碱性果胶酶高产菌株产酶条件的优化

目的:对碱性果胶酶高产菌株的产酶条件进行优化.方法:通过筛选得到一株产碱性果胶酶的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)TCCC11286,利用单因素实验对其发酵条件进行优化.采用Plackett-Burman(P-B)方法筛选出对产酶有重要影响的3个因素(豆饼粉、MgSO4以及FeSO4的添加量),并采用响应面试验设计(RSM)对重要闪素进行优化.结果:最适的产酶条件为:玉米粉4%,豆饼粉3.55%,MgSO40.034%,(NH4)2SO4 0.4%,磷酸盐0.05mol/L,FeSO40.013%.结论:优化后其产酶能力得到了明显的提高,酶活提高到14.82U/ml.     

高产碱性果胶酶菌株的育种及其发酵条件的研究

以克劳氏芽孢杆茵(Bacillus clausii)S-4为出发菌株,经紫外诱变育种和固态发酵条件的选育,得到产碱性果胶酶较高的新茵株N-10,并研究了其固态发酵条件和部分酶学性质.结果表明,以甜菜渣为碳源和酶的诱导物以及棉粕作为氮源较适宜.较优的固态发酵条件为:甜菜渣5g,棉粕0.125 g,麦芽糖0.1 g,KH2PO40.0075 g,Na2CO30.15 g,水12.5 mL,种龄24 h,接种量2mL,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间84 h;酶产率可达4780 u/g(干甜菜渣),较菌株S-4提高108%.该酶的最适pH 10,最适温度55℃;分别在pH 7.5～9.5和30～40℃范围内较稳定;Ca2 、Mg2 、Fe2 对酶活有明显激活作用,Cu2 、Zn2 对酶活有强烈抑制活作用.     

响应面法优化叶酸高产菌发酵培养基及发酵条件

采用响应面法对叶酸产生菌产朊假丝酵母Y2.12的发酵发酵培养基及发酵条件进行优化.首先,采用Plackett-Burman方法对影响发酵各因素的效应进行评价,筛选出有显著效应的3个因素：碳源乳糖、pH值和摇床转速;并通过Box-Benhnken设计和响应面分析法对这3个主要影响因素进行分析.结果表明,优化后这3个因素的最佳值为摇床转速196r/min、pH7和碳源乳糖含量为6.25%.采用优化后的发酵培养基及发酵条件进行摇瓶发酵,叶酸的含量可达23.14±0.13mg/L,取得了很好的优化效果.     

L-Gln高产突变株发酵条件的统计优化

目的:以高产Gln突变株Corynebacterium.glutamicum N-U-6为研究对象,在单次单因子初步优化的条件下,进行统计优化。方法:利用Placktt-Burman法从7个因子中筛选出3个对产胺影响较大的重要因子并利用响应面法进行其最佳值的优化。结果:尿素、NH4Cl和ZnSO4被选出,且它们的最佳值分别为NH4Cl 23.6g/L,Urea 12.7g/L,ZnSO40.004g/L。结论:C.glutamicum N-U-6在统计优化后的培养条件下最高产量达39.53 g/L,比优化前的33.54 g/L提高17.86%。     

果胶酶高产菌株EIM-4的鉴定及其液体发酵条件优化

目的：通过了解高产果胶酶菌株EIM-4的背景信息及优化其最适的产酶条件,为下一步工业化生产提供依据。方法：通过基于18S rDNA序列的系统发育进化分析对果胶酶高产菌进行鉴定,通过单因素试验和均匀设计获得最适产酶条件。结果：通过对18SrRNA基因的分子系统进化分析,菌株EIM-4被鉴定为黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）。通过单因素和均匀设计试验确定最佳产酶培养基为（g/L）：橘皮粉32.9,黄豆粉10.7,（NH4）SO42.1,CaCO31.0,pH自然。结论：Aspergillus niger EIM-4的液体发酵产果胶酶的活力可达15159.82U/mL。     

碱性蛋白酶高产菌株EIM-8的筛选鉴定及其液体发酵条件优化

筛选分离得到一株高产碱性蛋白酶菌株EIM-8,并基于16S序列进行分子系统进化分析,鉴定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).同时,采用响应面法对Bacillus subtilis EIM-8的产酶条件进行了优化.首先通过单因素试验,筛选出最适碳源为玉米淀粉,最适氮源为牛肉膏.在此基础上,采用Pl...     

