中国南部的白蚁新种

本文记述了在中国南部发现的下列二十一个新种。其中有*号者是作者参加中苏合作云南生物考察队时所采集到的部分材料。 木白蚁科Kalotermitidae 1. 铲头堆砂白蚁Cryptotermes declivis新种 2. 黑额叶白蚁Lobitermes nigrifrons 新种 3. 金平树白蚁Glyptotermes chinpingensis新种 鼻白蚁科Rhinotermitidae 4. 宽唇异白蚁 Heterotermes latilabrum 新种 5. 长头散白蚁Reticulitermes longicephalus新种 6. 太长鼻白蚁Schedorhinotermes magnus 新种 白蚁科Termitidae 7. 等齿笨白蚁 Eurytermes isodentatus新种 8. 自翅原歪白蚁Procapritermes albipennis新种 9. 隆额歪白蚁 Capritermes pseudolaetus新种 10. 小歪白蚁Capritermes minutus新种 11. 云南土白蚁 Odontotermes(O.)yunnanensis 新种 12. 细颚土白蚁Odontotermes(O.)angustignathus新种 13. 小头蛮白蚁Microtermes dimorphus新种 14. 栗色象白蚁 Nasutitermes fulvus新种 15. 角头象白蚁 Nasutitermes deltocephalus 新种 16. 直鼻象白蚁 Nasutitermes orthonasus新种 17. 翘鼻象白蚁 Nasutitermes erectinasus 新种 18. 大鼻象白蚁 Nasutitermes grandinasus 新种 19. 圆头象白蚁 Nasutitermes communis新种 20. 丘额象白蚁 Nasutitermes sinuosus新种 21. 黄色象白蚁 Nasutitermes parafulvus 新种     

纳帕海毛茛, 云南毛茛科一新种

描述了在云南发现的毛茛属一新种,纳帕海毛茛,此种在亲缘关系上与川滇毛茛甚为相近,但茎有1叶或无叶,叶较小,基部截形或心状截形,侧全裂片不等3～5浅裂,花较小,花瓣倒卵形,长4～5 mm,宽2～3 mm,雄蕊7枚而与后者区别。     

纳帕海毛茛, 云南毛茛科一新种

描述了在云南发现的毛茛属一新种,纳帕海毛茛,此种在亲缘关系上与川滇毛茛甚为相近,但茎有1叶或无叶,叶较小,基部截形或心状截形,侧全裂片不等3～5浅裂,花较小,花瓣倒卵形,长4～5mm,宽2～3mm,雄蕊7枚而与后者区别。     

四川毛茛属五新种和一新变种,其中一新种代表一新组

该文描述了自四川西部发现的毛茛科毛茛属五新种.其中:三新种,即石棉毛茛(Ranunculus shimianensis)、细叉叶毛茛(R.tenuifurcatus)和细裂叶毛茛(R.perdissectus)隶属于美丽毛茛组(Sect.Auricomus);第四新种,即泸定毛茛(R.ludingensis)隶属于毛茛...     

华西毛茛属五新种

描述了自我国西部发现的毛茛属五新种,大邑毛茛、铜仁毛茛、舟曲毛茛、崇州毛茛和共和毛茛,并分别给出其等与近缘种的区别特征。     

西藏毛茛属二新种

该文描述了发现自中国西藏南部的毛茛科毛茛属二新种,即隆子毛茛(Ranunculus longziensis W.T. Wang)和单根毛茛(R. uniradicatus W. T. Wang)。隆子毛茛(新种)与睫毛毛茛(R. densiciliatus W. T.Wang)在亲缘关系上甚为相近,两者不同的是此新种(隆子毛茛)的茎无毛,叶也无毛,基生叶不分裂,多具5条脉,茎生叶呈披针状条形;单根毛茛(新种)与聂拉木毛茛(R. nyalamensis W. T. Wang)在体态上稍微相似,两者不同的是此新种(单根毛茛)为一年生草本植物,只具一条须根,茎无毛,花瓣呈狭倒卵形,子房被短柔毛。     

康马毛茛, 中国西藏毛茛科一新种

该文描述了自西藏南部发现的毛茛科毛茛属一新种,康马毛茛(Ranunculus kangmaensis)。此新种与特产云南的梅里山毛茛(R. meilixuoshanicus KadotaMing)近缘,两者的区别是康马毛茛的花葶较高,叶较大,3深裂,花具8枚且较大,并具较长爪的花瓣。     

中国白角秽蝇种团二新种 (双翅目：蝇科)

报道了采自我国四川省雅安的蝇科秽蝇属二新种,均具触角较短、雄蝇阳基后突较弱、肛尾叶和侧尾叶细长等特征,应隶属白角秽蝇种团(Coenosia albicornis group),模式标本保存于沈阳师范学院生物系。寡斑秽蝇Coenosia unpunctata新种,雄蝇下颚须黄色,腹部无斑条,第5腹板侧叶不宽大。鹰爪秽蝇Coenosia unguligentilis新种,间额棕色,触角和下颚须褐色,侧颜约为触角宽的1/2,盾片无纵条,中股无明显前腹鬃;雄肛尾叶后面观端半部变狭,侧尾叶末端向前方弯曲。     

