小果野芭蕉种子散布和不同时空尺度上种子被捕食格局

 以分布在云南西双版纳地区的大型先锋草本植物小果野芭蕉(Musa acuminata)为研究材料,研究其种子初次散布过程和不同时空尺度上种子被 捕食格局。小果野芭蕉的成熟果实有75%在夜间被取食和传播,在白天消失的果实则占25%。蝙蝠是其最主要的种子传播者,鸟类在其种子传播 过程中也起到一定的作用。人工摆放种子试验结果显示小果野芭蕉种子的主要转移者是小型啮齿类(鼠类)和蚁类：在开放处理下3 d后转移率为 86%,排除蚁类(鼠类可进入)处理下种子转移率为69%以及排除鼠类(蚂蚁可进入)处理下种子被转移率为56%。季节、地点和生境均显著影响人工 摆放种子被转移强度：雨季显著高于旱季(p<0.001), 野芭蕉生境显著高于与其相连的自然森林和荒地(p<0.001),在人为干扰较少的补蚌自然 保护区显著低于西双版纳热带植物园和新山,而后两者之间并无显著差异(p>0.05)。同时,地点和生境以及季节、地点和生境都有显著的交互 作用。与相邻的森林和荒地相比,野芭蕉群落中种子被鼠类捕食的强度最大且受蚁类二次转移的比例最少,森林和荒地中种子被鼠类捕食的强 度相对较小且蚁类对种子的二次转移比例较高,从而更好地帮助种子逃避鼠类捕食。因此,依赖于食果动物(主要是蝙蝠, 也包括鸟类)的初次 散布是小果野芭蕉种子逃避捕食的关键。     

犬蝠对小果野芭蕉的取食及种子传播

2004年9月到12月,在西双版纳热带植物园沟谷雨林内,通过详细的野外观察和雾网实验以及种子的定时收集方法,对犬蝠(Cynopterussphinx)取食小果野芭蕉(Musaacuminata)的行为及规律进行了研究。发现在夜晚24:00以前,犬蝠取食小果野芭蕉有明显的2个活动高峰,分别发生在20:30和22:30左右,这一结果与雾网采样结果较为一致。在研究期间的雨季(9-10月)和干季(11-12月),犬蝠平均被捕获量为2.2±0.3只/d、1.4±0.3只/d,二者之间没有显著的差异;同时这两个季节收集的种子团数量分别为9.0±1.1个/d和7.2±1.4个/d,也没有显著差异。犬蝠对小果野芭蕉种子的传播受生境影响较为显著,各样地间种子传播的结果大不相同;地点和季节对犬蝠传播种子也不存在交互影响。犬蝠对小果野芭蕉种子的传播距离为50-200m,是小果野芭蕉有效的种子传播者     

川西高山典型自然植被土壤动物多样性

为了解川西高山不同自然植被类型下土壤动物的多样性差异,于2008年8月至2009年6月对该地区代表性植被--针叶林、灌木林和草甸下的土壤动物群落进行调查.从3种植被下共捕获土壤动物48343只,隶属于7门16纲31目117科.不同植被类型的大型土壤动物优势类群差异较大,其土壤动物类群数存在显著差异(P＜0.05).3种植被下土壤动物个体密度与类群数的垂直分布均具有明显表聚性.针叶林苔藓层的土壤动物个体密度与类群数极显著高于凋落物层和土壤层（P＜0.01）.不同植被下土壤动物密度 类群指数(DG)存在极显著差异(P＜0.01).大型土壤动物生物量在6月达到最大值.Jacard相似系数显示:受干扰草甸的土壤动物群落与其他植被相似程度最低.表明植被类型对土壤动物群落结构特征影响显著;坡向、海拔以及干扰等因素对土壤动物群落结构也有影响.     

