Lysinibacillus composti sp. nov., isolated from compost

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated as NCCP-36^T, was isolated from the compost of fruit and vegetable wastes. The strain NCCP-36^T grew within a temperature range of 10–45?^○C (optimum 28?^○C) and a pH range of 6.5–8.5 (optimum 7.0), and its cells tolerated <50 mM boron (optimum growth without boron) and 0–5 % NaCl (w/v) in tryptic soya broth medium. Based on comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain NCCP-36^T showed the highest similarity to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1^T (97.52 %) and L. xylanilyticus XDB9^T (96.96 %), and <97 % similarity with other closely related taxa. However, DNA–DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-36^T and the closely related type strains of genus Lysinibacillus was ≤37 %. Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses [major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phospholipids; predominant menaquinone: MK-7; major cellular fatty acids: iso-C_15:0, antieso-C_15:0, and iso-C_16:0; DNA G+C contents: 37 mol %; Lys-Asp (type A4α) in cell-wall peptidoglycans as diagnostic amino acids] also support the affiliation of strain NCCP-36^T to genus Lysinibacillus. Based upon DNA–DNA relatedness as well as distinctive chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, and genotypic data, we conclude that strain NCCP-36^T belongs to a novel species of genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NCCP-36^T (JCM 18777^T?=?KCTC 13796^T?=?DSMZ 24785^T).     

Lysinibacillus jejuensis sp. nov., isolated from swinery waste

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain N2-5^T, was isolated from swinery waste collected in Jeju, Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain N2-5^T formed a phyletic group within the phylum Firmicutes with less than 97.0% similarities to members of the genus Lysinibacillus, its nearest phylogenetic neighbors. The highest levels of sequence similarity to the isolate were observed against Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9^T (96.8%), Lysinibacillus macroides LMG 18474^T (95.6%), and Lysinibacillus parviboronicapiens BAM-582^T (95.6%). The organism grew optimally at 30°C and pH 7 and in the presence of 1–3% (w/v) NaCl. Strain N2-5^T was chemotaxonomically characterized by possessing menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the major menaquinone, and iso-C_15:0 (54.9%), iso-C_17:1 ω10c (12.0%), and C_16:1 ω7c alcohol (11.8%) as the predominant fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 43.3 mol% and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was type A4α. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic data, strain N2-5^T (=DSM 28310^T =KCTC13837^T) represents a novel species in the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed.     

Lysinibacillus tabacifolii sp. nov., a novel endophytic bacterium isolated from Nicotiana tabacum leaves

A Gram-positive, catalase- and oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming rod bacterium, designated K3514^T, was isolated from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. The strain was able to grow at temperatures of 8–40°C, pH 5.0–10.0 and NaCl concentrations of 0–7%. The predominant quinones (>30%) of this strain were MK-7(H2) and MK-7. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain K3514^T was affiliated to the genus Lysinibacillus, with its closest relatives being Lysinibacillus mangiferihumi (98.3% sequence similarity), Lysinibacillus sphaericus (97.9% sequence similarity), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (97.4% sequence similarity), and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (97.3% sequence similarity). However, low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness values suggested that the isolate was distinct from the other closest Lysinibacillus species. Additionally, based on analysis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, the isolate could be differentiated from the closest known relatives. Therefore, based on polyphasic taxonomic data, the novel isolate likely represents a novel species, for which the name Lysinibacillus tabacifolii sp. nov. and the type strain K3514^T (=KCTC 33042^T =CCTCC AB 2012050^T) are proposed.     

Lysinibacillus mangiferahumi sp. nov., a new bacterium producing nematicidal volatiles

A Gram-positive bacterium, designated M-GX18^T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of mango (Guangxi Province, China). The isolate produced nematicidal volatile compounds with activities against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The organism was motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, spore-forming and rod shaped. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acid profiles were iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The DNA G+C content was 38.9%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this organism represented a new species of the genus Lysinibacillus. Strain M-GX18^T exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with its closest neighbors Lysinibacillus sphaericus (98.5%), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (98.1%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (98.6%). The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness data, indicate that strain M-GX18^T can be distinguished from all the related species of the genus Lysinibacillus. Therefore, on the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data presented, a new species of the genus Lysinibacillus, Lysinibacillus mangiferahumi, with the type strain M-GX18^T (=DSM 24076^T = CCTCC AB 2010389^T) is proposed.     