老河沟毛茛，四川毛茛科一新种

描述了自四川发现的毛茛科毛茛属一新种,老河沟毛茛(Ranunculus laohegouensis),并给出其与近缘种的区别特征。     

怀宁毛茛,安徽毛茛科一新种

该文描述了自安徽发现的毛茛科毛茛属一新种,怀宁毛茛(Ranunculus hainingensis)。此新种与猫爪草(R. ternatus)在亲缘关系上甚为相近,两者的区别在于怀宁毛茛植株具丝形,有块根的匍匐茎,具三出复叶的基生叶的二侧生小叶分裂成二不等大的小叶,心皮的花柱比子房稍短或与子房等长。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属（百合科）二新种

报道了在广西发现的2个百合科蜘蛛抱蛋属Aspidistra新种,即乳突蜘蛛抱蛋A. papillata G. Z. Li和环江蜘蛛抱蛋A. huanjiangensis G. Z. Li&Y. G. Wei。乳突蜘蛛抱蛋与大花蜘蛛抱蛋A. tonkinensis（Gagner. ）F. T. Wang&K. Y. Lang近缘。它们的共同特征是:花单生;花被裂片两侧彼此覆盖;柱头盾状,边缘3裂,上表面具3条辐射状沟缝。不同点是:乳突蜘蛛抱蛋植株较大花蜘蛛抱蛋的粗大;叶柄较粗;叶片椭圆形或长椭圆形;花被阔钟     

Wentsaiboea tiandengensis sp. nov. and W. luochengensis sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from Karst caves in Guangxi,southern China

Two new species of Gesneriaceae, Wentsaiboea tiandengensis Yan Liu & B. Pan and Wentsaiboea luochengensis Yan Liu & W. B. Xu from Karst caves in Guangxi, China are described and illustrated. Wentsaiboea tiandengensis resembles W. renifolia, but differs in the leaf blade being cordate or broadly ovate, the margin crenate or repand, with conspicuous pinnate veins 3–5 on each side, corolla throat constricted, corolla lobes ovate with apex acute, staminodes 3, and ovary broadly ovoid. Wentsaiboea luochengensis is similar to W. renifolia, but can be distinguished from the latter by the coriaceous leaf blade with 2–3 inconspicuous pinnate veins on each side, elliptic or broadly ovate to sub‐rotund in shape, with sub‐entire margin and attenuate to cuneate or sub‐rotund base, broadly ovate or sub‐rotund corolla lobes, rotund or obtuse apex, and 3 staminodes.     

马银花若干地方性群体内和群体间的变异式样的分析

本文以马银花(Phododendron ovatum)的属于六个省和自治区的七个地方性群体为对象,对群体内和鲜体间的变异式样进行了定量分析,以便在群体水平上探测该种种内之具有规律性的变异及其与地理分布的关系。根据所测定的十个单个性状和相关性状的数据绘制了以群体为单位的矩形图、多角形图和散点图。结果发现:(1)四川重庆的群体不论在叶顶端凹缺的深度和宽度(两者多少相关)上,还是在萼片形状上,都呈现与华东诸省明显不同的变异式样;(2)广西的群体的萼片缘毛数明显高于其他群体,(3)萼片的形状与其缘毛数分别与地理分布相关,不能作为分种的依据。     

Reconstruction of the Leaves of Two New Species of Pseudosmodingium (Anacardiaceae) from Oligocene Strata of Puebla, Mexico

Leaves of two new plants are reconstructed from their isolated leaflets collected from the Oligocene Los Ahuehuetes locality near Tepexi de Rodríguez in Puebla, Mexico. The leaves of Pseudosmodingium mirandae Ramírez-Gardu?o et al. are compound imparipinnate with leaflets of variable morphology. The leaflets of five leaf morphotypes vary from narrow elliptic to lanceolate or lorate; they are symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical, with acute to attenuate apex, acute to cuneate base, and entire to serrate margin. Venation is simple pinnate craspedodromous, with secondary veins slightly curved near their base; secondary veins may dichotomize near the margin to become tertiary veins, and intersecondary veins are small and oblique to the secondary veins. A small number of leaflets assigned to Pseudosmodingium terrazasiae Ramírez-Gardu?o et al. are distinguished from P. mirandae by the leaflet shape, length&rcolon;width ratio, base shape, and apex angle. Morphological comparison of the fossil leaves with leaves of extant species of Anacardiaceae based on numerical analyses indicates a close similarity between P. mirandae and Pseudosmodingium multifolium Rose, while P. terrazasiae is more similar to Pseudosmodingium perniciosum (HBK) Engl. The presence of fossil species with extant relatives that are endemic to Mexico, along with previous reports, indicates that by the Oligocene, some lineages were already in place, although today they form part of the more xeric communities in southern North America.     