西双版纳不同演替状态热带次生林土壤节肢动物群落特征

采用样地调查法,对西双版纳4种不同演替状况热带次生林：中平树(Macavanga denticulate)、崖豆藤(Millettia laptobotrya)、野芭蕉(Musa acuminata)与黄竹(Dendrocalamus membranaceae)林的土壤节肢动物群落结构与季节变化进行了研究．结果表明,4类不同演替状况次生林土壤节肢动物群落在数量优势类群组成上无较大差异,蜱螨目为所有4类林地的突出优势类群,膜翅目、弹尾目和鞘翅目在不同林地中分别为不同数量等级的次优势类群,而在常见和稀有类群的组成上,各林地表现出较大的差异．土壤节肢动物类群数、个体数和DG多样性指数以正向演替的崖豆藤林最高,偏途演替的黄竹林最低,但中平树、崖豆藤和野芭蕉林的差异不大．4类林地土壤节肢动物类群数和个体数的垂直分布分别以凋落物层和土壤表层(0～5cm)最高,其它各层分布因林地不同各异,并存在明显的季节差异．各林地土壤节肢动物个体数和类群数的季节消长总体表现出干季和雨季初期与末期高于雨量最大的雨季中期,由于不同林地植被结构、凋落物数量和质量以及土壤水热状况不同,其季节变化显现样地差异,除了受林地降水量和温度变化影响外,食物的丰欠和栖息场所的干扰状况也有重要的影响作用．     

长江河口湿地不同植被中无齿螳臂相手蟹的分布及其洞穴利用

无齿螳臂相手蟹(Chiromantes dehaani)是长江河口中、高潮滩的优势底栖动物之一,具有重要的生态功能.由于其经济价值较低,所受关注很少.本文调查了相似高程芦苇(Phragmites australis)带、芦苇斑块、菰(Zizania aquatica)植被以及裸地4种生境中无齿螳臂相手蟹的数量分布及其洞穴的利用情况.有植被分布的3种生境间植株密度、植株高度和植物干重生物量(地上部分)差异显著(P＜0.001);4种生境问,陷阱桶采样获取的无齿螳臂相手蟹数量分布(P＜0.001)和性比(P=0.001)差异显著;裸地区域没有无齿螳臂相手蟹可用的洞穴分布,芦苇带、芦苇斑块和菰植被间无齿螳臂相手蟹可用的洞穴密度(P＜0.019)、单位洞穴蟹个体数(P＜0.001)差异显著,挖掘洞穴采样获取的无齿螳臂相手蟹密度差异接近显著水平(P=0.067),洞穴占用率(P=0.667)、不同洞穴占用方式频次组成(P＞0.05)差异不显著;无齿螳臂相手蟹可利用洞穴密度与植株密度、植物干重生物量显著负相关(P＜0.05),而挖掘洞穴采样获取的无齿螳臂相手蟹密度与植株高度(P=0.077)相关性接近显著水平且与洞穴密度(P＜0.001)显著正相关.这些结果表明盐沼植被对无齿螳臂相手蟹的分布和洞穴利用存在影响.而进一步探讨盐沼不同植被对无齿螳臂相手蟹分布的影响,需要先了解无齿螳臂相手蟹在不同植被中分布格局在时间上的变化,并结合无齿螳臂相手蟹在不同植被间的迁移行为以及繁殖周期等进行探讨.     

西双版纳傣族“龙山”片断热带雨林蚂蚁类群结构与多样性研究

在西双版纳热带雨林地区,采用陷阱法（Pitfall traps) 对2类龙山片断雨林和保护区连续雨林蚂蚁类群进行取样调查,样地内共获取蚂蚁9196号,隶属6亚科,28属,53种,其属种和个数数量以切叶蚁亚科（Myrmicinae)最多。不同生境群落组成分差异较大,优势种变化明显。对3种蚂蚁类群多样性研究分析表明：保护区连续雨林的多样性、均匀性指数高于龙山片断林,群落相似性以2类龙山林最高,各林地蚂蚁类群物种分布的种－多度关系为对数级数模式。片断化雨林面积、植被结构、隔离程度及状况和人为干扰程度是影响蚂蚁类群结构和多样性的重要因素。     

3种生境蚂蚁群落组成和觅食动态调查

蚂蚁是地球上最常见、数量最多的一类昆虫,是指示生物多样性和环境变化的重要物种。大多数蚂蚁由于其社会性而具有群体觅食的特点,然而不同蚂蚁种类由于食性的差异以及种间竞争等原因会产生觅食节律的分化。为研究相同生境中不同种类蚂蚁觅食规律的差异,本研究分别用20%蔗糖水和鸡肉火腿肠以诱饵法诱集湖边、树林、荔枝园3种生境中的蚂蚁,以此确定不同生境中的优势蚂蚁种类及其觅食行为随时间的动态变化。研究结果表明,虽然不同生境诱集到的蚂蚁种类数无显著差异,但诱集到的蚂蚁数量则差异显著。不同生境的优势种也不一样,湖边的最大优树林势种群为小大头蚁(44.21%);树林的优势种群为白跗节狡臭蚁(67.36%)、小大头蚁、宽结大头蚁;荔枝园的最大优势种群为小大头蚁(63.46%)。结果发现,大多数情况下不同调查时间点上觅食工蚁数或同一时间点上不同蚂蚁的数量之间的差异并无统计学意义。研究结果将为不同生境蚂蚁群落多样性的研究提供理论基础。     