Paraherbaspirillum soli gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from soil

A bacterial strain, designated JS5-2^T, was isolated from soil collected from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The cells of the strain were Gram-negative, nonspore forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, nonmotile and rod-shaped. Strain JS5-2^T exhibited 96.2–97.2, 95.1–96.3, and 95.4–95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the genera Herbaspirillum, Oxalicibacterium, and Herminiimonas, respectively. The highest sequence similarities were with Herbaspirillum autotrophicum IAM 14942^T (97.2%) and Herbaspirillum frisingense GSF30^T (97.1%). The major fatty acids of strain JS5-2^T were C_16:0 (35.0%), C_17:0 cyclo (19.9%), C_18:1 ω7c (11.4%), and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_15:0 iso 2-OH) (15.2%), and the major polar lipids of strain JS5-2^T were diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown aminophospholipid. The strain contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone. DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain JS5-2^T and H. autotrophicum IAM 14942^T, and H. frisingense GSF30^T were 32 and 35%, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain JS5-2^T was 59.0 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, and physiological evidence, strain JS5-2^T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Paraherbaspirillum soli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain JS5-2^T (=KACC 12633^T =NBRC 106496^T) is proposed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paenibacillus bryophyllum</Emphasis> sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bryophyllum pinnatum</Emphasis>

A nitrogen-fixing, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain L201^T was isolated from the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum growing in South China Agricultural University. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L201^T is affiliated with the genus Paenibacillus, and closely related to Paenibacillus albidus Q4-3^T (97.4%), Paenibacillus odorifer DSM 15391^T (97.3%) and Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188^T (97.2%). The main fatty acids components was anteiso-C_15:0 (48.1%). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The G+C content of strain L201^T was 43.9%. DNA–DNA relatedness between L201^T and the reference strain was 29.8%. Biological and biochemical tests, protein patterns, genomic DNA fingerprinting and comparison of cellular fatty acids distinguished strain L201^T from the closely related Paenibacillus species. Based on these data, the novel species Paenibacillus bryophyllum sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain L201^T(=?KCTC 33951 ^T?=?GDMCC 1.1251 ^T).     

Halocynthiibacter namhaensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi

A Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated RA2-3^T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain RA2-3^T was observed to grow optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain RA2-3^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to the type strains of Litoreibacter meonggei (95.7 %), Planktotalea frisia (95.6 %), Thalassobius gelatinovorus (95.5 %) and Pelagicola litoralis (95.4 %). A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain RA2-3^T clustered with the type strains of Planktotalea frisia, Pelagicola litoralis, Pacificibacter maritimus and Roseovarius marinus. Strain RA2-3^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain RA2-3^T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain RA2-3^T was 52.9 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strain RA2-3^T is considered to represent a new genus and species within the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Halocynthiibacter namhaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of H. namhaensis is RA2-3^T (=KCTC 32362^T=NBRC 109999^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Robiginitalea sediminis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from a sea cucumber culture pond

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile, orange and rod/coccoid-shaped bacterium, designated O458^T, was isolated from sediment collected from a sea cucumber culture pond located in Rongcheng, Shandong province, China (122°14′E, 36°54′N). Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain O458^T is a member of the genus Robiginitalea and is closely related to Robiginitalea biformata (95.7% sequence similarity) and Robiginitalea myxolifaciens (94.9%). Its DNA G+C content was 55.2 mol%. The strain grew at temperatures between 15 and 45 °C (optimum 33 °C), from pH 6.5 to 8.5 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5) and between 1.0 and 6.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0%). Strain O458^T was found to contain menaquinon-6 (MK-6) as the only respiratory quinone, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and Summed feature 1 (iso-C_15:1 H and/or iso-C_13:0 3-OH) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and four unidentified lipids (L1, L2, L3 and L4). On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses it is suggested that strain O458^T represents a novel species of the genus Robiginitalea, for which the name Robiginitalea sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is O458^T (=KCTC 52898^T=MCCC 1H00190^T).     

Pedobacter soyangensis sp. nov., isolated from Lake Soyang in Korea

Strain HME6451^T was isolated from Lake Soyang in Korea. Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain HME6451^T formed a lineage within the genus Pedobacter. The strain HME6451^T was closely related to Pedobacter daechungensis (95.4% sequence similarity), Pedobacter lentus (94.4%), and Pedobacter glucosidilyticus (93.8%). And strain HME6451^T was a Gram-staining-negative, short rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium. The major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 (41.2%), summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c; 23.1%), and iso-C_17:0-3OH (10.1%). The polar lipids of HME6451^T were consisted of one phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 36.0 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME6451^T represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter soyangensis sp. nov., is proposed the type strain HME6451^T (=KCTC 23467^T =CECT 7865^T).     