中国桂樱属植物的分类研究

桂樱属(Laurocerasus Tourn.ex Duh.)是蔷薇科李亚科的一个属。它是De Tournefort(Institutiones rei Herbariae 627.t.403.1700)以Prunus laurocerasus L.和P.lusitanica L.两种奠定基础,而至1755年由Duhmal代为正式发表而建立。自该属建立以后的二百多年来,各国植物学家对其分类位置各持不同观点。     

浙江蔷薇科新分类群

描述了浙江蔷薇科1新亚种和1新变种,并分别附有线条图。它们是:腺瓣蔷薇(新亚种)和遂昌红腺悬钩子(新变种)。腺瓣蔷薇与模式亚种单花合柱蔷薇区别在托叶、叶柄和萼片仅密被短柔毛而无腺毛,小叶片较大,两面近无毛或疏被短柔毛,伞房花序具1～3花,花瓣宽倒卵形。遂昌红腺悬钩子与模式变种红腺悬钩子区别在于花梗、小枝和老枝密被腺毛而无柔毛,小叶片两面具腺毛,萼片较长,长13～15mm,先端长尾尖。     

越南铁线莲属一新种

本文描述的产于越南的毛茛科Ranunculaceae铁线莲属Clematis一新种C. hagiangensis N. T. Do是欧亚大陆第一个具单性花的种, 在花构造方面与单性铁线莲组单性铁线莲亚组sect. Aspidanthera Spach subsect. Dioicae (Prantl) W. T. Wang的种类近缘, 但叶均为单叶, 萼片呈卵形或宽卵形而不同。在单性铁线莲亚组的种, 叶通常为复叶, 只在C. dimorphophylla W. T. Wang和C. variifolia W. T. Wang同时为单叶和复叶, 此外萼片呈长圆形、倒披针形或狭卵形。     

黄土丘陵区刺槐群落林下物种分布对环境因子的响应

以吴起、安塞、米脂、宜川等地刺槐群落为对象,结合种群生态位宽度及土壤、海拔等环境因子探究刺槐林下物种分布特征及其影响因素,分析该地区刺槐林下物种分布对环境因子的响应机制,为黄土丘陵区刺槐林的管理提供科学依据.结果表明:在黄土丘陵区不同生长年限刺槐林中,分布较为广泛的物种有狗尾草、阿尔泰狗娃花、猪毛蒿、硬质早熟禾、茭蒿、苦荬菜、角蒿等.随刺槐生长年限的增加(10年至50年),林下物种优势种的分布更替依次为:茵陈蒿→硬质早熟禾→猪毛蒿→其他(茜草、悬钩子蔷薇等)→茭蒿→狗尾草.对刺槐林下物种分布影响较大的因子依次为土壤全磷含量(25.6%)>海拔(20.3%)>土壤全氮(19.3%).土壤有机碳含量、土壤全氮含量、土壤全磷含量、土壤含水量与刺槐林下物种的分布数量呈正相关,相关程度因种群不同而有所差异.坡向对刺槐林下物种的分布无明显影响.综上所述,地形与土壤因子在刺槐林下物种的分布中均占有重要地位,坡度越大,海拔越高,刺槐林下物种的分布种类越少.其次,土壤全磷含量和海拔是影响刺槐林下物种分布的重要环境因子.刺槐林下物种的分布是土壤养分状况的反映,对刺槐林的管理具有一定的指示作用.     

Structure of a herbivore–parasitoid community: Are parasitoids shared by different herbivore guilds?

Plant–herbivore–parasitoid interactions are a common occurrence in terrestrial food webs. Few parasitoids are thought to be shared by host insects of different feeding guilds because different parasitism strategies are required to use hosts of different feeding types. However, this assumption has rarely been tested using data from nature. To clarify whether parasitoids are shared among host guilds, I examined the structure of parasitoid communities on herbivore guilds associated with two Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) in a temperate secondary forest in central Japan. Leaf- and flower-feeding insects were collected from Rhododendron reticulatum and Rhododendron macrosepalum shrubs and reared in the laboratory for 3 years from April 1999 to March 2002. In total, 79 species of holometabolous herbivores (Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera) were recorded, with 62 species on R. reticulatum and 51 species on R. macrosepalum. A total of 81 parasitoid species (Hymenoptera and Diptera) was recorded from the sampled herbivores, with 48 species from those on R. reticulatum and 50 species from those on R. macrosepalum. In total, 36 herbivore species were parasitised by 1–18 parasitoid species per host species, although the number of parasitoid species was strongly affected by sample size. Parasitoids that had two or more host species frequently attacked herbivore species from different families or on different host plants, whereas they did not attack species from different herbivore guilds; no parasitoids were shared between external feeders and rollers. Therefore, my results support the hypothesis that few parasitoids are shared among herbivores of different feeding guilds.     

小泡巨鼠(Edwards'rat)一新亚种——海南小泡巨鼠

海南岛中南部山地林区产的小泡巨鼠(Rattus edwardsi)与分布于华南地区的模式亚种(R.e.edwardsi)、分布于四川的亚种(R.e.gigas)明显不同,与国外产的马来半岛亚种(R.e.ciliatus)、苏门答腊亚种(R.e.setiger)及苏门答腊西部亚种(R.e.siporanus)亦有明显的差别,经研究为一新亚种,定名为小泡巨鼠海南亚种Rattus edwardsi hainanensis Xu et Yu subsp.nov.。