甘肃子午岭天然次生林区三种植被类型中土壤蜘蛛群落的组成及多样性

2004年4—10月,在甘肃子午岭天然次生林区采用巴氏诱罐法采集土壤蜘蛛2164头,隶属于19科43种。研究表明辽东栎林(Quercusliaotungensis)、油松林(Pinustabulaeformis)和杨树林(Populusdavidiana)3种森林植被类型中土壤蜘蛛群落组成有明显的差异;不同生境蜘蛛群落的组成成分和多样性指数各异;从各生境中捕获的蜘蛛个体数量分析,皿蛛科、平腹蛛科和科狼蛛科的数量最多,优势类群的组成相似;各生境类型中蜘蛛功能集团的组成及多样性也有明显差异。同时,分析了影响蜘蛛群落组成和多样性的主要因子是生境的植被类型和生境异质性。     

西双版纳地区小型哺乳动物群落结构及其季节变动

2008年10月—2009年6月,选择云南西双版纳地区7个不同类型生境,分别在旱季、雾凉季和雨季,采用铗夜法对小型哺乳动物群落展开调查。共布2100铗日,捕得小型哺乳动物3科10种127只,其中啮齿目(Rodentia)鼠科(Muridae)8种,食虫目(Instectivo-ra)鼩鼱科(Soricidae)和猬科(Erinaceidae)各1种,平均捕获率为6%。社鼠(Niviventer con-fucianus)是该地区小型哺乳动物群落中的优势种,其捕获率在季节之间的差异达到显著水平(P=0.023),在生境之间的差异不显著(P0.05)。在所调查的7个生境中,以生境最原始的热带雨林中的小型哺乳动物物种多样性指数最高(1.91);热带山地常绿阔叶林物种均匀度最高(0.95);热带季节性湿润林物种优势度最高(0.94)。人工橡胶林中未捕获到小型哺乳动物。3个季节中以旱季捕获小型哺乳动物数量最多。对不同生境内群落相似性指数进行聚类分析,6个生境在相似性指数0.21处全部聚合在一起。本研究结果表明,不同生境中小型哺乳动物物种多样性的丰富度与人类干扰程度有关,在人类干扰越小的生境中,小型哺乳动物种类越丰富,生物多样性指数越高;人为干扰频繁的生境物种多样性较低。     

森林演替对都江堰鼠类多样性的影响

为深入了解森林演替对野生动物群落结构和多样性格局的影响,于2012—2013年在四川省都江堰般若寺林场选择5种森林演替阶段(0~5、6~10、11~20、21~30 a和天然次生林(100 a),共计21个样地)对鼠类多样性进行调查。本次调查累计捕获鼠类9种,其中仓鼠科1种,鼠科8种。5种森林演替阶段共有物种有针毛鼠(Niviventer fulvescens)、中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)、社鼠(N.confucianus)、高山姬鼠(A.chevrieri)和大耳姬鼠(A.latronum)。不同森林演替阶段之间的鼠类物种数、个体数和多样性特征差异不显著,但天然次生林中的鼠类个体数略高于其他演替阶段。多元统计分析(NMDS和CCA排序)表明,不同森林演替阶段的鼠类群落组成相似性较高,但灌木层和草本层盖度等生境因子可影响鼠种的分布。除高山姬鼠、针毛鼠和中华姬鼠等分布较广的种类外,其他种类对微生境有一定的选择倾向。小泡巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)主要生活于演替期长的天然次生林中,社鼠和大耳姬鼠主要分布在灌木层盖度较高的生境,巢鼠(Micromys minutus)和黑腹绒鼠(Eothenomys melanogaster)主要生活在草本层盖度较高的生境,大足鼠(Rattus nitidus)适于生活在草本层和灌木层盖度均适中的生境。综上所述,不同森林演替阶段之间的鼠类多样性差异较小,但森林演替所造成的微生境变化可能影响鼠类物种的分布和多样性格局。     

