsomal membranes from Zea mays L. coleoptiles was partially characterized using the pH gradient-dependent decrease of unprotonated neutral red. The following criteria strongly suggest a tonoplast origin of the H+ transport observed: strict dependence on Cl; inhibition by SO42− and NO3; insensitivity against vanadate, molybdate, and azide; reversible inhibition by CaCl2 (H+/Ca2+ antiport); inhibition by diethylstilbestrol. The substrate kinetics revealed simple Michaelis Menten kinetics for ATP in the presence of 1 millimolar MgCl2 with a Km value of 0.56 millimolar (0.38 millimolar for MgATP). AMP and c-AMP did not influence H+ transport significantly. However, ADP was a potent competitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.18 millimolar. The same inhibition type was found for membranes prepared from primary roots by the same procedure.  相似文献   

10.
A kinetic study of the rate of pyruvate reduction by goldfish LDH-M4 (the homotetrameric form of lactate dehydrogenase which predominates in skeletal muscle) provided an analysis of the effects of pH and temperature on v (reaction velocity) and estimates of how temperature might affect catalysis in vivo, where the physiological pH regulation imposes a temperature coefficient of ?0.015 to ?0.020 pH unit/ °C. Consistent with published data for other LDHs, (i) V (maximum reaction velocity) was pH insensitive over a physiological pH range, (ii) the Km for pyruvate, KP, was sensitive to both pH and temperature, and (iii) the Km for NADH and the dissociation constant for NADH were both sensitive to temperature, but not to pH. V approximately doubled with each 10 °C (Ea = 11.7 kcal/mol). The effects of pH and temperature on KP were consistent with two enthalpic contributions, an ionization enthalpy (ΔHi°) of 7.2 kcal/mol (probably a histidine imidazole), and an enthalpy (ΔHSO) of 5.8 kcal/mol for the combination of pyruvate with the nonionized (pH ? pK′) LDH-NADH complex. When the pH was varied according to the physiological temperature coefficient, v was more sensitive to temperature than for conditions of constant pH, the usual design of kinetic experiments. This effect was due to the decreased temperature sensitivity of KP caused by partial concellation of the ΔHi° effect by the pH regulation: dpHdT ? dpK′dT. At constant pH, on the other hand, KP increased strongly with temperature and had the effect of offsetting (especially at higher pH values) the large increases in V. It was suggested that the magnitudes of ΔHi° and ΔHSO might have been important in the evolution of LDHs and other enzymes of cold-blooded animals.  相似文献   

11.
Our aim was to determine whether fixation of inorganic carbon (Ci), due to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity, is limited by the availability of Ci in the cytoplasm of maize (Zea mays L.) root tips. Rates of Ci uptake and metabolism were measured during K2SO4 treatment, which stimulates dark Ci fixation. 13Ci uptake was followed by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); 5 millimolar K2SO4 had no significant effect on 13Ci influx. The contribution of respiratory CO2 production to cytoplasmic HCO3 was measured using in vivo 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR of cell extracts; K2SO4 treatment had no effect on respiratory CO2 production. The concentration of cytoplasmic HCO3 was estimated to be approximately 11 millimolar, again with K2SO4 having no significant effect. These experiments allowed us to determine the extent to which extracellularly supplied 14Ci was diluted in the cytoplasm by respiratory CO2 and thereby measure phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase activity in vivo using 14Ci. PEP carboxylase activity in root tips was enhanced approximately 70% over controls within 12 minutes of the addition of 5 millimolar K2SO4. The activity of carbonic anhydrase, which provides PEP carboxylase with Ci, was determined by saturation transfer 13C-NMR to be more than 200 times that of PEP carboxylase in vivo. The regulation of PEP carboxylase in K2SO4-treated roots is discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Pyruvate kinase from spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) leaves consists of two isoforms, separable by blue agarose chromatography. Both isoforms share similar pH profiles and substrate and alternate nucleotide Km values. In addition, both isoforms are inhibited by oxalate and ATP and activated by AMP. The isoforms differ in their response to three key metabolites; citrate, aspartate, and glutamate. The first isoform is similar to previously reported plant pyruvate kinases in its sensitivity to citrate inhibition. The Ki for this inhibition is 1.2 millimolar citrate. The second isoform is not affected by citrate but is regulated by aspartate and glutamate. Aspartate is an activator with a Ka of 0.05 millimolar, and glutamate is an inhibitor with a Ki of 0.68 millimolar. A pyruvate kinase with these properties has not been previously reported. Based on these considerations, we suggest that the activity of the first isoform is regulated by respiratory metabolism. The second isoform, in contrast, may be regulated by the demand for carbon skeletons for use in ammonia assimilation.  相似文献   