Photobacterium marinum sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a sediment sample from Palk Bay,India

The novel, cream colored, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains AK15^T and AK18, were isolated from sediment samples collected from Palk Bay, India. Both strains were positive for arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, oxidase, nitrate reduction and methyl red test. The major fatty acids were C_16:0, C_{18:1 ω7c}, C_{16:1 ω7c} and/or C_{16:1 ω6c} and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH (summed feature 3). Polar lipids content of strains AK15^T and AK18 were found to bephosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unidentified phospholipids (PL1 and PL2) and three unidentified lipids (L1-L3). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated strains AK15^T and AK18 as the members of the genus Photobacterium and closely related to the type strain Photobacterium jeanii with pair-wise sequence similarity of 96.7%. DNA–DNA hybridization between strain AK15^T and AK18 showed a relatedness of 87%. Based on data from the current polyphasic study, strains AK15^T and AK18 are proposed as novel species of the genus Photobacterium, for which the name Photobacterium marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Photobacterium marinum is AK15^T (=MTCC 11066^T = DSM 25368^T).     

Ruegeria meonggei sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated MA-E2-3^T, was isolated from an ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea, South Korea. Strain MA-E2-3^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain MA-E2-3^T fell within the clade comprising Ruegeria species, clustering consistently with the type strain of Ruegeria halocynthiae, with which it exhibited 98.2 % sequence similarity. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other recognized Ruegeria species were 94.7–97.7 %. Strain MA-E2-3^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain MA-E2-3^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain MA-E2-3^T was determined to be 58.0 mol%. Mean DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain MA-E2-3^T and the type strains of four phylogenetically closely related Ruegeria species were in the range of 13–23 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain MA-E2-3^T is separated from other Ruegeria species. On the basis of the data presented, strain MA-E2-3^T (=KCTC 32450^T = CECT 8411^T) represents a novel species of the genus Ruegeria, for which the name Ruegeria meonggei sp. nov. is proposed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chitinophaga salinisoli</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from saline soil

A novel aerobic bacterium, designated strain LAM9153^T, was isolated from a saline soil sample collected from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. Cells of strain LAM9153^T were observed to be Gram-stain negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. The new isolate grew optimally at 30–35 °C, pH 7.0 and 0.5% of NaCl concentration (w/v). According to the phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain LAM9153^T shares high similarity with Chitinophaga terrae Gsoil 238^T (96.9%) and Chitinophaga niabensis JS 13-10^T (95.9%), forming a subcluster with C. terrae Gsoil 238^T, Chitinophaga cymbidii R156-2^T, C. niabensis JS 13-10^T and Chitinophaga soli Gsoil 219^T in the phylogenetic tree. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and summed features 3 (C_16:1 ω6c and/or C_16:1 ω7c). The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 53.2 ± 1.6 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain LAM9153^T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga salinisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAM9153^T (= ACCC 19960^T = JCM 30847^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hymenobacter agri</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil

A bacterial isolate was recovered from a soil sample collected in Jeollabuk-do Province, South Korea, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic assessment. Cells of the isolate, designated strain S1-2-1-2-1^T, were observed to be rod-shaped, pink in color, and Gram-stain negative. The strain was able to grow at temperature range from 10 to 30 °C, with an optimum of 25 °C, and growth occurred at pH 6–8. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain S1-2-1-2-1^T belongs to the genus Hymenobacter, with closely related type strains being Hymenobacter daeguensis 16F3Y-2^T (95.8% similarity), Hymenobacter rubidus DG7B^T (95.8%), Hymenobacter soli PB^T (95.7%), Hymenobacter terrenus MIMtkLc17^T (95.6%), Hymenobacter terrae DG7A^T (95.3%), and Hymenobacter saemangeumensis GSR0100^T (95.2%). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S1-2-1-2-1^T was 63.0 mol%. The main polar lipid of this strain was phosphatidylethanolamine, the predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7, and the major fatty acids were C_15:0 iso (27.3%), summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c) (16.5%), C_15:0 anteiso (15.3%), and C_16:0 (14.7%), supporting the affiliation of this strain with the genus Hymenobacter. The results of this polyphasic analysis allowed for the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain S1-2-1-2-1^T from recognized Hymenobacter species. On the basis of its phenotypic properties, genotypic distinctiveness, and chemotaxonomic features, strain S1-2-1-2-1^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter agri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S1-2-1-2-1^T (=KCTC 52739^T?=?JCM 32194^T).     