Ant diversity and bio-indicators in land management of lac insect agroecosystem in Southwestern China

The segregation of land-use intensity signifies an important change in land use in lac insect agroecosystem of Southwestern China. Farming conversions have led to a highly diversified landscape, with a mosaic made up of patches of land with different succession, from cultivated lands to closed forest. Our aim here is to characterize ant assemblages within this mosaic and identify key ant community metrics and species that can be used for bioindication. The habitats supported different level of ant species richness and abundance. For ants captured by pitfall trapping, the mean plot species richness in lac plantation was significantly higher than that in dry land (deforestation land-use). For ants captured by sweep netting and foliage shaking, there was significant difference among lac plantation, dry land and secondary forest occurring from afforestation of lac plantations, with lac plantation having greatest species richness. Ant species composition was different among the three land-use habitats. Seven of the fifteen most common species had statistically different abundances or occurrence within the three land-uses. Thirteen species had statistically significant different distributions among land-use habitats (among them three species were captured by sweep netting and foliage shaking). Ten species had statistically significant habitat associations determined by IndVal analysis. Among these ten species, five ant species were associated with secondary forest, two with lac plantation, and three with dry land. Lac plantation integrated with lac-production and farming is clearly an important land-use protecting ant diversity, and thus having great conservation potential. The use of ants as bio-indicators is a promising method for determining ecological responses to human land use in China.     

Movement patterns of selected insect groups between natural forest,open land and rubber plantation in a tropical landscape (southern Yunnan,SW China)

In many regions of tropical Asia, the expansion of rubber monoculture plantations is conducted by replacement of natural forest areas and strongly affects biodiversity and movement patterns of wild species, including insects. Against this background, we conducted a study on selected insect groups (longhorn beetles, bark beetles, wild bees and hoverflies) along transects between rainforest patches, open uncultivated land and rubber plantation habitats in a region of Xishuangbanna (southern Yunnan, China), with the objectives to identify (a) movement directions and patterns of selected insect groups based on their abundances in modified Malaise traps in the different habitats, and (b) the role of remaining natural rainforest patches and rubber plantations, respectively, for insect diversity maintenance and conservation. The highest total numbers of species and individuals of bark beetles, longhorn beetles and wild bees were recorded from the natural forest edge compared to open land and rubber plantation edge. This result clearly indicates that the natural forest plays an important role in maintenance of these three insect groups. However, the highest number of hoverfly species and individuals was recorded from the open land sites, indicating the most relevant habitat type for this group of species. Overall, the lowest species and individual numbers were recorded from the rubber plantation edge, indicating the unsuitability of this habitat type for all insect groups considered. The distribution of species and individuals in the opposite trap sides along the transect indicates that longhorn beetles, bark beetles and wild bees show not only movements from the forest to the surrounding habitats, but also return back after encountering the unsuitable rubber plantation habitat. Bark beetle composition showed the relatively highest similarity between all trap sites and opposite trap sides among the insect groups considered, indicating a higher movement activity than the other groups. The four insect groups considered in this study show different movement modes between the forest, open land and rubber plantation, which are not the same for all taxa. Except for hoverflies, the natural forest was found to be the most important habitat for the maintenance of species diversity in the different land use types of the study area.     

中国东南部农区蚂蚁物种多样性研究

为探清我国东南部农区内蚂蚁物种多样性,本研究共设置86个采样单元格,每个单元格内选择农田、草地和人工林3种生境,每种生境设置3个重复样地,每个重复生境设置5个1 m2的重复采样样方,用吸虫器采集样方内的地表蚂蚁。结果表明：在我国东南部农区共采集鉴定地表蚂蚁30 077头,隶属于7亚科49属155种;长江中下游地区共采集蚂蚁5亚科34属93种,其中优势种3个,常见种9个,稀有种81个;华南地区采集蚂蚁7亚科42属124种,其中优势种2个,常见种11个,稀有种111个。红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是华南地区个体数目最多的物种,占个体总数的39.40%;物种数目、个体密度、多样性指数和优势度指数均表现为华南地区＞长江中下游地区;不同生境内蚂蚁群落的物种数目、多样性指数和均匀度指数表现为人工林＞草地＞农田,个体密度和优势度指数人工林生境最低;两个地区3种生境蚂蚁群落间相似性系数0.2437~0.6581,处于极不相似至中等相似水平。结果表明,我国东南部农区蚂蚁种类丰富,在农区的生物多样性保护中具有重要价值;红火蚁在华南地区入侵扩散严重,亟需治理;农区内不同土地利用方式造成的生境差异影响蚂蚁群落的物种组成和多样性;不同区域、不同生境的蚂蚁群落间差异明显。     