13.
Doehlert DC 《Plant physiology》1989,89(4):1042-1048
Four forms of hexose kinase activity from developing maize (Zea mays L.) kernels have been separated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, blue-agarose chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. Two of these hexose kinases utilized d-glucose most effectively and are classified as glucokinases (EC 2.7.1.2). The other two hexose kinases utilized only d-fructose and are classified as fructokinases (EC 2.7.1.4). All hexose kinases analyzed had broad pH optima between 7.5 and 9.5 with optimal activity at pH 8.5. The two glucokinases differed in substrate affinities. One form had low Km values [Km(glucose) = 117 micromolar, Km(ATP) = 66 micromolar] whereas the other form had much higher Km values [Km(glucose) = 750 micromolar, Km(ATP) = 182 micromolar]. Both fructokinases had similar substrate saturation responses. The Km(fructose) was about 130 micromolar and the Km(ATP) was about 700 micromolar. Both exhibited uncompetitive substrate inhibition by fructose [Ki(fructose) = 1.40 to 2.00 millimolar]. ADP inhibited all four hexose kinase activities, whereas sugar phosphates had little effect on their activities. The data suggest that substrate concentrations are an important factor controlling hexose kinase activity in situ.  相似文献   

14.
Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel pedicels, including vascular tissues, pedicel parenchyma, placento-chalazal tissue, and the surrounding pericarp, contained two forms of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), separable by anion exchange chromatography under mildly acidic conditions. The earlier-eluting activity (GSp1), but not the later-eluting activity (GSp2), was chromatographically distinct from the maize leaf and root glutamine synthetases. The level of GSp1 activity changed in a developmentally dependent manner while GSp2 activity was constitutive. GSp1 and GSp2 exhibited distinct ratios of transferase to hydroxylamine-dependent synthetase activities (5 and 23, respectively), which did not change with kernel age. Purified pedicel glutamine synthetases had native relative molecular masses of 340,000, while the subunit relative molecular masses differed slightly at 38,900 and 40,500 for GSp1 and GSp2, respectively. Both GS forms required free Mg2+ with apparent Kms = 2.0 and 0.19 millimolar for GSp1 and GSp2, respectively. GSp1 had an apparent Km for glutamate of 35 millimolar and exhibited substrate inhibition at glutamate concentrations greater than 90 millimolar. In contrast, GSp2 exhibited simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics for glutamate with a Km value of 3.4 millimolar. Both isozymes exhibited positive cooperativity for ammonia, with S0.5 values of 100 and 45 micromolar, respectively. GSp1 appears to be a unique, kernel-specific form of plant glutamine synthetase. Possible functions for the pedicel GS isozymes in kernel nitrogen metabolism are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Conditions for optimal CO2 fixation and malate decarboxylation by isolated bundle sheath chloroplasts from Zea mays were examined. The relative rates of these processes varied according to the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle intermediate provided. Highest rates of malate decarboxylation, measured as pyruvate formation, were seen in the presence of 3-phosphoglycerate, while carbon fixation was highest in the presence of dihydroxyacetone phosphate; only low rates were measured with added ribose-5-phosphate. Chloroplasts exhibited a distinct phosphate requirement and this was optimal at a level of 2 millimolar inorganic phosphate in the presence of 2.5 millimolar 3-phosphoglycerate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, or ribose-5-phosphate. Malate decarboxylation and CO2 fixation were stimulated by additions of AMP, ADP, or ATP with half-maximal stimulation occurring at external adenylate concentrations of about 0.15 millimolar. High concentrations (>1 millimolar) of AMP were inhibitory. Aspartate included in the incubation medium stimulated malate decarboxylation and CO2 assimilation. In the presence of aspartate, the apparent Michaelis constant (malate) for malate decarboxylation to pyruvate by chloroplasts decreased from 6 to 0.67 millimolar while the calculated Vmax for this process increased from 1.3 to 3.3 micromoles per milligram chlorophyll. Aspartate itself was not metabolized. It was concluded that the processes mediating the transport of phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate transport on the one hand, and also of malate might differ from those previously described for chloroplasts from C3 plants.  相似文献   