Non contiguous-finished genome sequence and description of Enorma massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the Family Coriobacteriaceae

Enorma massiliensis strain phI^T is the type strain of E. massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., the type species of a new genus within the family Coriobacteriaceae, Enorma gen. nov. This strain, whose genome is described here, was isolated from the fecal flora of a 26-year-old woman suffering from morbid obesity. E. massiliensis strain phI^T is a Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic bacillus. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 2,280,571 bp long genome (1 chromosome but no plasmid) exhibits a G+C content of 62.0% and contains 1,901 protein-coding and 51 RNA genes, including 3 rRNA genes.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lysobacter spongiae</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from spongin

A Gram-negative, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated 119BY6-57^T was isolated from spongin. The taxonomic position of the novel isolate was confirmed using the polyphasic approach. Strain 119BY6-57^T grew well at 25–30°C on marine agar. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain 119BY6-57^T belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae and is related to Lysobacter aestuarii S2-C^T (99.8% sequence similarity), L. maris KMU-14^T (97.5%), and L. daejeonensis GH1-9^T (97.3%). Lower sequence similarities (97.0%) were found with all of the other recognized members of the genus Lysobacter. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 69.9 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the major fatty acids were C_16:0 iso, C_15:0 iso, summed feature 9 (comprising C_17:1 iso ω9c and/or C_16:0 10-methyl), summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c), and C_11:0 iso 3-OH. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, and an unidentified polar lipid. DNADNA relatedness values between strain 119BY6-57^T and its closest phylogenetically neighbors were below 48.0 ± 2.1%. Based on genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, it is concluded that strain 119BY6-57^T is a new member within the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter spongiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 119BY6-57^T (= KACC 19276^T = LMG 30077^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zunongwangia flava</Emphasis> sp. nov., belonging to the family <Emphasis Type="Italic">Flavobacteriaceae</Emphasis>, isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salicornia europaea</Emphasis>

A yellow pigmented bacterium designated strain MBLN094^T within the family Flavobacteriaceae was isolated from a halophyte Salicornia europaea on the coast of the Yellow Sea. This strain was a Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MBLN094^T was found to be related to the genus Zunongwangia, exhibiting 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.0, 96.8, 96.4, and 96.3% to Zunongwangia mangrovi P2E16^T, Z. profunda SM-A87^T, Z. atlantica 22II14-10F7^T, and Z. endophytica CPA58^T, respectively. Strain MBLN094^T grew at 20?37°C (optimum, 25?30°C), at pH 6.0?10.0 (optimum, 7.0?8.0), and with 0.5?15.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0?5.0%). Menaquinone MK-6 was the sole respiratory quinone. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and four unidentified lipids. Major fatty acids were iso-C_17:0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), and iso-C_15:0. The genomic DNA G + C content was 37.4 mol%. Based on these polyphasic taxonomic data, strain MBLN094^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Zunongwangia, for which the name Zunongwangia flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MBLN094^T (= KCTC 62279^T = JCM 32262^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pedobacter aquicola</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from freshwater

A non-motile, pink-pigmented bacterial strain designated IMCC25679^T, was isolated from freshwater Lake Chungju of Korea. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain IMCC25679^T formed a lineage within the genus Pedobacter. The strain IMCC25679^T was closely related to Pedobacter daechungensis Dae 13^T (96.4% sequence similarity), Pedobacter rivuli HME8457^T (95.3%) and Pedobacter lentus DS-40^T (94.3%). The major fatty acids of IMCC- 25679^T were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1ω6c and/or C_16:1ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unidentified sphingolipid (SL), an unidentified aminolipid (AL) and three unidentified polar lipids (PL). The DNA G + C content of IMCC25679^T was 32.2 mol%. Based on the evidence presented in this study, the strain IMCC25679^T represents a novel species within the genus Pedobacter, with the proposed name Pedobacter aquicola, sp. nov. The type strain is IMCC25679^T (= KACC 19486^T = NBRC113131^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Flavobacterium zaozhuangense</Emphasis> sp. nov., a new member of the family <Emphasis Type="Italic">Flavobacteriaceae</Emphasis>, isolated from metolachlor-contaminated soil