西双版纳傣族利用野生蔬菜种类变化及原因分析

运用民族植物学的方法,选择西双版纳自然及社会经济发展不同的三个傣族村寨曼安、曼伞和曼广囡为研究对象,调查当地村民利用野生蔬菜情况,并探讨利用种类变化的原因。三个傣族村寨村民利用的野生蔬菜有228种,分属于75个科,其中曼安村寨147种,曼伞村寨144种,曼广囡村寨105种。通过Multivariate方差分析(P<0.05)表明:不同村寨的村民平均每人提及的野生蔬菜物种数存在显著差异;年轻组平均每人提及的野生蔬菜物种数明显低于年长组,不同性别之间差异不显著;野生蔬菜知识的流失在男性之间比女性更为严重。最后对影响野生蔬菜利用的因素,野生蔬菜利用变化的原因以及传统野生蔬菜知识的流失进行了分析,就如何保护传统知识进行了探讨。     

紫胶虫蜜露对地表蚂蚁多样性的影响

2009年12月至2010年5月,采用陷阱法在云南省墨江县雅邑乡调查了紫胶林地表蚂蚁群落多样性,分析了紫胶虫蜜露对地表蚂蚁多样性的影响.结果表明:紫胶虫蜜露资源的有无及变动对地表蚂蚁群落物种组成、多度及多样性均产生影响.在紫胶林样地共采集蚂蚁标本4953头,隶属5亚科23属34种,在对照样地共采集蚂蚁标本2416头,隶属5亚科20属30种;紫胶林地表蚂蚁相对多度、物种丰富度(S)及ACE估计值均高于对照样地,地表蚂蚁常见种和指示种均与对照样地不同,表明放养紫胶虫改变了地表蚂蚁群落结构;紫胶虫成虫期蜜露分泌量高于幼虫期,其地表蚂蚁相对多度、S及ACE估计值也高于幼虫期,且两阶段的蚂蚁常见种和指示种显著不同.     

元谋干热河谷不同人工林中鞘翅目甲虫多样性比较

在元谋干热河谷采用网扫法调查了云南松林、桉树林、新银合欢林、桉树＋新银合欢林、印楝林及多树种混交的人工林鞘翅目昆虫多样性。结果表明,鞘翅目甲虫标本925号,计71种,分属18个科,其中叶甲科种类最丰富,象甲科数量最丰富。人工林鞘翅目昆虫群落物种丰富度在7～23,Shannon—Wiener多样性指数在1．249～2．562,昆虫多样性总体较低。各样地鞘翅目群落之间为不相似水平。云南松林鞘翅目昆虫群落物种丰富度、Shannon—Wiener指数、Simpson指数及Pielou指数分别为20、2．562、0．104和0．855,其多样性最高,多树种混交林较高,印楝林较低,而桉树林、新银合欢林、桉树＋新银合欢林多样性极低。多树种混交的恢复对昆虫多样性提高有显著促进作用。     

亚洲象与竹/蕉分布隔离的生态效果及其保护对策探讨

把分布在滇南的西双版纳自然保护区内的亚洲象频繁出走 ,毁坏农作物、伤害人畜的原因与自然保护区片断化以及它们与其重要采食植物黄竹、野芭蕉等分布的隔离联系起来探讨 ,由此提出了对亚洲象保护的一些措施。由于亚洲象在西双版纳几乎没有天敌 ,而且也得到较好的保护 ,其群居自 1 976年以来 ,由 1 0 1头发展至约 2 5 0头 ,自然保护区片断化和食物匮缺成为亚洲象走出自然保护区的重要原因。相反 ,在没有亚洲象控制的地区 ,黄竹和野芭蕉等以其高效的繁殖能力以及耐火烧的特性而在一些刀耕火种的弃荒地和退化生态系统迅速发展 ,成为以它们各自为优势的群落 (丛 ) ,大幅度地降低了群落的物种多样性     