16.
Using pH-sensitive microelectrodes (in vitro) and acridine orange photometry (in vivo), the actions of the two tonoplast phosphatases, the tp-ATPase and the tp-PPase, were investigated with respect to how effectively they could generate a transtonoplast pH-gradient. Under standard conditions the vacuoles of the aquatic liverwort Riccia fluitans have an in vivo pH of 4.7 to 5.0. In isolated vacuoles a maximal vacuolar pH (pHv) of 4.74 ± 0.1 is generated in the presence of 0.1 millimolar PPi, but only 4.93 ± 0.13 in the presence of 2.5 millimolar ATP. Both substrates added together approximate the value for PPi. Cl-stimulates the H+-transport driven by the tp-ATPase, but has no effect on the tp-PPase. The transport activity of the tp-ATPase approximates saturation kinetics (K½ ≈ 0.5 millimolar), whereas transport by the tp-PPase yields an optimum around 0.1 millimolar PPi. The transtonoplast pH-gradient is dissipated slowly by weak bases, from which a vacuolar buffer capacity of roughly 300 to 400 millimolar/pHv unit has been estimated. From the free energy (−11.42 kilojoules per mole) for the hydrolysis of PPi under the given experimental conditions, we conclude that the PPase-stoichiometry (transported H+ per hydrolyzed substrate molecule) must be 1, and that in vivo this enzyme works as a H+-pump rather than as a pyrophosphate synthetase.  相似文献   

17.
The effect of adenine nucleotides in pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (EC 2.7.9.1, ATP, pyruvate, orthophosphate phosphotransferase)_was studied with the enzyme furified from maize, and with the enzyme obtained from mesophyll chloroplast extracts during assay in the direction of pyruvate conversion to phosphoenolpyruvate. (1) In studies with the purified enzyme, the relationship of initial velocity to ATP concentrations follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the Km value for ATP was 22.8 μM (± 5.1 μM, n = 5). (2) AMP was a competitive inhibitor with respect to ATP, and its Ki value was 35.8 μM (± μM, n = 4). There was no inhibition of catalysis by ADP up to a concentration of 460 μM. (3) The theoretical response of the enzyme to change in the adenylate energy charge was calculated from the kinetic constants for ATP and AMP. The experimentally obtained values were similar to the theoretical response when varying energy charge was generated by addition of appropriate amounts of ATP, ADP and AMP in assays with the purified enzyme. The response of the enzyme to energy charge at different pH values (pH 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0) was similar, although the activity of the enzyme at pH 7.0 was about 40% of that at pH 8.0. (4) When mesophyll chloroplast extracts of maize, which contain high levels of adenylate kinase, were used as the source of the enzyme and the adenylate energy charge was generated by addition of different concentrations of ATP and AMP, the influence on catalysis was similar to that with the purified enzyme. (5) The data show that the effect of varying energy chage on the activity of the dikinase is not typical of a U-type enzyme, in contrast to phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3, ATP: 3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase), which is more strongly regulated. (6) Evidence is presented for competition between the dikinase and phosphoglycerate kinase for ATP in mesophyll chloroplast extracts of maize. (7) When the effect of adenylate energy charge on the state of activation and the direct effect on catalysis of the dikanase are combined, the total capacity for catalysis is very dependent on the energy charge.  相似文献   