Strain ZZ-8^T, a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from metolachlor-contaminated soil in China. The taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZZ-8^T is a member of the genus Flavobacterium and shows high sequence similarity to Flavobacterium humicola UCM-46^T (97.2%) and Flavobacterium pedocola UCM-R36^T (97.1%), and lower (<?97%) sequence similarity to other known Flavobacterium species. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain ZZ-8^T possessed MK-6 as the major respiratory quinone; and iso-C_15:0 (28.5%), summed feature 9 (iso-C_17:1 w9c/C_16:0 10-methyl, 22.9%), iso-C_17:0 3-OH (17.0%), iso-C_15:0 3-OH (8.9%), iso-C_15:1 G (8.6%) and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 w7c/C_16:1 w6c, 5.7%) as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain ZZ-8^T were determined to be lipids, a glycolipid, aminolipids and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain ZZ-8^T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness with F. pedocola UCM-R36^T (43.23?±?4.1%) and F. humicola UCM-46^T (29.17?±?3.8%). The DNA G+C content was 43.3 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic data and DNA–DNA hybridization, strain ZZ-8^T is considered a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium zaozhuangense sp. nov. (type strain ZZ-8^T?=?KCTC 62315 ^T?=?CCTCC AB 2017243^T) is proposed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Kurthia ruminicola</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from the rumen contents of a Holstein cow

Gram-staining-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as H31022^T and H31024 was isolated from rumen contents of a Holstein cow. Optimum growth occurred at 25°C and pH 7.0 on R2A agar medium. Oxidase and catalase activities are positive. The 16S rRNA gene sequence (1,452 bp) of the new isolates revealed they belong to the genus Kurthia of the phylum Firmicutes. Highest gene sequence similarities were assessed to be with Kurthia massiliensis JC30^T (98.4%), Kurthia senegalensis JC8E^T (97.5%), and Kurthia populi 10y-14^T (97.4%). Kurthia sibirica DSM 4747^T (97.3%), Kurthia zopfii NBRC 101529^T (97.0%), and Kurthia gibsonii NCIMB 9758^T (96.7%). DNA G + C content of strains H31022^T and H31024 were 34.4% and 39.7%. Strains H31022^T and H31024 has the following chemotaxonomic characteristics; the major fatty acids are iso-C_15:0, iso-C_14:0 and anteiso-C₁₅; polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), unknown aminophospholipids (APL), unknown glycolipids (GL), unknown phospholipids (PL), and unknown polar lipids (L); the major quinone is MK-7. Based on polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains H31022^T (= KCTC 33923^T = JCM 19640^T) and H31024 (= KCTC 33924^T = JCM 19641^T) identified a novel species in the genus Kurthia for which the name Kurthia ruminicola sp. nov. is proposed.     

Haloplanus salinus sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from a Chinese marine solar saltern

Halophilic archaeal strain YGH66^T was isolated from the Yinggehai marine solar saltern near the Sanya city of Hainan Province, China. Cells were pleomorphic, flat, stained Gram-negative, and produced pink-pigmented colonies. Strain YGH66^T was able to grow at 20–50 °C (optimum 37 °C), at 0.9–4.8 M NaCl (optimum 3.1 M NaCl), at 0.005–1.0 M MgCl₂ (optimum 0.05 M MgCl₂), and at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). The cells of strain YGH66^T were lysed in distilled water, and the minimum NaCl concentration that prevented cell lysis was 5 % (w/v). The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, one major glycolipid (GL1) chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether and a minor unidentified lipid (GL2), respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YGH66^T was closely related to Haloplanus natans JCM 14081^T, Haloplanus aerogenes TBN37^T, and Haloplanus vescus RO5-8^T with the similarities of 98.0, 97.6, and 96.9 %, respectively. The rpoB′ gene similarity between strain YGH66^T and the current three members of Haloplanus were 90.4–92.8 %. The DNA G+C content of strain YGH66^T was 67.2 mol %. The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain YGH66^T and three members of Haloplanus, H. natans JCM 14081^T, H. aerogenes TBN37^T, H. vescus RO5-8^T were 50, 46 and 39 %, respectively. It was concluded that strain YGH66^T represents a novel species of the genus Haloplanus, for which the name Haloplanus salinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YGH66^T (=CGMCC 1.12127^T = JCM 18368^T).