紫胶林-农田复合生态系统蝗虫群落多样性

在云南绿春县采用网扫法调查了紫胶林-农田复合生态系统中稻田、旱地、天然紫胶林和人工紫胶林的蝗虫群落.共采集蝗总科（Acridoidea）昆虫1426头,5科22属,计33种.4个样地的群落物种丰富度S分别为16.333、13.000、11.000和12.000,Margalef 指数分别为2.873、2.266、2.335和2.137,Shannon-Wiener指数分别为2.034、1.976、1.982和1.488,Simpson指数分别为0.196、0.189、0.174和0.323,Pielou指数分别为0.728、0.787、0.829和0.599.紫胶林-农田复合生态系统蝗虫多样性总体较低,系统内不同农业土地利用生境蝗虫群落具有不同的物种组成及多样性特点,农田中稻田比旱地能容纳更多的蝗虫种类和数量,其蝗虫群落多样性高,均匀性和稳定性一般;天然紫胶林蝗虫群落多样性较高,群落稳定性强;而人工紫胶林蝗虫群落多样性低、群落不稳定.系统内不同土地利用生境中蝗虫群落之间存在物种的交流.     

Ant community succession within eucalypt plantations on used pasture and implications for taxonomic sufficiency in biomonitoring

Abstract Ground‐active ants were sampled from three habitats: (i) a 10‐year‐old Eucalyptus punctata plantation, (ii) native woodland regrowth, and (iii) the surrounding pasture, at a study site in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. A previous study, undertaken 6 years earlier at the same study sites, revealed no difference in species richness or composition between the eucalypt plantation and pasture. The aims of the present study were: (i) to investigate the successional change in ant community structure within the plantations; and (ii) to evaluate what levels of taxonomic identification were sufficient to indicate a change had taken place. Univariate statistics (anova ) were used to compare estimates of assemblage richness between habitats using data classified at five levels of taxonomic resolution: species, morphospecies, easily recognisable taxonomic units, genus and functional group. Multivariate statistics (anosim and non‐metric multidimensional scaling) were used to compare ant assemblages between habitats and between sampling events at a range of taxonomic resolutions from species to functional group. This study found: (i) a significant temporal change in community composition was evident using species, genus and functional group level data, but no change was detected in the pasture or woodland; (ii) mean ant species, morphospecies and easily recognisable taxonomic units richness were significantly greater within the plantations than the pasture; (iii) compositional differences between the plantation and pasture assemblages were evident at all levels of taxonomic resolution; (iv) mean ant species and genus richness were significantly higher in the woodland than in the plantation, and these two habitats were compositionally distinct at all levels of taxonomic resolution. This is the first case study to have documented a successional response from ants to the revegetation of agricultural land with eucalypt plantations. Reasons for the temporal and interhabitat differences in community structure are discussed, as well as the implications for taxonomic sufficiency in monitoring ant community successions.     

Rapid evaluation of ant diversity in land use systems in southern Bahia, Brazil

We aimed to compare the soil ant diversity in different land use systems from Atlantic Forest area, in Southern Bahia state, Brazil. The ants were sampled in 16 sites: two primary forest sites (un-logged forest); three young secondary forests (<8 years old); three intermediate secondary forests (8-20 years old); three old secondary forests (>20 years old); three Eucalyptus grandis plantations (3-7 years old), and two introduced pastures. Each site was sampled in three sampling points 15 m apart, and distant over 50 m from the site edge. In each sampling point we gathered the litter from a 1 m2 and extracted the ants with Winkler extractors during 48h. We found 103 ant species from 29 genera and eight subfamilies. The five richest genera were Pheidole (19 species), Solenopsis (8), Apterostigma (10), Hypoponera (7) e Paratrechina (5). The highest ant richness density was found in the primary forest (7.4 species/sample; S = 37; n = 5); followed by the old secondary forest (5.33 species/sample; S = 48; n = 9); young secondary forest (5.25 species/sample; S = 42, n = 8); eucalyptus plantation (4.22 species/sample; S = 38, n = 9), intermediate secondary forest (3.5 species/sample; S = 35, n = 10, and introduced pasture (2.67 species/sample; S = 16, n = 6). The ecosystems with higher structural complexity showed the highest ant richness density by sample. Therefore, in the Atlantic Forest region, the eucalyptus plantation is a better alternative of land use to conserve the ant biodiversity than pastures, and quite similar to native secondary forests in ant community characteristics.