响应面设计优化绿僵菌固体发酵条件

【目的】为了提高绿僵菌分生孢子产量及孢子质量,应用响应面设计对金龟子绿僵菌菌株CY-1(Metarhizium anisopliae)进行固体发酵培养基的优化。【方法】单因素试验基础上,采用响应面试验设计方法优化培养基组分。【结果】添加了碳、氮营养的最佳固体发酵培养基为玉米粉:稻壳=8:2,料水比1:0.8,葡萄糖0.8%,硫酸铵2.5%,磷酸二氢钾0.8%;在固体培养基上的理论产孢量为7.45×10~9个/g;验证后实际为6.94×10~9个/g。【结论】运用响应面法对绿僵菌固体发酵的培养基成分进行优化,得到了绿僵菌孢子粉,为孢子粉进行地下害虫防治和制剂加工的研究奠定了基础。     

耐热碱性果胶酶产生菌的筛选及鉴定

本文以果胶为唯一碳源,在55℃下,从土壤中筛选出耐热碱性果胶酶产生菌20 株.进一步建立了果胶酶活性的定量测定方法:还原糖测定法和紫外测定法.经酶活力测定发现,4 株菌有较强碱性果胶酶活性,酶活力分别为3493、2983、2572、2561U/mL.4 株菌均为革兰阳性菌.对自行筛选的碱性果胶酶产生菌进行鉴定,其中活性最高的菌株M29 的16S rDNA 的序列分析表明与菌株Bacillus halodurans 的同源性高达99%,通过生理生化试验以及16S rDNA 的序列分析,鉴定碱性果胶酶产生菌为Bacillus halodurans M29.     

碱性果胶酶高产菌株的构建和高密度发酵

碱性果胶酶可用于苎麻脱胶和棉织物前处理的精练工艺,与传统的高温碱煮相比,具有保护纤维、降低能耗和化学污染的优势,因此获得高表达的碱性果胶酶基因工程菌,低成本生产碱性果胶酶对于纺织工业节能减排具有重要的意义。前期研究工作已经将来源于枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis 168的碱性果胶酶基因pel经过密码子优化后在毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris GS115中成功表达。本研究为了提高其表达量,首先利用启动子和信号肽都优化的载体pHBM905BDM进行表达,摇瓶酶活从68 U/mL增加到100 U/mL,qPCR检测转录水平提高了27%。再利用果胶底物平板筛选水解圈大的转化子进行摇瓶发酵获得菌株GS115-pHBM905BDM-pels4,摇瓶酶活为536 U/mL。随后构建重组质粒pPIC9K-pels,电转化菌株GS115-pHBM905BDM-pels4,利用抗生素G418平板进行筛选,在含4 mg/mL的G418抗性平板上得到菌株GS115-pHBM905BDM-pPIC9K-pels1,摇瓶酶活为770 U/mL,qPCR测定含7个拷贝目的基因。最后将该菌株在5 L的发酵罐中进行高密度发酵,果胶酶酶活提高至2 271 U/mL。该碱性果胶酶酶活已达到目前酵母表达的最高水平,说明其具有很好的应用于纺织工业的潜力。     

草酸青霉液体发酵产果胶酶条件的优化及其产物的酶学性质

采用响应面分析法对草酸青霉（Penicillium oxalicum）L5菌株液体发酵产果胶酶条件进行了优化。结果表明：桔皮粉、米糠及硫酸铵的添加量分别为4.85%、5.89%、0.97%,摇瓶初始pH为6.0~8.0,接种量为9%时,优化后的果胶酶活达54 391.70 U,是初始酶活18 148.00 U的3倍。另外,对其果胶酶性质进行了初步探讨,结果表明：该酶较适反应温度和pH分别为50℃和5.0;30~50℃时有较好的热稳定性,pH值为5.0时稳定性最佳。     