18.
Phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase from Brassica nigra leaf petiole suspension cells has been purified 1700-fold to apparent homogeneity and a final specific activity of 380 micromole pyruvate produced per minute per milligram protein. Purification steps included: ammonium sulfate fractionation, S-Sepharose, chelating Sepharose, concanavalin A Sepharose, and Superose 12 chromatography. The native protein was monomeric with a molecular mass of 56 kilodaltons as estimated by analytical gel filtration. The enzyme displayed a broad pH optimum of about pH 5.6 and was relatively heat stable. Western blots of microgram quantities of the final preparation showed no cross-reactivity when probed with rabbit polyclonal antibodies prepared against either castor bean endosperm cytosolic pyruvate kinase, or sorghum leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. The final preparation exhibited a broad substrate selectivity, showing high activity toward p-nitrophenyl phosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, gluconate 6-phosphate, and phosphoenolpyruvate, and moderate activity toward several other organic phosphates. Phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase possessed at least a fivefold and sixfold greater affinity and specificity constant, respectively, for phosphoenolpyruvate (apparent Michaelis constant = 50 micromolar) than for any other nonartificial substrate. The enzyme was activated 1.7-fold by 4 millimolar magnesium, but was strongly inhibited by molybdate, fluoride, zinc, copper, iron, and lead ions, as well as by orthophosphate, ascorbate, glutamate, aspartate, and various organic phosphate compounds. It is postulated that phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase functions to bypass the adenosine diphosphate dependent pyruvate kinase reaction during extended periods of orthophosphate starvation.  相似文献   

19.
Brauer D  Teel MR 《Plant physiology》1982,70(3):723-727
Kinetics of two molecular forms of K-dependent citrate dehydrase in maize (Zea mays L.) are reported. The isozymes, designated CD I and CD II, were found to be compartmented in mitochondria and cytosol, respectively.

CD I exhibited hyperbolic kinetics with respect to both citrate and potassium with Km 2.3 and 12 millimolar, respectively. Maximum velocity was 0.38 micromole of trans-aconitic acid per minute per milligram protein. The pH optimum was 7.2. trans-aconitic synthesis by CD I is regulated by both citrate concentration and pH.

CD II exhibited hyperbolic kinetics with respect to citrate (Km 0.6 millimolar) but sigmoidal kinetics with respect to potassium. trans-aconitic acid synthesis by CD II is regulated by potassium. This may account for the positive correlation between leaf potassium and trans-aconitic acid in certain grasses (Clark 1968 Crop Sci 8: 165).

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20.
Usuda H 《Plant physiology》1987,84(2):549-554
The rate of CO2 assimilation and levels of metabolites of the C4 cycle and reductive pentose phosphate pathway in attached leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) were measured over a range of light intensity from 0 to 1,900 microEinsteins per square meter per second under a saturated CO2 concentration of 350 microliters per liter and a limiting CO2 concentration of 133 microliters per liter. The level of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) stayed almost constant (around 60 nanomoles per milligram chlorophyll [Chl]) from low to high light intensities under 350 microliters per liter. Levels of 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) increased from 100 to 650 nanomoles per milligram Chl under 350 microliters per liter CO2 with increasing light intensity. The calculated RuBP concentration of 6 millimolar (corresponded to 60 nanomoles per milligram Chl) was about two times above the estimated RuBP binding-site concentration on ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) of ~2.6 millimolar in maize bundle sheath chloroplasts in the light. The ratio of RuBP/PGA increased with decreasing light intensity under 350 microliters per liter CO2. These results suggest that RuBP carboxylation is under control of light intensity possibly due to a limited supply of CO2 to Rubisco through the C4 cycle whose activity is highly dependent on light intensity. Pyruvate level increased with increasing light intensity as long as photosynthesis rate increased. A positive relationship between levels of PGA and those of pyruvate during steady-state photosynthesis under various conditions suggests that an elevated concentration of PGA increases the carbon input into the C4 cycle through the conversion of PGA to PEP and consequently the level of total intermediates of the C4 cycle can be raised to mediate higher photosynthesis rate.  相似文献   

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