碱性果胶裂解酶摇瓶发酵条件的研究

利用碱性果胶裂解酶生产菌株Bacillus subtilis WSH02-02进行摇瓶发酵优化,确定了最适种子斜面培养基、种子摇瓶培养基和发酵摇瓶培养基等培养条件,经14h的摇瓶发酵,酶活最高达到8．29U／mL。     

Statistical optimization of production conditions of alkaline pectin lyase from Bacillus cereus using response surface methodology

Alkaline pectin lyase finds applications in the degumming and retting of plant fibres, textile industry and pectic wastewater treatment where it degrades highly methylesterified pectin without prior action of any other pectinase. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been frequently utilized for the optimization of production process of industrially important enzymes from microbes. In the present work, fermentation conditions for the production of pectin lyase from Bacillus cereus were optimized using the factorial and central composite design of RSM. The cubic order polynomial regression model was found to be adequate and significant with a determination coefficient R² of 0.9505 (p?相似文献   

Characterization and high-level expression of a metagenome-derived alkaline pectate lyase in recombinant Escherichia coli

Alkaline pectate lyases (PLs) play an important role in mild and eco-friendly bioscouring pretreatment processes in the textile industry. However, to date, only a few PLs can be applied in industrial-scale production, and many of them exhibit high production cost, low activity, and/or do not meet the treatment requirements. In this study, an alkaline PL gene was cloned from the metagenomic DNA of alkaline environment soils. The gene pelB consisted of 1263 nucleotides and encoded a mature protein (PelB) of 399 amino acids, which was expressed in Escherichia coli. The maximum catalytic activity of the enzyme exhibited a bimodal distribution at pH 8.1 and 9.8 and an optimal temperature of 55 °C. The K_m and V_max values of PelB were 1.78 g/L and 1084.8 μmol/(L min) at 45 °C, respectively. Substrate specificity analysis demonstrated the high cleavage capability of PelB on a broad range of substrates of natural methylated pectin. Based on the degradation products, PelB was considered to be an endo-acting lyase. Using high-cell-density cultivation in 7-L bioreactor, the highest PL activity (1816.2 U/mL) was achieved. Thus, the recombinant PelB, with promising properties for use in bioscouring in the textile pretreatment process, should be a potential enzyme for industrial applications.     

类芽胞杆菌碱性果胶裂解酶的纯化与酶学性质表征

从类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus sp.WZ008的发酵上清液中纯化得到一个高活力碱性果胶裂解酶,经SDS-PAGE电泳估算其亚基相对分子质量为4.5×104。通过对该酶进行酶学性质研究发现：该酶能催化裂解果胶酸、低酯果胶和高酯果胶;酶催化反应最适温度范围为55～60℃,最适pH为9.6,在最适条件下以低酯果胶为底物酶的比酶活达3 021.6 U/mg;Ca2＋能增强该酶的活力,而Mn2＋,Ba2＋和EDTA强烈抑制该酶活力;当没有Ca2＋存在时,高度酯化的果胶是该酶的最适底物,在4 mmol/L Ca2＋存在时,该酶以果胶酸为底物比酶活最高（25 467 U/mg）。该酶N端序列比对分析发现与类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain 27c64果胶裂解酶高度同源。     

重组菌产碱性果胶酯裂解酶酶学性质研究

利用盐析-透析-色谱流程建立快速高效纯化工程菌E.coli JM109(pHsh PL)所产碱性果胶酯裂解酶(PL)的方法,纯化后酶达到电泳纯,比酶活为1079U/mg.重组菌所产PL酶促反应适宜的pH为9～10,适宜温度为50～66 ℃,与酶基因来源野生菌所产PL相比,重组菌所产PL适宜pH范围有所扩大,并保持了野生菌PL的热稳定性.通过金属离子种类、浓度及存在时间对PL酶活力影响考察发现:在考察的离子中除Mg2 对酶活有较好的促进作用外,其余对重组菌PL均有抑制作用,其中Fe2 对酶活力抑制作用最强.该酶的Km值为20.93 mg/L,Vmax为105.3 μmol/min,反应活化能Ea为21.74 kJ/mol.对重组菌所产PL热稳定动力学进行分析,发现有底物情况下的失活常数kd(0.02 min-1)小于无底物情况下的失活常数kd(0.0342 min-1),说明当酶与底物结合形成复合物时对酶活具有保护作用.利用HPLC-ESI-MS对重组菌所产PL酶解产物进行测定发现,产物含有不饱和二聚半乳糖醛酸(m/z 350.82)和不饱和三聚半乳糖醛酸(m/z 527.04),同时测定结果中没有发现不饱和半乳糖醛酸单体(m/z 175),可以初步推测重组菌PL不能以不饱和二聚半乳糖醛酸和不饱和三聚半乳糖醛酸为底物进一步裂解.     

响应面法优化重组hCu,Zn-SOD改构体发酵培养基

目的:优化已构建的重组hCu,Zn-SOD改构体基因工程菌的发酵培养基,提高重组hCu,Zn-SOD改构体活性蛋白产量.方法:单因素实验筛选发酵培养基的碳源和氮源,Plackett Burman设计筛选影响hCu,Zn-SOD活性的重要影响因子,最陡爬坡实验逼近重要影响因子的hCu,Zn-SOD活性的最大响应区域,Box-Behnken及响应分析法进行回归分析.结果:重组hCu,Zn-SOD改构体发酵培养基重要影响因子的最优取值为:酵母提取物7.4646g.L,NaNO3 0.7129g/L,Na2HPO4·12H2O30.4876g/L,KH2PO4 4.1830g/L,优化后的hCu,Zn-SOD活性是1470700U/L,较初始培养基提高了1.04倍.结论:响应面法优化重组hCu,Zn-SOD的发酵培养基提高了hCu,Zn-SOD的活性和产量,为重组hCu,Zn-SOD的工业化生产提供依据.     

响应面法优化重组毕赤酵母表达米曲霉碱性蛋白酶诱导条件的研究

为探索重组米曲霉碱性蛋白酶（rAlp）在毕赤酵母中表达的最佳诱导条件,本研究在单因子实验的基础上,运用Box-Behnken设计的响应面试验对诱导条件进行了优化。根据回归分析确定了影响rAlp表达的因子,求得最佳诱导条件为：诱导温度28．53℃,诱导pH6．63,甲醇浓度1．28％。此工艺条件下碱性蛋白酶活力实测值为49．78U／mL,回归模型的预测值与实测值的相对误差〈1％,说明该回归方程与实际情况拟合很好。     

Optimization and kinetic study of immobilized lipase-catalyzed synthesis of ethyl lactate

Abstract

Enzymatic synthesis of ethyl lactate catalyzed by immobilized lipase has been investigated. The reaction variables (including the molar ratio of ethanol to acid, total substrate amount, temperature, reaction time and rotation speed) were selected in accordance with the Plackett–Burman design and were further optimized via response surface methodology. The molar ratio of ethanol to acid, total substrate amount and reaction time were screened out as significant variables for the optimization study. A 20-run, full-factorial, central composite design was used to construct the statistical model and the optimal conditions obtained were as follows: molar ratio of ethanol to acid of 8.3:1, total substrate amount of 0.4 g, reaction time of 26.87 h with temperature of 55°C and rotation speed of 150 rpm. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of ethyl lactate was up to 24.32%; close to the 25.13% obtained using the commercial lipase, Novozym 435. Due to the low cost and simple immobilization process, the lipase prepared in the present work could have great potential in enzymatic applications. Additionally, a kinetic model with inhibition by both ethanol and lactic acid following a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism was proposed.